Iyo trapezius tsandanyama ndeye extrinsic tsandanyama mupfudzi inobatanidzwa mukufamba kwe scapula, kana bendekete.

nzvimbo. Zviviri munhamba, mitsipa ye trapezius inovhara chiso chekupedzisira chemutsipa uye shure kwehafu ye trunk, kumativi ose emusana (1). Trapezius muscles inobatanidza skeleton yemakumbo epamusoro kune skeleton ye trunk. Iwo chikamu che thoraco-appendicular tsandanyama.

mamiriro. Iyo trapezius muscle is skeletal muscle, kureva musuru wakaiswa pasi pekuzvidira kutonga kwepakati tsinga. Inoumbwa neshinda dzetsandanyama dzakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu: kumusoro, pakati uye pasi (1).

mavambo. Mutsara wetrapezius unoiswa panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana: pachikamu chetatu chepamusoro chepamusoro nuchal line, pane kunze kwe occipital protuberance, pa nuchal ligament, uye pamitsipa yepini kubva kumutsipa wekervical C7 kusvika kune thoracic vertebra T121.

Kuguma. Iyo trapezius muscle inoiswa pamwero we lateral yechitatu ye collarbone, pamwe chete neacromion uye musana we scapula (scapula), bony protrusions yemucheto wepamusoro we scapula (1).

Kugara nhaka. Iyo trapezius muscle haina kuvharwa:

• nemusana wemusana wetsinga yekuwedzera, inotarisira unyanzvi hwemotokari;
• nemitsipa yekervical kubva kuC3 neC4 cervical vertebrae, inokonzera marwadzo ekuona uye proprioception (1).

Movement of the scapula, kana scapula. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemhasuru dzinoita tsandanyama dzetrapezius dzine mabasa chaiwo (1):

• shinda dzepamusoro dzinobvumira kuti bendekete risimuke.
• iyo yepakati fibers inobvumira kufamba kumashure kwe scapula.
• 
  iyo yakaderera fiber inobvumira kuderedzwa kwe scapula.

Idzo dzepamusoro nedzezasi fiber dzinoshanda pamwe chete pakutenderera kwe scapula, kana kuti bendekete.

Marwadzo emutsipa uye kurwadziwa shure, kurwadziwa kunowanikwa munzvimbo imwechete mumutsipa uye kumashure, kunogona kubatanidzwa kune trapezius muscle.

Tsvina yemaronda isina maronda. (3)

• Cramp. Iyo inofananidzwa nekusazvidira, kunorwadza uye kwechinguva chibvumirano chemhasuru senge trapezius muscle.
• Contracture. Iko kusazvisarudzira, kunorwadza uye kusingagumi kuputika kwemhasuru yakadai se trapezius muscle.

Kukuvara kwetsandanyama. (3) Iyo trapezius muscle inogona kutambura kukuvara kwemhasuru, pamwe chete nekurwadziwa.

• Elongation. Chekutanga nhanho yekukuvara kwemhasuru, kureba kunoenderana nekutambanudza kwetsandanyama kunokonzerwa nema microtears uye zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kwemhasuru.
• Kuparara. Chikamu chechipiri chekukuvara kwemhasuru, iko kuputsika kunoenderana nekuputika kwemhasuru tambo.
• Kutsemuka. Nhanho yekupedzisira yekukuvara kwemhasuru, inoenderana nekutsemuka kwemhasuru.

Tendinopathies. Vanosarudza zvirwere zvose zvinogona kuitika mumatendon akadai seaya akabatanidzwa ne trapezius muscle (2). Zvikonzero zveizvi pathologies zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana. Mabviro acho anogona kunge ari emukati pamwe chete neiyo genetic predispositions, seyekunze, ine semuenzaniso nzvimbo dzakaipa panguva yekuita zvemitambo.

• Tendinitis: Iko kuzvimba kwetendon.

Torticollis. Iyi pathology inokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kana misodzi mumarunda kana mamhasuru, ari mumutsipa wekervical vertebrae.

Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Zvichienderana nehutachiona hwakawanikwa, mimwe mishonga inogona kupihwa kudzora kurwadziwa nekuzvimba.

Kuvhiya kurapa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere chakaonekwa uye nzira yayo, kuvhiyiwa kungave kuri madikanwa.

Kurapa kwepanyama. Kurapa kwepanyama, kuburikidza nemapurogiramu chaiwo ekurovedza muviri, kunogona kurongerwa senge physiotherapy kana physiotherapy.

Kuongorora kwepanyama. Kutanga, kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunoitwa kuitira kuti uone uye kuongorora zviratidzo zvinoonekwa nemurwere.

Chiremba imaging bvunzo. X-ray, CT, kana MRI bvunzo dzinogona kushandiswa kusimbisa kana kudzamisa kuongororwa.

Kurudyi uye kuruboshwe trapezius tsandanyama inoumba trapezius, saka zita ravo (1).