Mukati
Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachifunga kuti zvinobvira kushandisa mishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo pakunetseka kuduku, vamwe vanoita dhimoni mapiritsi uye vanoramba kuanwa kunyange nechirwere chakakomba. Chokwadi chiripi? Ngatibatanei nevarapi vepfungwa.
Antidepressants ndeimwe yemishonga inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Pane maonero ekuti anoshandiswa chete kurwisana nekuora mwoyo, asi boka iri remishonga rinobatsira nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinetso: kushungurudzika-kushungurudzika-phobic, panic attack, irritable bowel syndrome, kurwadziwa kusingaperi uye migraines.
Chii chimwe chakakosha kuziva nezvavo? Nyanzvi dzinoti.
Alina Evdokimova, chiremba wepfungwa:
1. Mishonga inopedza kuora mwoyo yakatanga sei uye rini?
Muna 1951, miedzo yekiriniki yemishonga inorwisa tuberculosis yakaitwa muNew York. Vatsvakurudzi vakakurumidza kuona kuti varwere vanotora mishonga iyi vakatanga kunzwa kunyanduka uye simba rakawandisa, uye vamwe vavo vakatotanga kukanganisa rugare.
Muna 1952, chiremba wepfungwa dzeFrance Jean Delay akashuma kushanda kwemishonga iyi mukurapa kwekuora mwoyo. Ichi chidzidzo chakadzokororwa nevaAmerican psychiatrists - panguva iyoyo muna 1953 apo Max Lurie naHarry Salzer vakadana mishonga iyi "antidepressants."
2. Ko mishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo yenguva itsva inosiyana here neyaichimbova shamwari yayo?
Izvo zvinoratidzirwa nemigumisiro shoma shoma nepamusoro-soro yehutano. New antidepressants inoshanda pane zvinogamuchirwa zvehuropi "zvakanyanya kunanga", zviito zvavo zvinosarudza. Uye zvakare, akawanda matsva anodzvinyirira anobata kwete chete pane serotonin receptors, asiwo pane norepinephrine uye dopamine receptors.
3. Nei mishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo ine migumisiro yakawanda kwazvo?
Kutaura zvazviri, inhema kuti kune dzakawanda kwazvo. Antidepressants ine paavhareji semhedzisiro yakawanda seyakazivikanwa analgin.
Migumisiro yemishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo inokonzerwa nemigumisiro yavo pahuwandu hweserotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, pamwe chete nehistamine receptors, adrenoreceptors uye cholinergic receptors muuropi. Rega ndikupe muenzaniso wangu wandinoda nezve serotonin. Munhu wose anofunga kuti hormone iyi iri muuropi. Asi kutaura zvazviri, 5% chete yeserotonin yese yemuviri iri muuropi! Inonyanya kuwanikwa mune mamwe masero etsinga egastrointestinal turakiti, mumaplatelet, mune mamwe masero ezvirwere.
Nomuzvarirwo, pakutora antidepressants, zviri mu serotonin zvinowedzera kwete muuropi chete, asiwo mumuviri wose. Saka, mumazuva ekutanga ekubvumirwa, kusvotwa uye kusagadzikana mudumbu zvinogoneka. Zvakare, serotonin haina mhosva kwete chete yemafungiro uye kushorwa kwehurongwa hwemitsipa kune ekunze stimuli, asiwo inhibitory neurotransmitter, saka, semuenzaniso, mhedzisiro nenzira yekugona kuderera kwe libido.
Zvinowanzotora vhiki imwe kuti muviri uchinje kune yakashandurwa serotonin yemukati.
4. Zvinoita here kuva muropa nemishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo?
Zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kupindwa muropa zvine huwandu hwemaitiro:
chido chisingadzoreki chekushandisa zvinodhaka
kuvandudzwa kwekushivirira kune chinhu (kuwedzera nguva dzose kwedosi kunodiwa kuti uwane mhedzisiro),
kuvapo kwekusiya zviratidzo (kubvisa, hangover).
Zvose izvi hazvisi maitiro e antidepressants. Hazvikonzeri kuwedzera kwemafungiro, usashandura kuziva, kufunga. Zvisinei, kazhinji nzira yekurapa nemishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo yakareba, saka, kana kurapwa kukavhiringidzwa mberi kwenguva, zviratidzo zvinorwadza zvinogona kudzoka zvakare. Kazhinji imhaka yeizvi vanhuwo zvavo vanodavira kuti mishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo inopindwa muropa.
Anastasia Ermilova, chiremba wepfungwa:
5. Mishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo inoshanda sei?
Kune mapoka akawanda emishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo. Nheyo dzebasa ravo dzinobva pakugadzirisa kweuropi neurotransmitters - semuenzaniso, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine.
Saka, iyo yakanyanya "yakakurumbira" boka remishonga inodzvinyirira - SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) - kuwedzera huwandu hweserotonin mu synaptic cleft. Panguva imwecheteyo, maantidepressants anobatsira pakugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze, asi haakonzeri kufara.
Yechipiri yakakosha nzira yekuita ndeye activation ye neuronal kukura zvinhu. Antidepressants anobatsira kugadzira hukama hutsva muuropi, asi maitiro aya anononoka - saka nguva yekutora mishonga iyi.
6. Maantidepressants anorapa zvechokwadi here kana kuti anoshanda chete panguva yekushandiswa?
Iyo antidepressant mhedzisiro inoitika chete kubva 2-4 mavhiki ekubvumidzwa uye zvakanaka kudzikamisa manzwiro. Kurapwa kwechikamu chekutanga chechirwere ichi kunoitwa kudzamara zviratidzo zvapera, zvozodzivirirwazve kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu - ndiko kuti, kuumbwa kweiyo neural connections "inoziva kurarama pasina kushushikana uye kusagadzikana."
Nezvikamu zvakadzokororwa zvekuora mwoyo, nguva yekurapa inogona kuwedzera, asi kwete nekuda kwekuumbwa kwekutsamira kune antidepressant, asi nekuda kwemaitiro echirwere chechirwere, njodzi dzekudzoka zvakare uye kudiwa kwekushandisa kwenguva refu " tsvimbo” kuti apore.
Pakupera kwekosi yekurapa, chiremba anozodzikisa zvishoma nezvishoma muyero weiyo antidepressant kudzivirira kuregera chirwere uye kubvumira biochemical maitiro muuropi kuti aenderane nekushaikwa kwe "crutch". Saka, kana ukasamira kurapwa pachine nguva, saka haufanire kutendeukira kune antidepressants zvakare.
7. Chii chinoitika kana ukanwa doro paunenge uchitora mishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo?
Chokutanga pane zvose, zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti doro rine zvinopesana, zvinoti "kuora mwoyo". Mumirayiridzo yevose antidepressants, zvinokurudzirwa kusiya doro nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemashoko akavimbika pamusoro pekubatana kwezvinhu izvi.
Mumashoko akajeka: hapana munhu achanyatso kukupa mhinduro uye chero vimbiso kumubvunzo "zvinoita here kuva negirazi rewaini yezororo?" Zvinogona kunge zvakashata kune mumwe munhu ane musanganiswa wegirazi rewaini uye mashoma madhizi emishonga inodzvinyirira, uye mumwe munhu anopinda mukudhakwa panguva yekurapwa aine pfungwa "pamwe ichazvitakura panguva ino" - uye inozvitakura (asi izvi kwete chokwadi).
Chii chingava migumisiro yacho? Kuwedzera kudzvinyirira, kuwedzera kwemigumisiro, kufungidzira. Saka zviri nani kuitamba zvakachengeteka!
Oleg Olshansky, chiremba wepfungwa:
8. Mishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo inogona kuparira kuvadziko chaiyoiyo here?
Ini ndaizoshandura izwi rekuti "unza" ku "call". Hongu, vanogona - mushure mezvose, kune mhedzisiro uye contraindication. Antidepressants inorayirwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakanaka uye zvakakodzera. Uye izvi zvinoitwa nachiremba ane mutoro wehutano hwemurwere: zvose zviri pamutemo uye zvetsika.
Ini handisi kuzonyora izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nekutora antidepressants - ingovhura iyo mirairo uye uiverenge nemazvo. Ichatonyorwa ipapo kuti ndeapi chikamu chevanhu vane izvi kana izvo zvakashata uye pasi pemamiriro api hazvibviri kuzvitora.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kana uchiraira kurapwa kweAD ndeyekunyatsoongorora mamiriro emunhu. Chero mushonga unogona kukuvadza. Kushivirira kwega, hutano hwemushonga pachawo uye kunyatsoongororwa kuongororwa kunobata basa pano.
9. Sei mishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo inorayirwa kwete chete kuora mwoyo, asiwo kune zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa?
Pane dzidziso dzakawanda pamusoro pezvikonzero zvekuora mwoyo. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa kwavari inobva pakuti munhu ane kushayikwa kwe monoamines (neurotransmitters) - serotonin, dopamine uye norepinephrine. Asi iyo yakafanana sisitimu yemonoamines inoita basa rinotungamira mukuvandudzwa kwemamwe matambudziko.
10. Unogona here kutora antidepressants kana iwe usina kuora mwoyo, asi ingori nguva yakaoma muupenyu hwako?
Zvinoenderana nekuti "nguva yakaoma" iyi yakaunza munhu kunei. Zvose zvinoenderana nemanzwiro aanoita. Uye ipapo chiremba anouya kuzonunura, uyo anogona kutarisa uye kuongorora mamiriro emurwere. Nguva yakaoma inogona kukwevera uye kudzika kune iyo "pasi" chaiyo. Uye mishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo inogona kukubatsira kushambira. Zvisinei, iyi haisi piritsi yemashiripiti. Kushandura hupenyu hwako hakusi nyore nguva dzose. Chero nzira, haufanire kuzviongorora wega.