Ryan Andrews
Mukaka, ichokwadi chigadzirwa chine hutano here?
Vanhu vakatanga kushandisa mukaka sechinhu chinovaka muviri makore anenge gumi apfuura. Kunyange zvazvo mhuka dzine mukaka unonwiwa nevanhu imombe, mbudzi, makwai, mabhiza, nyati, yaks, madhongi, uye ngamera, mukaka wemhou ndeimwe yemhando dzinonaka uye dzakakurumbira dzemukaka wemamalian.
Hazvina kumboitwa kushandisa mukaka wezvikara pamwero mukuru, sezvo carnivores inobudisa mukaka nekunakidza kusingafadzi.
Chizi chaishandiswa nemaArabu aifamba nemugwenga munguva yeNeolithic nemukaka mubhegi rakagadzirwa kubva mudumbu remhuka.
Kurumidza kuenda ku1800s uye 1900s apo hukama hwedu nemombe dzemukaka hwakachinja. Vanhu vakawedzera uye kukosha kwecalcium uye phosphorus kune hutano hwemapfupa kwave kwave pachena.
Mukaka wakava musoro wemishandirapamwe yekudzidzisa veruzhinji, vanachiremba vakauratidza sechitubu chezvicherwa. Vanachiremba vakatumidza mukaka kuti chikamu “chinokosha” chezvokudya zvomwana.
Indasitiri yacho yakabvuma kudiwa, uye mukaka wakatanga kubva kumombe dzairerwa mumatanga akazara, ane tsvina. Mhou zhinji, tsvina yakawanda uye nzvimbo shoma imombe dzinorwara. Denda rakatanga kuperekedza nzira itsva yekugadzirwa kwemukaka kusina kuchena. Varimi vemukaka vari kuedza kuuraya mukaka uyewo kuedza mhou kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, asi matambudziko anoramba aripo; saka pasteurization yakave yakajairika mushure me1900.
Sei kugadzirisa mukaka kwakakosha?
Utachiona nemavhairasi zvinogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumhuka kuenda kuvanhu. Pasteurization Pasteurization inosanganisira kudziyisa mukaka kune tembiricha iyo tupukanana tusingagoni kushivirira.
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana epasteurization.
1920s: 145 madhigirii Fahrenheit kwemaminitsi makumi matatu nemashanu, 35s: 1930 madhigirii Fahrenheit kwemasekonzi gumi nemashanu, 161s: 15 madhigirii Fahrenheit kwemasekonzi maviri.
Zvamunoda kuziva nezvekugadzirwa kwemukaka nhasi
Mhou dzinotakura mhuru kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe uye dzinopa mukaka chete kana dzichangobva kubereka, sezvinoita vanhu. Kare, varimi vemukaka vaibvumira mhou kuti dzitevere nguva yekubereka, uye kuberekwa kwemhuru kwaifananidzwa nehuswa hutsva hwechirimo.
Saka, amai vanenge vachifura mahara vaigona kuzadzazve zvokudya zvavo zvakachengetwa. Kufura kune hutano kumombe nekuti kunopa huswa hunyoro, mweya mutsva, uye kurovedza muviri. Mukupesana, kugadzirwa kwamaindasitiri kunobatanidza kudyisa zviyo kumombe. Iyo yakawanda zviyo, inowedzera acidity mudumbu. Kukura kwe acidosis kunotungamirira kumaronda, kutapukirwa nebhakitiriya uye maitiro ekuzvimba. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inonyorerwa kubhadhara maitiro aya.
Vagadziri vemukaka nhasi vanoyamwisa mhou mushure memwedzi mishoma mushure mekuberekwa kwekare, uye nguva shoma pakati pemimba. Kana mhou dzichipa mukaka kwerinopfuura gore, immune system yadzo inopera uye kunaka kwemukaka kunoderera. Kwete chete izvi hazvina kugadzikana kune mhou, zvinowedzera estrogen yemukati yemukaka.
Estrogens inogona kukurudzira kukura kwemamota. Tsvagiridzo mumakore gumi apfuura yakabatanidza mukaka wemhou nekuwedzera kwekenza yeprostate, mazamu, uye ovarian. Ongororo nyowani yakaitwa nemasaenzi kubva kuNational Cancer Institute yakawana gumi neshanu eestrogens mumukaka kubva muzvitoro zvegirosari: estrone, estradiol, uye gumi nematatu emetabolism kubva kune aya mahomoni echikadzi.
Estrogens inogona kukurudzira kukura kwemamota mazhinji, kunyangwe pazvimiro zvidiki zvinoshamisa. Kazhinji, skim mukaka une hushoma huwandu hwemahara eestrogens. Nekudaro, ine hydroxyestrone, imwe yeakanyanya njodzi yemametabolites. Kune mamwe mahomoni epabonde mumukaka - "murume" androgens uye insulini-yakafanana nekukura chinhu. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakabatanidza kuwanda kweaya makomisheni kune njodzi yegomarara.
hupenyu hwemombe
Kuwanda kwepamuviri ndiko kuwedzera kwemhuru. Mhuru dzinorumurwa mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekuberekwa mumapurazi mazhinji. Sezvo nzombe dzisingagoni kushandiswa kugadzira mukaka, dzinoshandiswa kugadzira nyama yemombe. Indasitiri yenyama inogadzirwa neindasitiri yemukaka. Mhou dzinotsiviwa naamai vadzo dzoendeswa kunobayiwa.
Nhamba yemombe dzemukaka muUS yakaderera kubva pamamiriyoni gumi nemasere kusvika pamamiriyoni mapfumbamwe pakati pe18 ne9. Kugadzirwa kwemukaka kwese kwakawedzera kubva pa1960 bhiriyoni mapaundi kusvika ku2005 bhiriyoni mapaundi panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukurumidzira kuwanda nzira uye rubatsiro rwemishonga. Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hwemhou makore makumi maviri, asi mushure memakore 120-177 ekushanda vanoenda kunzvimbo yekuuraya. Mhou yemukaka ndiyo nyama yemombe yakachipa.
Maitiro ekunwa mukaka
Vanhu vekuAmerica vanonwa mukaka mushoma pane zvavaisimboita, uye vanodawo mukaka usina mafuta mashoma, asi vanodya chizi yakawanda uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakaomeswa nechando (aizikirimu). 1909 34 magaroni emukaka pamunhu (27 magaloni enguva dzose uye 7 magaloni emukaka wakanyungudutswa) 4 mapaundi echizi pamunhu 2 mapaundi ezvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakaomeswa pamunhu.
2001 23 magaloni emukaka pamunhu (8 magaroni enguva dzose uye 15 magaloni emukaka wakanyungudutswa) 30 mapaundi echizi pamunhu 28 mapaundi ezvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakaomeswa pamunhu.
Zvamunoda kuziva nezve organic mukaka
Kutengeswa kwezvakagadzirwa zvemukaka zviri kuwedzera ne20-25% gore rega rega. Vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kuti "organic" inoreva zvakanakisa munzira dzakawanda. Neimwe nzira, ichi ichokwadi. Kunyange zvazvo mhou dzakasiiwa dzichifanira kupihwa chikafu chekudya, varimi havasungirwe kudyisa mhou dzeuswa.
Mhou dzakasimukira hadzina mukana wekugamuchira mahormone. Kushandiswa kwekukura kwehomoni kunorambidzwa kurima organic. Mahomoni anowedzera mukana wekuita mastitis, anoderedza hupenyu hwemhou, uye anokurudzira kukura kwegomarara muvanhu. Asi mukaka wemukaka hauna kufanana nemamiriro ekugara ane hutano kumombe dzemukaka kana kurapwa kwevanhu.
Varimi vemukaka weOrganic uye varimi vakajairwa vanowanzoshandisa mhando dzakafanana uye nzira dzekukura, kusanganisira nzira dzakafanana dzekudyisa mhuka. Mukaka wenyama unogadziriswa nenzira imwechete nemukaka wenguva dzose.
Zvamunoda kuziva pamusoro pekuumbwa kwemukaka
Mukaka wemhou ine 87% yemvura uye 13% yakaoma, kusanganisira zvicherwa (zvakadai se calcium uye phosphorus), lactose, mafuta, uye whey mapuroteni (akadai se casein). Kusimbiswa nemavhitaminzi A uye D kunodiwa sezvo mazinga echisikigo ari pasi.
Casomorphins inoumbwa kubva kucasein, imwe yemapuroteni mumukaka. Izvo zvine maopioid - morphine, oxycodone uye endorphins. Iyi mishonga inodhaka uye inoderedza intestinal motility.
Habituation inonzwisisika kubva pakuona kwekushanduka-shanduka, mukaka unodiwa pakudya kwevana, unonyaradza uye unosunga kuna amai. Casomorphins mumukaka wevanhu ine simba rakapetwa ka10 pane inowanikwa mumukaka wemhou.
Zvamunoda kuziva nezvehutano hwemukaka
Vazhinji vedu tinodya mukaka waamai mushure mekuzvarwa tobva tachinja kumukaka wemombe. Kukwanisa kugaya lactose kunoderera kusvika makore mana.
Kana huwandu hwakawanda hwemukaka hutsva hunopinda mumatumbo emimba, lactose isina kuiswa inopinda mumatumbo. Inokwevera kunze mvura, ichiita kuputika uye manyoka.
Vanhu ndivo chete mhuka dzakafunga kushandisa mukaka kubva kune imwe mhuka. Izvi zvinogona kuva nenjodzi kuvacheche vachangozvarwa nekuti maumbirwo emamwe marudzi emukaka haazadzise zvavanoda.
Iko kemikari yemhando dzakasiyana dzemukaka
Kunyange isu tichiudzwa kuti kunwa mukaka kwakanakira hutano hwemapfupa, humbowo hwesainzi hunotaura zvakasiyana.
mukaka uye calcium
Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi, mukaka wemhou unoumba chikamu chisina basa chekudya, uye zvakadaro zvirwere zvine chokuita necalcium (semuenzaniso, osteoporosis, fractures) hazviwanzoitiki. Muchokwadi, humbowo hwesainzi hunoratidza kuti zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvine calcium zvinotowedzera kubuda kwecalcium kubva mumuviri.
Yakawanda sei calcium yatinowana kubva muchikafu haina kunyanya kukosha, asi, chakakosha ndechekuti yakawanda sei yatinochengeta mumuviri. Vanhu vanodya zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakanyanya vane mwero wepamusoro weosteoporosis uye kutsemuka kwehudyu mukukwegura.
Kunyange zvazvo mukaka wemhou ungave wakapfuma mune zvimwe zvinovaka muviri, zvakaoma kutaura kuti une utano.
Mukaka uye zvirwere zvisingaperi
Kunwiwa kwemukaka kwakabatanidzwa nechirwere chemoyo, mhando 1 chirwere cheshuga, chirwere cheParkinson, uye kenza. Zvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvinogona kushandura kutaura kwemajini anobatanidzwa mukukura kwegomarara. Casein, puroteni inowanikwa mumukaka wemombe, yakabatanidzwa kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana egomarara, kusanganisira lymphoma, gomarara rethyroid, kenza yeprostate, uye ovarian cancer.
Zvaunofanira kuziva pamusoro pemukaka uye zvakatipoteredza
Mhou dzemukaka dzinodya zvokudya zvakawanda, dzinobudisa tsvina yakawanda uye dzinobudisa methane. Chokwadi, muCalifornia's San Joaquin Valley, mhou dzinoonekwa sedzakanyanya kusvibisa kupfuura mota.
purazi renguva dzose
14 macalorie efossil fuel simba anodiwa kugadzira 1 calorie yeprotein yemukaka
organic purazi
10 macalorie efossil fuel simba anodiwa kugadzira 1 calorie yeprotein yemukaka
Soy mukaka
1 calorie yefossil fuel simba inodiwa kugadzira 1 calorie yeorganic soy protein (soy mukaka)
Vanhu vanonwa magirazi anopfuura maviri emukaka pazuva vane mukana wakapetwa katatu wekuita lymphoma pane avo vanonwa isingasviki girazi rimwe chete pazuva.
Kuti wamwa mukaka zviri kwauri.