Ahimsa zvinoreva "kusava nechisimba". Kwezviuru zvemakore, pfungwa iyi yakakurudzira zvitendero zvakawanda zvekumabvazuva kusanganisira chitendero chechiHindu. Nhasi munharaunda yedu yekumadokero, kusaita mhirizhonga inhanho yekutanga munzira yeyoga maitiro.

Pfungwa ine rugare

Izwi rekuti "Ahimsa" rinoreva "kusaita zvechisimba" muchiSanskrit. Uyu mutauro weIndo-European wakambotaurwa muIndia subcontinent. Inoramba ichishandiswa mumagwaro echitendero echiHindu nechiBuddha semutauro wedzidziso. Zvakanyanya, "himsa" inoturikira ku "chiito chekukuvadza" uye "a" chivakashure chakazvimiririra. Ahimsa ipfungwa ine runyararo inokurudzira kusakuvadza vamwe kana chero munhu mupenyu.

Pfungwa yechitendero neyekumabvazuva

Ahimsa ipfungwa yakakurudzira akati wandei ezvitendero zvekumabvazuva. Iyi ndiyo yekutanga nyaya yeHinduism inova imwe yezvitendero zvekare zvevamwari vakawanda munyika (zvinyorwa zvekutanga zvakanyorwa pakati pe1500 ne600 BC). Iyo Indian subcontinent ichiri nhasi nzvimbo yayo huru yehuwandu uye inoramba iri yechitatu chitendero chinoitwa zvakanyanya pasi rose. MuchiHindu, kusaita zvechisimba kunofananidzirwa namwarikadzi Ahimsa, mudzimai waMwari Dharma uye amai vaMwari Vishnu. Kusaita zvechisimba ndiwo wekutanga pamirairo mishanu iyo iyo yogi (Hindu ascetic anoita yoga) inofanira kuzviisa pasi. Maupanishad mazhinji (zvinyorwa zvechitendero chechiHindu) anotaura nezvekusava nechisimba. Pamusoro pezvo, Ahimsa inotsanangurwawo mugwaro rekutanga retsika yechiHindu: Mitemo yaManu, asiwo munhoroondo dzengano dzechiHindu (dzakadai semaepic eMahabharata naRâmâyana).

Ahimsa zvakare ipfungwa huru yeJainism. Chitendero ichi chakazvarwa muIndia kutenderedza XNUMXth century BC. J.-Cet akaparadzana nechiHindu pakuti haazivi mwari upi noupi kunze kwokuziva kwomunhu.

Ahimsa zvakare inokurudzira Buddhism. Ichi chinamato chekusaziva (chisina kubva pakuvapo kwehumwari) chakatangira kuIndia muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC. AD Yakavambwa naSiddhartha Gautama anozivikanwa sa "Buddha", mutungamiri wemweya wenharaunda yemamongi anodzungaira achabereka chiBuddha. Chitendero ichi kusvika nhasi ndicho chechina chechinamato chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Ahimsa haiwaniki mumagwaro ekare echiBhudha, asi kusava nechisimba kunogara kuchirehwa ipapo.

Ahimsa zvakare aripamoyo we sikhism (Chitendero cheIndia chimwechete chinobuda pa15^st zana remakore): rinotsanangurwa naKabir, mudetembi weIndia akachenjera achiri kuremekedzwa nanhasi nevamwe vaHindu nevaMuslim. Pakupedzisira, kusava nechisimba ipfungwa ye kusaziva (iyo esoteric uye isinganzwisisike ikozvino yeIslam).

Usakuvadza

Kune varapi vechiHindu (uye kunyanya iyo yogis), kusaita mhirizhonga kunosanganisira kusakuvadza tsika kana panyama munhu mupenyu. Izvi zvinoreva kurega chisimba nezviito, nemashoko asiwo nepfungwa dzakaipa.

Ramba uchizvidzora

Kune maJain, kusaita mhirizhonga kunouya kune pfungwa ye kuzvidzora : the kuzvidzora inobvumira munhu kubvisa "karma" yake (iyo inotsanangurwa seguruva rinosvibisa mweya wemutendi) uye kusvika pakumuka kwake kwemweya (kunonzi "moksha"). Ahimsa inosanganisira kudziviswa kwemhando ina dzemhirizhonga: mhirizhonga yetsaona kana yekusaziva, mhirizhonga yekudzivirira (iyo inogona kupembedzwa), mhirizhonga mukuita basa rako kana chiitiko, mhirizhonga nemaune (zvinova zvakanyanya kuipa).

Usauraya

VaBuddha vanotsanangura kusava nechisimba sokusauraya munhu mupenyu. Vanoshora kubvisa pamuviri uye kuzviuraya. Zvisinei, mamwe magwaro anoshivirira hondo sechiito chekudzivirira. Mahayana Buddhism anoenderera mberi nekushora chinangwa chaicho chekuuraya.

Nenzira imwecheteyo, Jainism inokukokawo kuti usashandise marambi kana makenduru ekuvhenekesa panjodzi yekukwezva nekupisa zvipembenene. Maererano nechitendero ichi, zuva remutendi rinofanira kungogumira pakuvira kwezuva nekubuda kwezuva.

Irwa murunyararo

Kumadokero, kusava nechisimba ipfungwa yakapararira kubva mukurwisana kwepacifist (iyo isingashandisi kushandiswa kwechisimba) kurwisana nerusarura rwevanhu vezvematongerwo enyika vakadai saMahatma Ghandi (1869-1948) kana Martin Luther King (1929-1968). Ahimsa ichiri kupararira pasi rese nhasi kuburikidza netsika yeyoga kana yevegan mararamiro (asina chisimba kudya).

Yogi chikafu

Muchitendero chechiHindu, the veganism hazvisi zvinosungirwa asi zvinoramba zvisina kuparadzaniswa nekuchengeta kwakanaka kwaAhimsa. Clémentine Erpicum, mudzidzisi uye anoda zveyoga, anotsanangura mubhuku rake Yogi Chikafu, chii chekudya kweyogi: " Kudya yoga kunoreva kudya mune pfungwa yekusaita mhirizhonga: kufarira chikafu chinobatsira pahutano asi chinochengetedza nharaunda nezvimwe zvipenyu zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Ichi ndicho chikonzero mayogist mazhinji - ini ndakasanganisira - sarudza veganism, "anotsanangura kudaro.

Zvisinei, anokwanirisa kutaura kwake kupfurikidza nokutsanangura kuti munhu ari wose anofanira kuita mukuwirirana nezvitendero zvake zvikuru: “Yoga haimanikidzi chinhu chipi nechipi. Ihwo huzivi hwemazuva ese, hunosanganisira kuenzanisa hunhu hwayo nezviito zvayo. Zviri kumunhu wese kutora basa, kuzvichengeta (kokudya uku kunondiitira zvakanaka here, munguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu?), Kuona zvakatipoteredza (izvi zvekudya zvinokuvadza hutano hwepasi, hwezvimwe zvisikwa zvipenyu?)… ”.

Vegetalism nekutsanya, maitiro ekusava nechisimba

Maererano neJainism, Ahimsa inokurudzira veganism: zvinoreva usadye zvigadzirwa zvemhuka. Asi kusaita mhirizhonga kunokurudzirawo kudzivirira kudyiwa kwemidzi kunogona kuuraya chirimwa. Pakupedzisira, vamwe vaJain vakaita rufu rune rugare (ndiko kuti kupfurikidza nokurega zvokudya kana kuti kutsanya) muchinoitika chokukwegura kana kuti hosha isingarapiki.

Zvimwe zvitendero zvinokurudzirawo kudya kusina chisimba kuburikidza neveganism kana vegetarianism. Buddhism inobvumira kudyiwa kwemhuka dzisina kuurayiwa nemaune. VaSikh varapi vanopikisa kudyiwa kwenyama nemazai.

Ahimsa ndeimwe yembiru shanu dzemagariro (kana Yamas) pairi pane tsika yeyoga uye kunyanya yeraja yoga (inonziwo yoga ashtanga). Kunze kwekusava nemhirizhonga, misimboti iyi ndeiyi:

• chokwadi (satya) kana kuva chechokwadi;
• chokwadi chekusaba (asteya);
• kuzvidzora kana kugara kure nechero chinhu chinogona kundikanganisa (brahmacarya);
• kusava nezvinhu kana kusakara;
• uye kwete kutora zvandisingadi (aparigraha).

Ahimsa zvakare ipfungwa inokurudzira Halta Yoga inova chirango chinosanganisira kutevedzana kwezvimiro zvakapfava (Asanas) izvo zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa, kusanganisira kudzora kufema (Pranayama) uye mamiriro ekufunga (anowanikwa mukufungisisa).