Mukati
“Kumba ndiko kwaunonzwa zvakanaka” kana kuti “Havasarudzi nyika yokumusha kwavo”? "Tine hurumende yatinofanirwa" kana "Aya ndiwo ese manomano evavengi"? Chii chinofanira kutorwa sekuda nyika: kuvimbika kuNyika yeBaba kana kutsoropodza zvine musoro uye kufona kuti udzidze kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira? Zvinoratidza kuti kuda nyika kwakasiyana nekuda nyika.
Makore mashoma apfuura, isu paMoscow Institute of Psychoanalysis takatanga kuita chidzidzo chepasi rose chepfungwa yekuda nyika.1. Vatori vechikamu vakapindura mibvunzo, vachiratidza mafungiro avo kumashoko akadai: "Pfungwa yekuda nyika yakakosha kwandiri", "Ndine chikwereti chezvandinazvo kunyika yangu", "Ndinogumburwa nevanhu vanotaura zvakaipa nyika yangu”, “Ini hazvina basa kana nyika yangu ichitukwa kunze kwenyika”, “Hutungamiri hwenyika ipi neipi, hunoti tive nehanya nenyika, hunobata munhu chete”, “Unokwanisa kuda nyika yaunogara, kana ichikoshesa. iwe”, zvichingodaro.
Tichigadzirisa mhedzisiro, takaona mhando nhatu dzehunhu hwekuda nyika: ideological, dambudziko, uye conformal.
IDEOLOGICAL PATRIOTISM: "HANDIZIVE IMWE NYIKA yakadai"
Vanhu ava vanogara vachiona uye musapotsa mukana wekuratidza kupenda nyika, pamwe ne "kudzidzisa" mune vamwe. Vakatarisana nemaonero asiri erudzi, vanopindura zvinorwadza kwavari: "Ndinotenga chiRussia chete", "Handizomboregi zvandinotenda, ndakagadzirira kutambura nekuda kweimwe pfungwa!"
Kuda nyika kwakadaro chibereko chekushambadzira kwezvematongerwo enyika uye propaganda mukutarisana nekumanikidzwa kwakasimba kwevanhu uye kusava nechokwadi kweruzivo. Ideological patriots vane zvakawanda zvakafanana kune mumwe nemumwe. Sezvo mutemo, vanhu vakadaro vakasimba kwete zvakanyanya mu erudition semuunyanzvi hunoshanda.
Vanobvumira pfungwa imwe chete yekuona, kwete kufunga kuti ikozvino kana yekare yenyika inogona kutariswa nenzira dzakasiyana.
Kazhinji, ivo vanosimbisa zvechitendero uye vanotsigira zviremera mune zvese (uye iyo yakasimba chinzvimbo chesimba, kupenya kwavanoratidza kuda nyika yavo). Kana zviremera zvikachinja chimiro chazvo, zvinongogamuchira zviri nyore kombamiro idzo dzakanga dzichirwisana nokushingaira kutozosvikira nguva pfupi yapfuura. Zvisinei, kana hurumende pachayo ichichinja, vanoomerera kune maonero ekare uye vanoenda mumusasa wekupikisa hurumende itsva.
Kuda nyika yavo kuda nyika yekutenda. Vanhu vakadaro havakwanisi kuteerera kune vanopikisa, vanowanzobata-bata, vanowanzoita tsika dzakanyanyisa, vanoita zvechisimba kune "kukanganisa" kwekuzviremekedza kwavo. Ideological patriots vari kwese kwese kutsvaga vavengi vekunze nevemukati uye vakagadzirira kurwisa.
Kusimba kwevanoda nyika ndiko kuda kurongeka, kugona kushanda muchikwata, kuda kupira hupenyu hwemunhu uye nyaradzo nekuda kwekutendwa, husina simba hushoma hwekuongorora uye kusakwanisa kubvumirana. Vanhu vakadaro vanotenda kuti kuti ugadzire nyika ine simba, zvakakosha kuti uende mukurwisana nevaya vanodzivirira izvi.
DAMBUDZIKO KUDA KUTI: "TINOGONA KUITA ZVAKANAKA"
Vane dambudziko vanoda nyika havawanzo taura pachena uye nepathos nezve manzwiro avo kune nyika yavo yekuzvarwa. Vanoitira hanya zvikuru kugadzirisa zvinetso zvenzanga nezvemari. Ivo "vanorwara pamwoyo" kune zvese zvinoitika muRussia, vane ruzivo rwakakura rwekururamisira. Mukuona kwevanoda nyika, vanhu vakadaro, hongu, "nguva dzose vasingagutsikani nezvose", "havadi nyika yavo", uye kazhinji "havasi vahedheni".
Kazhinji, rudzi urwu rwehunhu hwekuda nyika hunowanikwa muvanhu vakangwara, vakadzidza uye vasina chinamato, vane ruzivo rwakakura uye kugona kwenjere. Vanoshanda munzvimbo dzisina hukama nebhizinesi hombe, zvematongerwo enyika makuru kana zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro muhurumende.
Vakawanda vavo vanowanzoenda kunze kwenyika, asi vanoda kugara uye kushanda muRussia
Ivo vanofarira tsika yenyika dzakasiyana - kusanganisira yavo. Ivo havafungi kuti nyika yavo yakashata kana kuti iri nani kupfuura vamwe, asi vanotsoropodza zvimiro zvesimba uye vanotenda kuti matambudziko mazhinji anosanganisirwa nehutongi husina basa.
Kana ideological patriotism iri mhedzisiro yepropaganda, zvino dambudziko rinoumbwa mukati mekuita basa rekuongorora remunhu pachake. Haibvi pakutenda kana pakuda kubudirira kwemunhu, asi papfungwa yebasa uye mutoro.
Kusimba kwevanhu verudzi urwu ndiko kuzvitsoropodza ivo pachavo, kusavapo kwepathos mukutaura kwavo, kukwanisa kuongorora mamiriro acho ezvinhu uye kuzviona kubva kunze, kukwanisa kunzwa vamwe uye kukwanisa kuverenga nemafungiro anopikisa. Weak - kusabatana, kusakwanisa uye kusada kuumba mubatanidzwa uye masangano.
Vamwe vane chokwadi chekuti matambudziko anogona kugadziriswa ivo pachavo pasina chiito chakasimba pane yavo, vamwe vanotenda mune yekutanga "yakanaka chimiro chemunhu", humanism uye kururamisira.
Kusiyana nemafungiro ekuda nyika, dambudziko rekuda nyika ndiro rakanyanya kushanda munharaunda, asi rinowanzoshorwa nevakuru.
CONFORMAL PATRIOTISM: "FIGARO HERE, FIGARO IKO"
Rudzi rwakafanana rwemaitiro ekuda nyika anoratidzwa nevaya vasinganyanyi kukoshesa nyika yavo. Zvisinei, havagoni kuonekwa se "unpatriots". Kukurukurirana kana kushanda pamwe chete nevanoda nyika, vanogona kufara zvechokwadi kubudirira kweRussia. Asi kusarudza pakati pezvido zvenyika nezvido zvevanhu, vanhu vakadaro vanogara vachisarudza kugara zvakanaka, havambokanganwi nezvavo.
Kazhinji vanhu vakadai vanotora zvinzvimbo zvehutungamiriri zvinobhadharwa zvakanaka kana kuita mabasa ebhizimusi. Vamwe vane zvivakwa kunze kwenyika. Vanosarudzawo kurapwa uye kudzidzisa vana vavo kune dzimwe nyika, uye kana mukana wokutama ukavapo, havazokundikani kuushandisa.
Izvo zviri nyore zvakaenzana kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu apo hurumende inochinja maitiro ayo kune chimwe chinhu uye kana hurumende pachayo ichichinja.
Maitiro avo chiratidzo chekuenderana nemagariro, apo "kuva munhu anofarira nyika kunobatsira, kuri nyore kana kugamuchirwa"
Masimba avo kushingaira uye kutevedzera mutemo, kusava nesimba kwavo ndiko kukurumidza kuchinja kwekutenda, kusakwanisa kupa zvibayiro zvemunhu nekuda kwezvido zvevanhu kana kuuya mukupokana nevamwe kuti vagadzirise kwete yega, asi dambudziko revanhu.
Vazhinji vevakabvunzwa vakapinda muchidzidzo ichi ndeverudzi urwu. Saka, somuenzaniso, vamwe vatori vechikamu, vadzidzi vezvikoro zvepamusoro zveMoscow, vakanyatsoratidza mafungiro emhando yekuda nyika, uye vakabva vadzidza kune dzimwe nyika uye vakati vanoda kutamira kune dzimwe nyika kuti vaone zvavanogona "kuti vabatsirwe neMotherland, asi kunze kwemiganhu yayo «.
Zvakanga zvakafanana nezuro dambudziko patriots: nokufamba kwenguva, vakachinja mafungiro uye vakataura nezvechido chekutamira kune dzimwe nyika, nokuti vakanga vasina kugutsikana nekuchinja munyika iyo inoita kuti "vasiye vagari vemo vanoshingaira", uye kunzwisisa kuti ivo. kusakwanisa kushandura mamiriro acho ezvinhu kuti ave nani.
KUFUDZWA KWEPOLICIOUS YEKUMHUMBI?
Ideological patriots uye zviremera vane chokwadi chekuti kufarira kwevechidiki mune zvese zvekune dzimwe nyika kunoderedza manzwiro ekuda nyika. Isu takaongorora nyaya iyi, kunyanya, kubatana pakati pemhando dzekuda nyika uye kuongororwa kwemabasa ekunze tsika nehunyanzvi. Isu takafungidzira kuti kufarira nehunyanzvi hwekuMadokero kunogona kukanganisa manzwiro ekuda nyika. Zvidzidzo zvakaongorora mafirimu makumi mashanu nenomwe ekunze uye emumba a57-1957, mimhanzi yemazuva ano yekune dzimwe nyika neyeRussia.
Zvakazoitika kuti vatori vechikamu muchidzidzo vanoongorora bhaisikopo reRussia se "kukura", "kunatswa", "kuzorodza", "ruzivo" uye "mutsa", nepo cinema yekune dzimwe nyika inotanga kutariswa se "stupefying" uye "rough", uye ipapo chete se "inofadza", "inotonhorera", "inofadza", "inokurudzira" uye "inofadza".
Kuyera kwepamusoro kwemabhaisikopo ekunze uye mimhanzi haina chekuita nehuwandu hwekuda nyika yezvidzidzo. Vechidiki vanokwanisa kuongorora zvakakwana kushaya simba kwehunyanzvi hwekutengeserana kunze kwenyika uye zvakanakira, asi vachiramba vari vatsigiri venyika yavo.
Mugumisiro?
Ideological, dambudziko, uye conformist patriots - vanhu vanogara muRussia vanogona kukamurwa muzvikamu izvi. Zvakadini nevaya vakaenda voramba vachituka nyika yavo vari kure? "Sezvo paive ne" scoop ", yakaramba yakafanana", "Zvekuita ikoko, vanhuwo zvavo vose vakasiya ..." Ko munhu anozvipira kune imwe nyika anova mudiwa wenyika itsva? Uye, pakupedzisira, musoro wekuda nyika ucharamba wakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu enyika yeramangwana here? Nguva ichataura.
Mabhuku matatu ezvematongerwo enyika, ehupfumi uye tsika
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1. "Kupesvedzera kwevanhu vakawanda tsika uye kushambadza pamusoro pekunzwa kwekuda nyika yevagari vechidiki veRussia" nerutsigiro rweRFBR (Russian Foundation for Basic Research).