Mukati
tsananguro
Mafuta eSunflower chigadzirwa chemuti unowanikwa nekutsikirira kana kubvisa kubva kumafuta emafuta ezuva. Iyo ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mhando yemafuta anoshandiswa mukubika uye cosmetology.
Sunflower inowanikwa kuNorth America, uye, maererano nenhoroondo dzekare, vagari venyika ino vakashandisa mafuta avo kugadzirira mishonga nemadhayi makore zviuru zvishanu apfuura. Ichi chirimwa chaionekwa sechinoyera, asi kwete chakagadzirwa.
Yakaonekwa muEurope nekuda kwevaSpanish vafambisi vengarava mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi16. Chikwereti chikuru chekuvandudza matekinoroji ekugadzira mafuta ndeevaBritish, avo vakagamuchira mavheti ekutanga ekugadzirwa kwayo. Nhasi mafuta ezuva rezuva anoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvikafu, mushonga, cosmetology, kurima, uye zvakare kune zvehunyanzvi zvinangwa.
Kubva pane ino chinyorwa iwe uchadzidza nezve makuru marudzi, nzira dzekuchenesa, panoshandiswa mafuta ezuva (sunflower), kuumbwa kwayo, mafuta ezuva anobatsira sei uye ane chero zvinopesana zvekushandisa.
Nhoroondo yezuva
Munguva dzakakanganwikwa nemadzitateguru, ruva rezuva raionekwa seshongedzo chirimwa chakabatana nezuva, chainamatwa, chaionekwa seruva dzvene rinomiririra hupfumi, hutano nekubereka.
Maringazuva anodyarwa mumapaka, masasitendi, muminda, aishongedza minda yemiriwo, asi haana kushandiswa mukubika kana mushonga. Uye chete muna 1829 varimi veRussia Daniil Bokarev, vachidyara sunflower dzinoverengeka mubindu rake, vakaedza kuve vekutanga kurova mafuta kubva kuzuva vachishandisa ruoko rwekutsikirira.
Mushure mekubudirira kuburitsa mafuta ezuva rezuva, iro rekutanga ruomba rwakagadzirwa mumusha. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi19 mafuta ezuva ezuva raishandiswa zvakanyanya kwete muRussia chete, asi muEurope nedzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero.
Nhasi, kugadzirwa kwemafuta ezuva rezuva kunosvika 70% yemafuta emuriwo uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munyika dzese dzepasi. Kune angangoita makumi mashanu emhando yezuva, asi sunflower yakasanganiswa nemafuta, iyo inorimwa pasi rese, inoshandiswa kugadzira mafuta emiriwo.
Munguva yedu, oiri yezuva inofungidzirwa seyakakosha chigadzirwa chemiti icho chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukubika. Uye zvakare, ichipiwa yakasarudzika uye inorapa kuumbwa, ichi chigadzirwa chinoshandiswa kurapa uye kudzivirira huwandu hwezvirwere.
Munguva yekugadzirwa kwemafuta emiriwo, mbeu yezuva-yezuva inopfuura nematanho akati wandei ekugadzirisa kuti uwane mhando yaunoda yemafuta, ine hwema hunofadza uye hwakananga kuravira.
Mhando dzemafuta ezuva
Mafuta eSunflower anowanikwa nenzira mbiri: nekudzvanya uye kuburitsa. Chekutanga sarudzo ine zvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari, uyezve, mune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa zvinokwanisika kuchengetedza yakawanda yezvinovaka muviri: mavitamini, antioxidants. Chekutanga pane zvese, izvi zvine chekuita neoiri-yakatsikwa mafuta.
Hot-chakatsindirwa mafuta chinowanikwa nekupisa iyo mint mune brazier, iyo inopa icho chigadzirwa hunhu kuravira kunoyeuchidza mbeu yakakangwa. Iyo nzira yekubvisa inosanganisira kushandiswa kwe organic solvents. Iyo nzira inoitwa mune yakasarudzika madhizaini, ayo ane musanganiswa wemafuta uye solvent, pamwe nechigadzirwa chakasimba - chikafu.
Oiri inowanikwa ne distillation mune distillers, ichiteverwa ne filtration. Maitiro acho ane hupfumi, zvisinei, kukosha kwehutano hwechigadzirwa chakabviswa chakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura icho chemafuta akawanikwa achishandisa nzira dzemakanika. Crude (yekutanga yakadzvanywa) inotonhora kana inopisa mafuta akatsimbirwa ayo ane hunonaka kuravira uye anogona kunatswa nyore (kusefa kana centrifugation).
Kana kutonhora kuchimanikidzwa, akawanda mavitamin uye phytosterol anochengetwa mumafuta, asi tekinoroji iyi haishandiswe mune yayo yakachena fomu, saka iko iko iko kusungwa kwehutano kunogona kusiyana zvakanyanya.
Kumanikidza kupisa kunosanganisira kudziisa iyo mint kusvika pamadhigirii zana, semhedzisiro yeiyo akawanda mavitamini uye phytosterol akaparadzwa. Zvichienderana nenzira yekuchenesa, anotevera marudzi emafuta anosiyaniswa:
Chisina kutsanangurwa.
Inowanikwa neyekugadzira michina inoteverwa neyakareruka kusefa kwemafuta. Iyo ine hwema hunofadza uye yakapfuma amber ruvara. Ndiye mutungamiri mukusunganidzwa kwevakavaka muviri uye mavitamini. Hupenyu hwesherufu hwemafuta hunosiyana kubva pamwedzi mitatu kusvika kumana.
Yakanatswa.
Yakagadzirwa kubva kune isina kucheneswa nekuita yakazara yekuchenesa kutenderera. Zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvine huwandu hushoma hwevhitamini (shoma yevhitamini E, A, K inochengetwa mairi, uye mavhitamini B uye C, phytosterols inoparadzwa zvachose). Sherufu yehupenyu hwemafuta inenge 1 gore.
Yakaiswa mvura.
Icho chigadzirwa chinowanikwa nekurapa mafuta asina kunatswa nemvura, iyo inobvisa mapuroteni nezvikamu zvine phosphorus mairi. Mukuonekwa, mafuta akadaro anonyanya kujekesa uye akareruka pane asina kutsanangurwa, uye mamwe mavhitamini nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira zvinochengeterwa mariri pane pakanatswa. Inogona kuchengetwa kwemwedzi mitanhatu.
Frozen.
Izvo zvinogadzirwa kubva kune ese asina kutsanangurwa uye akacheneswa mafuta nekubvisa waxes nechando. Iyi nzira inodzivirira chigadzirwa gore uye sludge kuumbwa. Oiri iyi inoshandiswa mukugadzirira kwekudya kwekudya, mukudya kwevana.
Kusvibiswa.
Oiri inoenda kune imwezve kusefa, iyo inobvisa carotenoids, waxes uye inoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanakisa yekutsvaira. Icho chakareruka pane ese maoiri aripo.
Yakagadziriswa.
Zvese zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kuravira uye hwema hwechigadzirwa zvinobviswa mumafuta akadaro. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutsvaira.
Aripiko mafuta e-sunflower anoshandiswa
Mafuta eSunflower ndeimwe yemafuta emuriwo anowanzozivikanwa, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukubika (kwekutsvaira, kupfeka masaladi), muindasitiri yezvikafu (yekugadzira mafuta, mukugadzira chikafu chemumagaba), pamwe nechinangwa chehunyanzvi (che lubricating mabheyaringi, mukugadzira sipo, pendi uye varnish indasitiri).
Iko kuumbwa uye mabhenefiti eoirangura mafuta
Iko kuumbwa kwemafuta ezuva (sunflower) kwakatosiyana uye zvinoenderana nemhando yezuva uye nzvimbo yekurima kwayo, nzira yekuwana chigadzirwa uye nzira dzekucheneswa kwayo. Chigadzirwa chine huwandu hwakawanda hwemafuta husina kugadzirwa mumuviri uye hunofanirwa kubva kunze, phytosterols, mavitamini.
Oiri ine anotevera mafuta acids, ayo anotora chikamu mukuita kwehurongwa hwetsinga, mukusikwa kweiyo membreni yetsinga dzemhasuru uye membrane yesero:
- linoleic;
- oleic;
- palmitic;
- stearic;
- linolenic;
- arachidonic.
Izvo zvinobatsira zveoiri yezuva mafuta anotsamira zvakanyanya panzira yekuzviparadzanisa kwayo uye nekuzotevera kugadzirisa. Aya mavitamini anotevera aripo mumafuta asina kutsanangurwa:
- Vhitamini A (Retinol). Icho chakakosha kutora chikamu mumetabolism yemuviri. Kudya kwayo kwakakwana mumuviri kunotendera kuchengetedza ganda uye immune system mune yakajairika mamiriro. Ine inobatsira pabasa rezvemukati mitezo yakawanda.
- Vhitamini D (calciferol). Iyo inokonzeresa kukura kweyakajairika uye kukura kweiyo skeletal system, inobatsira kudzivirira kukura kwehuriketi uye osteoporosis. Kana iyo yekudya isina kukwana, iyo thyroid gland inokanganiswa, uye hutachiona hwadzikira. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kukosha kwevhitamini D mukudzivirira kuumbwa kwemasero akaipa.
- Vitamini E (tocopherol). Iine basa rekudzivirira, ichidzivirira oxidation yemaseru maseru. Inotora chikamu muzvakawanda zvakakosha maitiro mumuviri: inodzora basa repabonde, inovimbisa mashandiro ekushanda kwemhasuru nyama, inomutsa mashandiro emaseru, inodzivirira kuwanda kweropa, inononoka kukwegura, nezvimwe.
- B mavhitaminzi (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6). Ivo vanovimbisa zvakajairika mashandiro emitsipa uye yemoyo masystem, inovandudza mashandiro eiyo gastrointestinal turakiti, mamiriro eganda, bvumidza zvirinani shiviriro yemuviri chiitiko, zvinonetsa mamiriro.
Zvakanakira oiri yezuva mafuta emuviri wemunhu zvinoratidzwa mune zvinotevera:
- kuvandudza mashandiro emwoyo (kudzikisa cholesterol mazinga, kusimbisa madziro etsinga, kudzivirira atherosclerosis, yakasimba vascular uye pathologies yemwoyo);
- zvinobatsira pauropi (kuvandudza mashandiro emabasa);
- kuomarara kwematumbo;
- mhedzisiro pane endocrine uye genitourinary masystem;
- kudzivirira kukwegura kusati kwasvika (nekuda kweiyo yakawanda yezvinhu zve tocopherol, iyo yakapetwa katatu kupfuura mumafuta emuorivhi).
Sunflower oiri contraindications
Mafuta eSunflower haana kana zvinopesana zvekushandisa, asi inofanirwa kudyiwa zvine mwero. Kushungurudzwa kunokanganisa hutano hwevanhu vakafutisa, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kweropa glucose.
Kushandiswa kwemafuta e-sunflower hakukurudzirwi kune vanhu vanotambura necholelithiasis, vanowanzoita allergies. Kukuvadza kwemafuta ezuva kuhutano hwevanhu kunogona kukonzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaderera.
Sunflower mafuta sarudzo nzira
Paunenge uchitenga mafuta ezuva, sarudza iyo inochengeterwa munzvimbo ine rima - pasi pesimba rechiedza, chigadzirwa chinorasikirwa nehunhu hwayo, uye hupenyu hwesherufu hwaderedzwa. Kana iri padyo nguva yekupera kwechigadzirwa, inowedzerawo kukosha kweiyo peroxide kukosha, iyo inokanganisa oxidizability yemafuta.
Zvigadzirwa zvine yakakwira peroxide kukosha zvinokurumidza kurasikirwa zvadzo zvepakutanga zvivakwa uye zviite rancid. Cloudy mafuta chiratidzo chekuti chigadzirwa chakaparadzwa. Muchiitiko ichi, kuvepo kwedutu mumafuta asina kunatsiridzwa kunotenderwa, nekuti kazhinji kacho zvikamu zvacho phospholipid inobatsira muviri.
Mafuta eSunflower mu cosmetology
Nekuda kwekupora kwemafuta emiriwo, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mucosmetology seyakanyorovesa uye inovandudza agent. Zvakare, chigadzirwa ichi chinoshandiswa kune bvudzi, ganda, masks, vhudzi conditioners, makirimu uye zvimwe zvekuzora zvigadzirwa zvechisikigo zvinogadzirwa nazvo.
Inovaka kumeso kumeso. Iwe unozoda 20 ml yemafuta esunflower asina kunatsiridzwa, zora pane swab yedonje wozora kuganda kwemaminitsi makumi maviri. Wobva watora jira rakachena rakanyikwa mumvura inodziya uye bvisa mafuta. Mafuta akasara anogona kubviswa netowel nyorova.
Mafuta eSunflower ekuchengetwa kwebvudzi. Mafuta eSunflower ane maitiro akanaka pane iro bvudzi chimiro, anovadyisa nezvinhu zvinobatsira, anoita kuti vave nehutano uye hwakasimba. Mafuta eSunflower anogona kuwedzerwa madonhwe mashoma kune chero bvudzi mask.
Paunenge uchigadzira chero kumeso kumeso kumba, unogona kuwedzera madonhwe mashoma emafuta ezuva, izvi zvichaita kuti ganda riite nyoro, rakasununguka uye rakanaka.
Kubva pane zvataurwa pamusoro apa, tinogona kupedzisa kuti mafuta asina kusarudzika ezuva rezuva - chigadzirwa chakasarudzika pakurapa nekudzivirira huwandu hwezvirwere.
Asi panguva imwechete, chigadzirwa ichi hachifanirwe kushandiswa semushonga chete wekurapa kweichi kana icho chirwere. Chiremba chete, mushure memhedzisiro yeongororo, ndiye anogona kupa mushonga unoshanda, uye mafuta ezuva-ezuva anogona kuve chishandiso chakanakira kurapwa kwakaomarara.