Kunyangwe pakati pevamwe vavo vasina kujairika - nyanzvi dzekugadzira uye masayendisiti anopenga zvishoma eMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab, iri pedyo neBoston (USA), uko hofori inflatable shark inorembera kubva padenga, matafura anowanzo kuve akashongedzwa nemisoro yemarobhoti. , uye masayendisiti akaonda, ane bvudzi pfupi muhembe dzeHawaiian achiyemura achikurukura zvisinganzwisisike mafomula akadhirowewa muchoko pabhodhi - Saleb Harper anoita kunge munhu asina kujairika. Nepo vaaishanda navo mukutsvaga kwesainzi vanogadzira : hungwaru hwekugadzira, ma prostheses akangwara, chizvarwa chinotevera kupeta michina uye michina yekurapa inoratidza tsinga dzevanhu mu 3D, Harper ari kushanda pa – Anorima makabheji. Mugore rapfuura, akashandura diki yeInstitute pauriri hwechishanu (kuseri kwemasuo erabhoritari yake) kuita gadheni repamusoro-soro rinoita kunge rakaunzwa kubva mubhaisikopo resci-fi. Mhando dzinoverengeka dze broccoli, madomasi uye basil zvinokura pano, zvinoita kunge zviri mumhepo, zvakashambidzwa nebhuruu uye tsvuku neon LED mwenje; uye midzi yawo michena inoita kuti iite sejellyfish. Miti yacho yakakomberedza rusvingo rwegirazi, mamita manomwe kureba uye mamita 7 kureba, kuitira kuti iite seyakaputira chivako chehofisi. Hazvina kuoma kufungidzira kuti kana iwe ukapa mahara kuna Harper nevamwe vake, munguva pfupi iri kutevera vanogona kushandura metropolis yese kuita bindu rinorarama uye rinodyiwa.
“Ndinotenda kuti tine simba rekuchinja nyika negadziriro yezvokudya zvepasi rose,” anodaro Harper, murume murefu, mutete ane makore 34 okukura akapfeka hembe yebhuruu nebhutsu dzemombe. “Mukana wekurima mumaguta wakakura. Uye aya haasi mashoko asina maturo. “Kurima mumadhorobha” mumakore achangopfuura kwave kure nechikamu che“tarisiro, zvinogoneka” (panguva iyo miedzo yakaitwa kurima lettuce nemiriwo pamatenga edzimba dzemaguta uye munzvimbo dzisina chinhu dzemaguta) uye yave shanduko chaiyo yekuvandudza, yakatangwa nevanofunga. vakamira zvakasimba netsoka dzavo, saHarper. Akavamba chirongwa cheCityFARM gore rapfuura, uye Harper parizvino ari kutsvagisa nzira yepamusoro-tech inogona kubatsira kukwirisa goho remuriwo. Panguva imwecheteyo, ma sensor masisitimu anoshandiswa anotarisisa kudiwa kwezvirimwa zvemvura uye fetiraiza, uye kudyisa mbesa nechiedza cheiyo optimal wave frequency: diodes, mukupindura zvinodiwa nechirimwa, inotumira mwenje usingangope hupenyu zvinomera, asiwo zvinotarisa kuravira kwavo. Harper anorota kuti minda yakadaro mune ramangwana ichatora nzvimbo yavo pamatenga ezvivakwa - mumaguta chaiwo umo vanhu vazhinji vanogara uye vanoshanda.
Izvo zvitsva izvo Harper anoronga kuunza zvinogona kudzikisa mutengo wekurima uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza. Anotaura kuti nekuyera nekudzora chiedza, kudiridza uye kuisa fetereza maererano nenzira yake, zvinokwanisika kuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura ne 98%, kukurumidza kukura kwemiriwo ne 4 nguva, kubvisa zvachose kushandiswa kwemakemikari fetiraiza nemishonga yezvipembenene, kaviri kudya kunovaka muviri. kukosha kwemiriwo uye kuvandudza kuravira kwavo.
Kugadzirwa kwechikafu idambudziko rakakura rezvakatipoteredza. Isati yave patafura yedu, inowanzoita rwendo rwezviuru zvemakiromita. Kevin Frediyani, mukuru wekurima kwekurima paBicton College, chikoro chekurima muDevon, UK, akafungidzira kuti UK inotenga 90% yezvibereko zvayo nemiriwo kubva kunyika makumi maviri neina (iyo 24% inobva kuEngland). Zvinoitika kuti kuendeswa kwemusoro wekabichi akarimwa muSpain uye akaunzwa nerori kuUK zvinotungamira mukuburitswa kweanenge 23 kg yeanokuvadza kabhoni emissions. Kana iwe ukakura musoro uyu muUK, mune greenhouse, iyo nhamba ichave yakanyanya kukwirira: inenge 1.5 kg yekubuda. “Hatina chiedza chakakwana, uye magirazi haachengete kupisa zvakanaka,” anodaro Frediani. Asi kana ukashandisa chivakwa chakavharidzirwa chine mwenje wekugadzira, unogona kuderedza kuburitsa kusvika 1.8 kg. Frediyani anoziva zvaari kutaura nezvazvo: akambotarisira minda yemichero neminda yemiriwo paPaington Zoo, umo muna 0.25 akakurudzira nzira yekudyara yakatwasuka yekurima chikafu chemhuka zvakanyanya. Kana tikakwanisa kuisa nzira dzakadai parukova, tinowana chikafu chakachipa, chitsva uye chinovaka muviri, tichakwanisa kuderedza kuburitswa kwegreenhouse gasi nemamiriyoni ematani pagore, kusanganisira muchikamu chekugadzira chine chekuita nekurongedza, kutakura uye kuronga. zvigadzirwa zvekurima, izvo zvakazara zvinoburitsa 2008 zvakapetwa zvinokuvadza zvinopisa kupfuura kurima pachako. Izvi zvinogona kunonoka zvakanyanya nzira yedambudziko rekudya repasi rose riri kuuya.
Nyanzvi dzeUN dzakaverenga kuti panosvika gore ra2050 huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose huchakura nemabhiriyoni mana nemazana mashanu, uye 4.5% yevagari vepasi rose vachagara mumaguta. Nechekare nhasi, 80% yenyika yakakodzera kurima iri kushandiswa, uye mitengo yezvigadzirwa iri kukwira nekuda kwekusanaya kwemvura nemafashama. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, vagadziri vezvekurima vakaisa pfungwa dzavo kumaguta semhinduro inobvira kuchinetso chacho. Mushure mezvose, miriwo inogona kurimwa chero kupi zvako, kunyangwe pamasitepisi kana munzvimbo dzakasiiwa dzemabhomba.
Huwandu hwemakambani ari kutanga kushandisa tekinoroji yegreenhouse yekurima miriwo uye kuvadyisa ne LEDs inosanganisira, semuenzaniso, hofori yakadai sePhilips Electronics, iyo ine dhipatimendi rayo rekurima LEDs. Masayendisiti ari kushanda ikoko ari kugadzira mhando itsva dzekutakura mitsara uye masisitimu ekutungamira, achiongorora zvinogoneka zve microclimate tekinoroji, aeroponics *, aquaponics **, hydroponics ***, mvura inonaya kukohwa uye kunyange microturbines inobvumira kushandiswa kwesimba remhepo. Asi kusvika ikozvino, hapana akakwanisa kuita kuti zvitsva zvakadaro zvibhadhare. Chinhu chakanyanya kuoma kushandisa simba. Iyo VertiCorp (Vancouver) hydroponic system, iyo yakaita ruzha rwakanyanya munharaunda yesainzi, iyo yakanzi Discovery of the Year 2012 nemagazini yeTIME, yakadonha nekuti. vapedza magetsi akawandisa. “Kune nhema dzakawanda nezvipikirwa zvisina maturo munharaunda iyi,” anodaro Harper, mwanakomana womubiki wechingwa akakurira papurazi reTexas. "Izvi zvakonzera kutambisa mari yakawanda uye kudonha kwemakambani mazhinji makuru nemadiki."
Harper anoti nekuda kwekushandiswa kwekuvandudza kwake, zvinokwanisika kuderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi ne80%. Kusiyana nehunyanzvi hwekurima hwemaindasitiri hwakachengetedzwa nematendi, chirongwa chake chakavhurika, uye chero munhu anogona kushandisa hunyanzvi hwake. Patove nemuenzaniso weizvi, sezvakaitika kune MIT-yakagadzirwa laser cutters uye XNUMXD maprinta, ayo Institute inogadzira uye inopa kumaLabs pasi rese. "Vakagadzira network yekugadzira iyo yandinoona semuenzaniso wekufamba kwedu kurima muriwo," anodaro Harper.
…Pakanaka June masikati, Harper ari kuyedza kuseta kwake kutsva. Anobata chimedu chekadhibhodhi chakatorwa patoyi yevana. Pamberi pake pane bhokisi re coleslaw rakavhenekerwa nebhuruu uye tsvuku LEDs. Kumhara "kunotariswa" nekamera-yekuteedzera vhidhiyo kamera yakakweretwa naHarper kubva kuPlayStation. Anovhara kamuri nekadhibhodhi sheet - diodes inova yakajeka. "Tinogona kufunga nezve data yemamiriro ekunze uye kugadzira diode lighting compensation algorithm," akadaro musayendisiti, "Asi hurongwa haugone kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze emvura kana makore. Tinoda nharaunda inopindirana zvishoma. "
Harper akaunganidza muenzaniso wakadaro kubva kune aluminium slats uye plexiglass mapaneru - rudzi rweimba yekushanda isina hutachiona. Mukati mebhodhoro regirazi iri, rakareba kudarika murume, zvinomera makumi mashanu zvinogara, zvimwe zvine midzi yakarembera uye inodiridzwa nekudya.
Naivo pachavo, nzira dzakadaro hadzisi dzega: mapurazi madiki egreenhouse anga achiashandisa kwemakore akati wandei. Ihwo hutsva huri mukushandiswa kwema diode ebhuruu uye tsvuku mwenje, izvo zvinogadzira photosynthesis, pamwe nedanho rekutonga iro Harper akawana. Iyo greenhouse yakazadzwa nemasensa akasiyana-siyana anoverenga mamiriro emuchadenga uye kutumira data kumakombuta. "Nekufamba kwenguva, iyi greenhouse ichawedzera kungwara," Harper anovimbisa.
Inoshandisa hurongwa hwemazita anopiwa kuchirimwa chimwe nechimwe kuronda kukura kwechirimwa chimwe nechimwe. "Kusvika iye zvino, hapana akaita izvi," anodaro Harper. “Kwave kune mishumo yakawanda yenhema yekuedza kwakadaro, asi hapana nomumwe wavo akakunda bvunzo. Ikozvino kune ruzivo rwakawanda munharaunda yesainzi nezvezvidzidzo zvakadaro, asi hapana anoziva chokwadi kana vakabudirira, uye kazhinji, kana zvakaitwa chaizvo.
Chinangwa chake ndechekugadzira mutsara wekugadzira miriwo we-inodiwa, unounzwa seAmazon.com. Panzvimbo pekunhonga miriwo yakasvibirira (somuenzaniso, semadomasi akasvibira anokohwewa muNetherlands muzhizha kana kuSpain munguva yechando - irombo mune zvinovaka muviri uye isinganakidze), wozovatumira mazana emakiromita, gasi kuti vape kutaridzika kwekuibva - unogona kuraira. madomasi ako pano futi asi anoibva uye atsva, kubva mubindu, uye anenge ari munzira inotevera. "Kutumirwa kuchakurumidza," anodaro Harper. "Hapana kuravira kana kurasikirwa kwekudya mukuita!"
Parizvino, dambudziko guru raHarper risati ragadziriswa ndere magetsi masosi. Inoshandisa zvese chiedza chezuva kubva pahwindo uye internet-inodzorwa maLED akagadzirwa neSwitzerland kutanga Heliospectra. Kana iwe ukaisa minda yemiriwo pazvivakwa zvehofisi, sezvakakurudzirwa naHarper, ipapo pachava nesimba rakakwana kubva kuZuva. "Kudyara kwangu kunongoshandisa 10% yemwenje wemwenje, imwe yese inodziya mukamuri - yakafanana negreenhouse effect," Harper anotsanangura. - Saka ndinofanira kutonhora greenhouse nemaune, izvo zvinoda simba rakawanda uye zvinoparadza kugutsikana. Asi heino mubvunzo wekuti: marii ezuva anodhura?
Muchinyakare "solar" greenhouses, magonhi anofanirwa kuvhurwa kuti atonhodze mukamuri uye kuderedza humidity yakaunganidzwa - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo vashanyi vasina kukokwa - zvipembenene uye fungi - vanopinda mukati. Zvikwata zvesainzi kumakambani akadai seHeliospectra naPhilips vanotenda kuti kushandisa Zuva inzira yechinyakare. Muchokwadi, budiriro huru yesainzi mundima yekurima ikozvino iri kuitwa nemakambani ekuvheneka. Heliospectra haingopi marambi egreenhouses, asiwo inoitisa tsvakiridzo yezvidzidzo mumunda wenzira dzekukurumidza kukura kwebiomass, kukurumidza kutumbuka nekuvandudza kuravira kwemiriwo. NASA iri kushandisa marambi avanogadzira mukuyedza kwavo kugadziridza "Martian space base" muHawaii. Kuvhenekera pano kunogadzirwa nemapuranga ane diode, ane kombiyuta yavo yakagadzirwa. "Unogona kutumira chiratidzo kune chirimwa uchibvunza kuti unonzwa sei, uye mukudzoka inotumira ruzivo rwekuti yakawanda sei yemhando yainoshandisa uye kuti inodya sei," anodaro Heliosphere co-mutungamiri Christopher Steele, anobva kuGothenburg. "Semuenzaniso, mwenje webhuruu hauna kunaka pakukura kwebasil uye zvinokanganisa kunaka kwayo." Uyewo, Zuva harigoni kuvhenekera miriwo zvakakwana zvakaenzana - izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuonekwa kwemafu uye kutenderera kwePasi. "Tinogona kurima miriwo pasina madhiramu matema uye mavara anotaridzika zvakanaka uye anonaka," anowedzera CEO Stefan Hillberg.
Maitiro akadaro ekuvhenekesa anotengeswa nemutengo we4400 pounds, iyo isingadhuri zvachose, asi kudiwa pamusika kwakanyanya kwazvo. Nhasi, kune mwenje inosvika mamirioni makumi mashanu neshanu mumagreenhouse pasi rose. "Marambi anofanirwa kuchinjwa makore 55-1 ega ega," anodaro Hillberg. "Iyo imari yakawanda."
Zvirimwa zvinosarudza diode kune chiedza chezuva. Sezvo diodes inogona kuiswa zvakananga pamusoro pechirimwa, haifaniri kushandisa simba rakawedzerwa pakugadzira madzinde, inokura zvakajeka kumusoro uye chikamu chemashizha chakakora. PaGreenSenseFarms, purazi rakakura kwazvo remukati rakamira pasirese, riri makiromita makumi mashanu kubva kuChicago, anosvika mazana manomwe marambi ari mumakamuri maviri ekuvhenekesa. "Lettuce inorimwa pano inonaka uye inonaka," anodaro CEO Robert Colangelo. - Isu tinovhenekera mubhedha wega wega nemarambi gumi, isu tine 50 mibhedha. Tinowana misoro yeretisi 7000 kubva mubindu mazuva makumi matatu oga oga.”
Mibhedha yakarongedzwa vertically papurazi uye inosvika 7.6 m kureba. Iyo Green Sense purazi inoshandisa tekinoroji yeiyo inonzi "hydro-nutrient film". Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kuti mvura inovaka muviri inoputika kuburikidza ne "ivhu" - yakapwanyika makokonati makokoni, ayo anoshandiswa pano panzvimbo peat, nokuti iyo inoshandiswa zvakare. “Nemhaka yokuti mibhedha yacho yakarongwa yakatwasuka, miriwo yacho inokura kukora zvakapetwa kagumi uye inobereka ka25 kusvika ku30 pane yakajairika, yakachinjika,” anodaro Colangelo. "Zvakanakira Nyika nekuti hapana mushonga wezvipembenene unoburitswa, uye isu tiri kushandisa mvura yakadzokororwa nefetereza yakadzokororwa." "Inoshandisa simba shoma (kupfuura rinowanzoitwa)," anodaro Colangelo, achitaura nezvefekitari yake yemiriwo, yakagadzirwa pamwe chete naPhilips, iyo yakakura pane imwe nyika.
Colangelo anotenda kuti munguva pfupi indasitiri yezvekurima ichakura mumativi maviri chete: kutanga, hombe, nzvimbo dzakavhurika dzakasimwa zviyo zvakadai segorosi uye chibage, izvo zvinogona kuchengetwa kwemwedzi uye zvishoma nezvishoma kutakurwa pasi rose - mapurazi aya ari kure nemaguta . Chechipiri, mapurazi akatwasuka anozorima muriwo unodhura, unoparara sematomatisi, magaka nemuriwo. Purazi ravo, iro rakavhurwa muna Kubvumbi gore rino, riri kutarisirwa kuwana mari inosvika madhora 2-3 miriyoni mumari yegore. Colangelo anototengesa zvigadzirwa zvake zvekusaina kumaresitorendi nenzvimbo yekugovera yeWholeFood (inowanikwa maminetsi makumi matatu chete), iyo inoendesa miriwo mitsva kuzvitoro makumi mana nemasere mu30 US states.
"Nhanho inotevera ndeye automation," anodaro Colangelo. Sezvo mibhedha yakarongedzerwa pasi, mukuru wechirimwa anotenda kuti zvinokwanisika kushandisa marobhoti nemasensa kuona kuti ndeipi miriwo yakaibva, kukohwa, uye kuitsiva nembeu itsva. "Ichafanana neDetroit nemafekitori ayo anongozviitira umo marobhoti anounganidza mota. Mota nemarori zvinounganidzwa kubva kune zvikamu zvakarairwa nevatengesi, kwete kugadzirwa-zhinji. Tichadaidza izvi "kukura kurongeka". Tichatanha muriwo kana kuchitoro kwave kuda.”
Chimwe chinotonyanya kushamisa hunyanzvi mumunda wekurima "mapurazi emidziyo yekutakura". Iwo mabhokisi ekukura akamira akashongedzerwa neinodziya system, kudiridza uye kuvhenekesa nemwenje diode. Midziyo iyi, iri nyore kutakura uye kuchengeta, inogona kurongedzerwa ina pamusoro peimwe uye kuiswa kunze kwezvitoro nemaresitorendi kuti vape miriwo mitsva.
Makambani akati wandei akatozadza niche iyi. Florida-based Growtainer ikambani inogadzira ese mapurazi ese uye pane-saiti mhinduro dzeresitorendi uye zvikoro (kwaanoshandiswa seyamuro yekuona mubiology). "Ndakaisa miriyoni yemadhora mune izvi," anodaro Grotainer CEO Glen Berman, uyo akatungamira varimi vemaorchid muFlorida, Thailand, neVietnam kwemakore makumi mana uye iye zvino ndiye muparadzi mukuru wezvirimwa zvipenyu muUS neEurope. “Takakwenenzvera madiridziro nemagetsi,” vanodaro. "Tinokura zviri nani pane zvakasikwa pachazvo."
Nechekare, ane akawanda enzvimbo dzekugovera, mazhinji ayo anoshanda maererano ne "muridzi-mutengi" system: vanokutengesa iwe mudziyo, uye iwe unorima muriwo wega. Webhusaiti yaBerman inototi midziyo iyi yakanakisa "yekushambadzira kushambadzira" panogona kuiswa marogo uye rumwe ruzivo. Mamwe makambani anoshanda pane imwe musimboti - anotengesa midziyo ine yavo logo, umo miriwo iri kutokura. Nehurombo, nepo zvirongwa zvese zviri kudhura kune mutengi.
"Micro mapurazi ane reverse ROI panzvimbo," anodaro Paul Lightfoot, CEO weBright Farms. Bright Farms inogadzira magreenhouses anogona kuiswa padyo nechitoro, nokudaro kuderedza nguva uye mutengo wekutakura. "Kana iwe uchida kudziyisa mukamuri, zvakachipa kupisa gumi remakiromita kupfuura zana remamita."
Vamwe vanogadzira zvekurima havabvi mudzidzo asi kubva kumabhizinesi. Ndizvo zvakaita Bright Farms, iyo yaive yakavakirwa pa2007 isiri-purojekiti chirongwa cheScienceBarge, mufananidzo wepurazi remudhorobha rine hunyanzvi raive rakamiswa muHudson River (New York). Ipapo ndipo apo zvitoro zvikuru pasi rose zvakacherekedza kudiwa kuri kuwedzera kwemirivo mitsva, inorimwa imomo.
Nekuda kwekuti 98% yelettuce inotengeswa muzvitoro zvikuru zveUS inorimwa muCalifornia muzhizha uye muArizona munguva yechando, mutengo wayo (unosanganisira mutengo wemvura, unodhura kumadokero kwenyika) wakakwira zvakanyanya. . MuPennsylvania, Bright Farms yakasaina kondirakiti nechitoro cheko, yakagamuchira chikwereti chemutero chekugadzira mabasa mudunhu, uye yakatenga purazi remahekita zana nemakumi maviri. Iri purazi, iro rinoshandisa mvura inonaya pamusoro pedenga remba uye masisitimu akatwasuka senge Saleb Harper's, inotengesa madhora miriyoni maviri anokosha emiti yaro yemhando gore negore kuzvitoro zvikuru muNew York uye pedyo nePhiladelphia.
"Tinopa imwe nzira kune inodhura, kwete-yakatsva yeWest Coast greens," Lightfoot anodaro. - Miti inoparara inodhura zvikuru kutakura munyika yose. Saka uyu ndiwo mukana wedu wekusuma chigadzirwa chiri nani, chitsva. Hatifanirwe kushandisa mari pakutakura daro refu. Yedu yakakosha tsika dziri kunze kweiyo tekinoroji. Hutsva hwedu ndiyo bhizinesi modhi pachayo. Isu takagadzirira kuita chero tekinoroji inozotibvumidza kuwana mhedzisiro. "
Lightfoot inotenda kuti mapurazi emidziyo haazombokwanisa kuwana nzvimbo muzvitoro zvikuru nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekubhadhara. "Kune mamwe niches chaiwo, senge magirini anodhura emaresitorendi akasarudzika," Lightfoot anodaro. “Asi hazvishande nekumhanya kwandiri kushanda nako. Kunyangwe midziyo yakadaro inogona, semuenzaniso, kukandwa munhandare yemauto emugungwa muAfghanistan. "
Zvakadaro, zvitsva mukurima zvinounza mukurumbira nemari. Izvi zvinova pachena paunotarisa purazi, riri mamita makumi matatu nematatu pasi pemigwagwa yeNorth Capham (nzvimbo yeLondon). Kuno, mune yaimbova Hondo Yenyika I inorwisa mhepo, muzvinabhizimusi Stephen Dring nevamwe vake vakakwidza miriyoni imwe yemadhora kuti vashandure nzvimbo yedhorobha kuti vagadzire kurima kwepamusoro-soro uye kunobatsira, uye kubudirira kurima lettuce nemamwe magirini.
Kambani yake, ZeroCarbonFood (ZCF, Zero Emission Food), inokura girinhi mumaraki akatwasuka ichishandisa “tide” system: mvura inosuka pamusoro pezvinomera zvinomera zvobva zvaunganidzwa (zvakasimbiswa nemiti) kuti ishandiswezve. Iyo yakasvibira inodyarwa muvhu rekugadzira rakagadzirwa kubva kumakapeti akadzokororwa kubva kuOlympic Village muStratford. Magetsi anoshandiswa pakuvheneka anobva kumagetsi madiki emagetsi emagetsi. “Tine mvura yakawanda muLondon,” anodaro Dring. "Saka tinoisa maturbine mumvura inoyerera, uye anotipa simba." Dring iri kushandawo mukugadzirisa rimwe rematambudziko makuru nekukura kwakamira: kuchengetedza kupisa. "Tiri kuongorora kuti kupisa kunogona kubviswa sei uye kushandurwa kuita magetsi, uye kuti carbon dioxide inogona kushandiswa sei - inoita senge steroid pazvirimwa."
Kumabvazuva kweJapan, iyo yakarohwa zvakanyanya nekudengenyeka kwenyika uye tsunami muna 2001, nyanzvi yezvemiti inozivikanwa yakashandura yaimbova fekitari yeSony semiconductor kuva purazi rechipiri pakukura pasirese. Nenzvimbo inosvika 2300 m2, purazi rinovhenekera ne17500 low-energy electrodes (yakagadzirwa neGeneral Electric), uye inobereka 10000 misoro yemashizha pazuva. Kambani iri shure kwepurazi - Mirai ("Mirai" zvinoreva "ramangwana" muchiJapane) - iri kutoshanda nevanjiniya veGE kuti vagadzire "fekitari inokura" muHong Kong neRussia. Shigeharu Shimamura, uyo ari kuita kuti chirongwa ichi chiitwe, akaronga zvirongwa zvake zvenguva yemberi neiyi nzira: “Pakupedzisira, tagadzirira kutanga kusimudzira maindasitiri okurima.”
Iko hakuna kushaikwa kwemari muchikamu chezvekurima chesainzi izvozvi, uye izvi zvinogona kuoneka munhamba iri kukura yezvitsva, kubva kune izvo zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwemba (kune akawanda mapurojekiti anonakidza paKickstarter, semuenzaniso, Niwa, iyo inokutendera iwe kurima madomasi kumba mune smartphone-inodzorwa hydroponic chirimwa), kune yepasirese. Silicon Valley hofori yehupfumi SVGPartners, semuenzaniso, yabatana nemauto neForbes kuita musangano wepasi rose wezvekurima gore rinouya. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti zvichatora nguva yakareba - makore gumi kana anopfuura - kuti kurima kwehunyanzvi kuhwine chikamu chakakosha chepasi rose indasitiri yechikafu.
"Chakanyanya kukosha ndechekuti isu hatina mari yekufambisa, hapana hutsi uye kushomeka kwekushandisa," anodaro Harper. Imwe pfungwa inofadza iyo musayendisiti akacherechedza: rimwe zuva tichakwanisa kudarika maitiro emunharaunda ekukura kwemiti yemiti. Maresitorendi anorima miriwo kune kuravira kwavo, kunze chaiko, mumidziyo yakakosha. Nokushandura chiedza, acid-base balance, mineral composition of the water, kana kunyanya kuderedza kudiridza, vanogona kudzora kuravira kwemiriwo - toti, ita kuti saladhi inotapira. Zvishoma nezvishoma, nenzira iyi unogona kugadzira yako yemhando yemiriwo. “Pachange pasisina ‘mazambiringa akanakisisa anomera pano nepapo’,” anodaro Harper. - "Zvichava" mazambiringa akanakisa anorimwa papurazi iri muBrooklyn. Uye chard yakanakisa inobva kupurazi iri muBrooklyn. Izvi zvinoshamisa”.
Google ichashandisa zvakawanikwa naHarper uye dhizaini yake diki mune yekudyira yeMountain View muzinda wavo kupa vashandi chikafu chitsva, chine hutano. Akafonerwawo nekambani yekotoni achibvunza kana zvaikwanisika kurima donje mune yakasarudzika greenhouse yakadaro (Harper haana chokwadi - pamwe zvinogoneka). Chirongwa chaHarper, cheOpenAgProject, chakwezva kutarisisa kubva kuvadzidzi nemakambani everuzhinji muChina, India, Central America, uye United Arab Emirates. Uye mumwe mubatsiri ari padyo nekumba, Michigan State University, yave kuda kushandura yaimbove 4600-square-foot-warehouse yemotokari kunze kweDetroit kuita ichave "fekitori yemiriwo" huru pasi rose. “Ndeipi nzvimbo yakanakisa yekunzwisisa otomatiki, kana isiri muDetroit? Harper anobvunza. - Uye vamwe vachiri kubvunza kuti, "chii chiri shanduko itsva yeindasitiri?" Ndizvo zvaari!”
* Aeroponics inzira yekukura zvirimwa mumhepo pasina kushandisa ivhu, umo kudya kunounzwa kumidzi yezvirimwa nenzira yeaerosol.
** Aquaponics - high technzira yekurima ine musoro inosanganisa aquaculture - kukura mhuka dzemumvura uye hydroponics - kurima zvirimwa pasina ivhu.
***Hydroponics inzira isina ivhu yekurima zvirimwa. Chirimwa chine midzi yayo kwete muvhu, asi mumhepo yakanyorova (mvura, yakanyatsofefeterwa; yakasimba, asi ine hunyoro- uye ine mhepo-inopinza uye pane porous) yepakati, yakanyatsozadzwa nemaminerari, nekuda kwemhinduro dzakakosha. Nzvimbo yakadaro inobatsira kune oxygenation yakanaka ye rhizomes yemiti.