White howa (Boletus edulis)
- Chikamu: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Kupatsanura: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Kirasi: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- Order: Boletales (Boletales)
- Mhuri: Boletaceae (Boletaceae)
- Genus: Boletus
- Type: Boletus edulis (Cep)
Porcini (Iye t. boletus edulis) ihowa kubva kurudzi rwe boletus.
Ngowani:
Rudzi rwechivharo che porcini mushroom, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekukura, rinosiyana kubva kune chena kusvika kune yakasviba, dzimwe nguva (kunyanya mupine uye spruce marudzi) ane tsvuku tsvuku. Chimiro chechivharo chinotanga hemispherical, gare gare cushion-shaped, convex, yakanyanya nyama, kusvika 25 cm muhupamhi. Kumusoro kwechivharo kwakatsetseka, zvishoma velvety. Iyo pulp yakachena, yakakora, yakakora, haichinji ruvara kana yatsemuka, isinganhuwidzi, ine inonaka nutty kuravira.
Gumbo:
Iyo porcini mushroom ine gumbo rakakura kwazvo, rinosvika masendimita makumi maviri kureba, kusvika 20 cm mukobvu, rakasimba, cylindrical, rakawedzera pabhesi, chena kana tsvuku tsvuku, ine mesh mesh pateni muchikamu chepamusoro. Sezvo mutemo, chikamu chakakosha chegumbo chiri pasi pevhu, mumarara.
Spore layer:
Pakutanga chena, zvino zvakatevedzana kushanduka yero uye yegirini. Mapores madiki, akatenderedzwa.
Spore powder:
Olive brown.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzefungus chena dzinokura mumasango ane deciduous, coniferous uye akavhenganiswa kubva pakutanga kwezhizha kusvika Gumiguru (zvichienderana), achigadzira mycorrhiza nemhando dzakasiyana dzemiti. Zvibereko mune izvo zvinonzi "mafungu" (mukutanga kwaJune, pakati paJuly, August, etc.). Mhepo yekutanga, sekutonga, haina kunyanya kuwanda, nepo imwe yemafungu anotevera inowanzoita zvisingaenzaniswi kupfuura mamwe.
Gall fungus (Tylopilus felleus)
muhuduku inoratidzika sehowa chena (gare gare inova yakawanda se boletus (Leccinum scabrum)). Iyo inosiyana kubva kune chena nduru howa kunyanya mukuvava, izvo zvinoita kuti howa iyi isadyike zvachose, pamwe nepingish ruvara rwetubular layer, inoshanduka pink (zvinosuruvarisa, dzimwe nguva yakanyanya kusimba) panguva yekuzorora nenyama uye yakasviba mesh pateni. pagumbo. Zvinogonawo kucherechedzwa kuti pulp ye gall fungus inogara yakachena zvisina kujairika uye isina kubatwa nehonye, nepo mu porcini fungus unonzwisisa ...
Kazhinji muoki (Suillellus luridus)
uye Boletus eruthropus - maoki akajairika, akavhiringidzika nefungus chena. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti pulp yeporcini mushroom haambochinji ruvara, yakasara yakachena kunyange musobho, izvo zvisingagoni kutaurwa pamusoro peanoshingaira maoki ebhuruu.
Nekurudyi inoonekwa seyakanakisa howa. Inoshandiswa chero ipi zvayo.
Kurimwa kwemaindasitiri ewhite fungus hakuna pundutso, saka inozvarwa chete nevarimi vehowa veamateur.
Pakurima, zvakakosha kutanga pane zvese kugadzira mamiriro ekuumbwa kwe mycorrhiza. Midziyo yemumba inoshandiswa, painosimwa miti inodonha uye coniferous, hunhu hwekugara kwefungus, kana nzvimbo dzesango dzesango dzakaparadzaniswa. Zvakanakisisa kushandisa mashizha maduku uye kudyara (pazera remakore 5-10) yebirch, oak, pine kana spruce.
Pakupera kwe6 - kutanga kwezana remakore rechi8. Munyika Yedu, nzira iyi yaive yakajairika: howa hwainyanya kuibva hwaichengetwa kwerinenge zuva mumvura uye hwakasanganiswa, hwozosefetwa uye nokudaro kumiswa kwespores kwakawanikwa. Aidiridza munda pasi pemiti. Parizvino, yakakura yakagadzirwa mycelium inogona kushandiswa kudyara, asi kazhinji zvinhu zvakasikwa zvinotorwa. Iwe unogona kutora tubular layer yehowa yakakura (pazera remazuva 20-30), iyo yakaomeswa zvishoma uye yakadyarwa pasi pevhu marara muzvidimbu zviduku. Mushure mekudyara, mbeu dzinogona kukohwewa mugore rechipiri kana rechitatu. Dzimwe nguva ivhu rine mycelium rakatorwa musango rinoshandiswa sembesa: nzvimbo yakaenzana 10-15 cm muhukuru uye 1-2 cm yakadzika inochekwa kumativi akawanikwa machena mushroom ane banga rakapinza. manyowa ebhiza uye kuwedzera kuduku kwehuni yakaora yehuni, panguva yekugadzira manyowa, inodiridza ne 3% solution yeammonium nitrate. Zvadaro, munzvimbo ine mumvuri, ivhu revhu rinobviswa uye humus inoiswa muzvikamu 5-7, ichidurura zvidimbu nevhu. Mycelium yakasimwa pamubhedha unoguma kusvika pakadzika XNUMX-XNUMX centimita, mubhedha wakanyoroveswa uye wakafukidzwa nejira remashizha.
Goho refungus jena rinosvika 64-260 kg/ha pamwaka.