Hasha dzedu kune avo vakarwara nekoronavirus dzinobvepi?

Kune munhu wemazuva ano akajaira mararamiro anoshingaira, kutyisidzira kunokonzerwa nedenda uye kukosha kwekugara pamba chinhu chinotyisa uye kunyange surreal chiitiko. Chinowedzera kunyonganiso iyi inhau uye dzidziso dzekurangana dzakatsikiswa pamhepo, dzimwe dzacho dzinoisa kupokana pane chokwadi. Uye hazvisi nyore kujaira chokwadi pachako.

Munhu haasi chirwere

Nyanzvi yepfungwa uye muongorori Patrick Corrigan, mupepeti weAmerican Psychological Association's Journal of Stigma and Health, anoti tiri munzvimbo isina kutaurwa kana tasvika padenda uye nyaya dzerusarura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chiitiko chemafungiro asina kunaka, kuparadzaniswa uye kusarura kwevanhu kune avo vakarwara mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hazvina kuongororwa nesayenzi yemazuva ano. Anoongorora nyaya uye anogovera ongororo yake yemamiriro ezvinhu.

Mukuona kwake, nyonganiso huru inova nzvimbo inoberekera stereotypes, rusaruro uye rusarura. Izvo zvinotaridzika zve psyche zvinopa matiri kudiwa kwekunzwisisa zviitiko, kunyanya zvinotyisidzira uye zvisati zvamboitika. Nei denda re coronavirus richikanganisa vanhu? Imhosva yei?

Mhinduro iri pachena ndihwo utachiona pachahwo. Isu senzanga tinogona kuuya pamwechete kurwisa kutyisidzira, tichiedza kumisa kupararira kwayo nekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.

Dambudziko rerusarura rinomuka kana utachiona nemunhu anorwara zvasangana mupfungwa dzedu. Muchiitiko ichi, tinoshandura mubvunzo kubva "Chii chinokonzera?" kuti "Ndiani ane mhosva?" Kwemakore makumi maviri ekutsvagisa kwakaratidza kuti kuita chiseko, kunyorerwa munharaunda kwevanhu vane zvimwe zvirwere, kunogona kukuvadza sechirwere chacho.

Muzvinafundo Corrigan vanotaura nezvemienzaniso isina musoro yekupararira kwekunetsekana nezve coronavirus. Semuenzaniso, yainzi "Chinese", uye tsanangudzo iyi haiiti zvachose kunzwisisa kwekutyisidzira, asi inowedzera moto wekunyanyisa kwemarudzi. Izvi, muongorori anonyora, injodzi yekusarurwa: izwi rakafanana rinowanzobatanidza chiitiko chedenda nerusaruraganda.

Vanhu vanoshorwa mumagariro evanhu vakabatwa nehutachiona

Ndiani anogona kukanganiswa nekusarurwa kweiyo coronavirus? Vanonyanya kushungurudzwa vanhu vane zviratidzo kana mhedzisiro yebvunzo yakanaka. Nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu Irving Hoffman angati nekuda kwehutachiona, kuzivikanwa kwavo "kwakashatiswa", "kusvibiswa", izvo, mumeso evamwe, zvinoita sezviri kururamisa rusaruro kwavari. Mhuri uye denderedzwa revanozivana vanozowedzerwa kune vanorwara - ivo vanozoshorwawo.

Vatsvagiri vakafunga kuti imwe yemhedzisiro yekusarurana kushamwaridzana. Vanoshorwa mumagariro, "vakaora" vanhu vanodziviswa nenzanga. Munhu anogona kunzvenga seane maperembudzi, kana kuti kure kure nepfungwa.

Corrigan, uyo anotsvakurudza kunyadziswa kwevanhu vane zvirwere zvepfungwa, anonyora kuti izvi zvinogona kuzviratidza munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Maererano naye, munhu ane “rusarura” rwezvimwe zvirwere angarambwa nevadzidzisi, asingapiwi basa nevashandirwi, kunyimwa rendi nevaridzi vemba, vezvitendero vangasamugamuchira mumapoka avo, uye vanachiremba vangaregeredzwa.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu neconavirus, izvi zvakaiswa pamusoro pekudiwa chaiko kwekuchengeta chinhambwe kuitira kudzikisa huwandu hwehutachiona. Masangano ehutano anokurudzira, kana zvichibvira, kuti usasvike kune vamwe vanhu nemamita anopfuura 1,5-2. "Njodzi yekusemwa inomuka kana chinhambwe kubva kuhutachiona chasanganiswa nechinhambwe kubva kumunhu ane hutachiona," Corrigan anonyora.

Asina kumbokurudzira kuti kurudziro yekufambiswa kwenharaunda irege kufuratirwa uye nekuziva kukosha kwechiyero ichi kudzikisa kupararira kwekoronavirus, anokurudzira panguva imwecheteyo kuti vafunge nezve chiseko chinogona kupararira kune munhu ane hutachiona.

Ngozi kusarura

Saka chii chekuita nezvekusarura panguva yedenda? Chekutanga pane zvese, anodaro Corrigan, unofanirwa kudaidza foshoro. Ziva kuti pane dambudziko. Vanhu vanorwara vanogona kusarurwa uye kusaremekedzwa, uye izvi hazvina kunaka semhando ipi neipi yerusaruraganda, rusaruraganda uye zera. Asi chirwere hachina kufanana nemunhu chaanenge abata, uye zvakakosha kuti aparadzanise mumwe kubva kune mumwe.

Kushorwa munharaunda kwevanorwara kunovakuvadza munzira nhatu. Chekutanga, kuita chiseko cheveruzhinji. Kana vanhu vanoona vanhu vanorwara se "vakapambwa", izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune imwe nzira yerusarura uye kukuvadza.

Chechipiri, kuzvishora. Vanhu vanotapukirwa nehutachiona kana kuvhenekwa nehutachiona vanoisa mukati meiyo stereotypes inoisirwa nzanga uye vanozviona ivo "vakaparara" kana "tsvina". Kwete chete kuti hosha pachayo yakaoma kurwisa, vanhu vachiri kufanira kunyara ivo pachavo.

Chechitatu kudziviswa kwemavara. Irving Goffman akati kushora kunobatanidzwa nechiratidzo chakajeka uye chinocherechedzwa: ruvara rweganda kana zvasvika pakusarura, chimiro chemuviri mukusarurana, kana, semuenzaniso, grey bvudzi muzera. Zvisinei, munyaya yezvirwere, zvinhu zvose zvakasiyana, nokuti zvakavanzwa.

Hapana anoziva kuti ndeupi wevanhu zana vakaungana mukamuri mutakuri weCCIDID-19, kusanganisira, pamwe, iye pachake. Kusarura kunoitika kana zita raonekwa: "Uyu ndiMax, ane hutachiona." Uye mavara anowanzo kuoneka ane chekuita neruzivo rwekuongororwa kana kurapwa. “Ndangoona Max achibuda murabhoritari uko vari kunovhenekwa coronavirus. Anofanira kunge akatapukirwa!»

Zviripachena, vanhu vanodzivirira kunyorwa mazita, zvinoreva kuti vangangonyara kuongororwa kana kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kana vakaonekwa vaine hutachiwana.

Nzira yekushandura sei mamiriro acho ezvinhu?

Muzvinyorwa zvesainzi, nzira mbiri dzekushandura rusarura dzinogona kuwanikwa: dzidzo uye kuonana.

dzidzo

Huwandu hwengano dzechirwere ichi hunodzikiswa kana vanhu vachidzidza chokwadi nezve kutapurirana kwayo, kufungidzira uye kurapwa. Sekutaura kwaCorrigan, munhu wese anogona kubatsira nekubatsira kudzidzisa veruzhinji nezvezvinhu izvi. Nzvimbo dzenhau dzepamutemo dzinogara dzichiburitsa ruzivo runobatsira nezvechirwere.

Zvinonyanya kukosha kusatsigira kuparadzirwa kwemashoko asina kuvimbiswa uye kazhinji enhema. Pakave nezviitiko zvakawanda zvakadai, uye kuedza kubata nemigumisiro yemashoko asina kunaka kunogona kukonzera kukakavara uye kutukana - ndiko kuti, hondo yemafungiro, kwete kupanana ruzivo. Panzvimbo iyoyo, Corrigan anokurudzira kugovera sainzi kuseri kwedenda uye kukurudzira vaverengi kuti vafunge.

udza mashoko

Mukuona kwake, iyi ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yokubvisa nayo manzwiro asina kunaka mumunhu anenge aitwa chiseko. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kudyidzana pakati pevanhu vakadai nenzanga ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekubvisa zvinokuvadza zverusarura.

Maitiro aCorrigan anosanganisira vatengi vanorwara nepfungwa avo kudyidzana nevamwe ndiyo nzira inoshanda yekutsiva rusarura nerusarura nepfungwa dzekuvimbika nerukudzo. Iyi nzira inonyanya kushanda munyaya yekukurukurirana nevezera, vanhu vane maitiro akafanana evanhu. Naizvozvo, kutaurirana pakati peavo "vakaiswa chiratidzo" neconavirus uye veruzhinji kunobatsira kubvisa rusarura kubva kune yekutanga uye kuita mutsauko.

Murwere anogona zvimwe kutsanangura kunzwa kwake, kutya, kutya uye zvakaitika panguva yokurwara, kana kuti kutaura nezvechirwere chacho, atopora, achifara pamwe chete nevateereri vanomunzwira tsitsi kana kuti vaverengi nezvekupora kwake. Vose vari kurwara uye vakapora, anoramba akafanana nevamwe vose, munhu ane chiremerera uye ane kodzero yekuremekedzwa nekugamuchirwa.

Mune zvimwe zvirwere, kusangana kwehupenyu kunonyanya kushanda. Nekudaro, panguva yekuvharirwa, hongu, ichave midhiya uye online. "Vekutanga-munhu mablogiki nemavhidhiyo apo vanhu vane COVID-19 vanotaura nyaya dzehutachiona, kurwara, uye kupora zvichave nemhedzisiro yakanaka pamaitiro everuzhinji uye kuderedza rusarura," akadaro Corrigan. "Zvichida mavhidhiyo enguva-chaiyo achave nekukanganisa kwakanyanya, kunyanya ayo ekuti vataridzi vazvionere vega kukanganisa kwechirwere pahupenyu hwemumwe munhu."

Positively inokanganisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye chokwadi chekuti vanozivikanwa havatyi kubvuma kuti vane hutachiona. Vamwe vanotsanangura manzwiro avo. Izvi zvinopa vanhu pfungwa yekuve vanhu uye zvinoderedza rusarura. Nekudaro, zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti mazwi enyeredzi ane simba shoma pane kusangana neavhareji uye padyo nemunhu kwatiri - waunoshanda naye, muvakidzani kana waunodzidza naye.

Mushure medenda

Mushandirapamwe wekurwisa rusarura unofanirwa kuenderera mberi mushure mekupera kwedenda, nyanzvi inotenda. Muchokwadi, mhedzisiro yehutachiona hwepasi rose inogona kunge iri maitiro asina kunaka kune vanhu vakapora kubva kukoronavirus. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekutya uye kuvhiringidzika, vanogona kuramba vachishorwa mumeso evanhu kwenguva yakareba.

"Kuonana ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekugadzirisa izvi," anodzokorora Patrick Corrigan. "Mushure medenda, isu tinofanirwa kuisa parutivi pfungwa dziripo dzekushamwaridzana nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye kukurudzira kutarisana kumeso. Izvo zvinodikanwa kudaidza misangano yeruzhinji apo vanhu vakapfuura nechirwere ichi vachataura nezve ruzivo rwavo nekupora kwavo. Muuyo mukurusa unowanikwa kana vakakwaziswa noruremekedzo, zvapachokwadi navanhu vanokosha, kubatanidza avo vane chiremera chakati.

Tariro nerukudzo ndiyo mishonga ichatibatsira kubata nedenda iri. Vachabatsirawo kugadzirisa dambudziko rekusemwa rinogona kuzomuka mune ramangwana. “Ngatitarisirei chigadzikiso chayo pamwe chete, tichigoverana tsika idzi,” anokurudzira kudaro Purofesa Corrigan.

Nezve Munyori: Patrick Corrigan inyanzvi yepfungwa uye muongorori anonyanya kushamwaridzana nevanhu vane kusagadzikana kwepfungwa.