Izwi rokuti doro reropa izita rakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri uye rine izwi rokuti doro iro rakawedzerwa chivakashure -emia, kubva muchiGiriki haima, zvinoreva ropa. Chiyero chedoro saka chinoratidza kuvepo kwe ethyl doro muropa. Chiyero chedoro, kana kuti mwero wedoro muropa, chinoyerwa nemagiramu parita rimwe reropa. Chirevo chemusi waNyamavhuvhu 29, 1995 chakadzikisa huwandu hwepamusoro hwedoro hweropa hwakabvumidzwa kutyaira kusvika ku0,5 g / L.

Kana mumwe munhu achifanira kunge ari munzira, zvakakosha kuti vatarise mwero wavo wedoro vasati vasvika kuseri kwevhiri. Kutyaira wakadhakwa ndicho chikonzero chechipiri cherufu mumigwagwa. Muchikamu chezera re 35-44, kunyanya, doro uye narcotics zvinhu zvinomiririrwa zvakanyanya: doro riri muchikamu ichi chevanhu pamavambo e25% yenjodzi dzinouraya. Muchiitiko chekutyora doro reropa, asi zvakare kana mutyairi achida kutora rezinesi idzva mushure mekukanzurwa, kana kudzosera iyo zvichitevera kumiswa, zvinowanzoitika kuti kuongororwa ropa kunotorwa. 

Zvinosungirwa kuve ne breathalyzer mumotokari yako. Saka ndiyo nzira inosarudzirwa kuti uzive kana wakakodzera kutyaira mushure mekunwa doro. Pane, zvisinei, kana iwe usina iyi bvunzo, fomula yemasvomhu yekuiverenga, zvichienderana nehuremu uye murume kana murume: 

• Kumurume: (V * T * 0,8) / (0,7 * M)
• Kumukadzi: (V * T * 0,8) / (0,6 * M)

Mune idzi mafomula maviri:

• V inoenderana nehuwandu hwakadhakwa, mumL;
• T ndiyo dhigirii yedoro muzana (yedoro pa5 °, ichava 0,05%);
• 0,8 inoenderana nehuwandu hwedoro;
• 0,7 kana 0,6 ndiyo diffusion coefficient zvichienderana nekuti munhu murume here kana kuti mukadzi;
• M inomiririra huremu mukg.

Kuti uverenge zviri nyore, unogona kuchengetedza pepa reExcel pane yako smartphone. Zvishandiso zvefoni, zvichibvumira kuverenga chiyero chedoro muropa, zviripo zvakare. Iyo breathalyzer, kune rumwe rutivi, inoyera mwero wedoro mumhepo yakabudiswa.

Nepo iyo breathalyzer ichingoshandiswa kuona mwero wedoro reropa pasina kuyera nhanho chaiyo yedoro, kuongororwa kweiyo chaiyo doro muropa kunogona kuitwa nekuongororwa kweropa uye kuongororwa kwechiremba. Kuongororwa ropa uku kunogona kuitwa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvekurapa kana zvemberi. 

Iyi bvunzo yebiology yekurapa inoshandiswa kuona kana munhu anwa doro, uye kuyera huwandu huripo mumuviri. 

• Inobvunzwa kana murwere achifungidzirwa kudhakwa kwe ethyl, kunyanya kana achiratidza zviratidzo;
• Zvinodiwawo kana munhu achifungidzirwa kuti ari kutyora mutemo wekunwa doro, kana kuti pamwe nekutsvaga zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo;

• Mutengo wepamusoro unobvumirwa nemutemo paunenge uchityaira ndeye 0,5 magiramu pa litre yeropa. Uye zvakare, pasi pemamiriro akati wandei, senge nguva yekuyedzwa kana kutyaira kunoperekedzwa, iyi yakanyanya kupihwa mvumo yedoro level inoiswa pa 0,2 g / L yeropa. 

Pakupedzisira, kune saka kune maviri makuru mamiriro ayo dosage yedoro muropa inodiwa:

• Has zvinangwa zvekurapa : kuvapo kana kusavapo kwedoro kunogona kubatsira kutsanangura zvimwe zviratidzo zviripo muvarwere, uye kubvumira kugadzirisa kwakanaka kwekurapa, somuenzaniso. BAC yezvokurapa inogona kukumbirwa kana murwere achiratidza zviratidzo zvechepfu yakakomba kana isingaperi;
• Nezvinangwa forensic : forensic blood alcohol level inokumbirwa kana munhu apinda mutsaona yemumugwagwa kana yebasa, kana muchiito chechisimba chinoitirwa vamwe, kana paine munhu anofungirwa rufu. Mapurisa uye gendarmerie, kunyanya, vanowanzoita bvunzo dzeropa mumigwagwa. 

Pachokwadi, kuongororwa kweropa kunoita kuti zvikwanise kunyatso kuyera mwero we ethanol, asi unogona zvakare kubatsira kuongorora kunwiwa kwedoro nekutenda kune akati wandei biological mamaki.

Ethanol, kana ethyl doro, inogona kuyerwa mumuenzaniso weropa uye mumhepo inofemerwa. Iyo yekupedzisira inofanira kuongororwa nekukurumidza.

Kunze mweya

Iyo exhaled air sample inowanikwa nekufuridza. Iyo breathalyzer inoramba iri iyo yega chiridzwa chepamutemo chekuyera iyo chaiyo nhanho mumhepo yakafemerwa kuitira chiito chepamutemo. Inoshandiswa nemapurisa uye gendarms uye inofanirwa kuve yakavimbika, chaiyo, uye inotevera AFNOR NF X 20 701 standard. Kuti bvunzo dzive dzechokwadi, iyi breathalyzer inofanirwa kuongororwa kamwe chete pagore. Chiyereso chekuyeresa chinomisikidza kuwanda kwe ethanol mumhepo yakafemerwa zvichibva pakuenzaniswa kwemaviri anopenya fluxes. 

Muchiitiko chekuti pane kusakwanisa kufema kwemuviri kana panguva yekukuvara kwemuviri, kuongororwa kweropa kunogara kuchitorwa, zvichipa masampuli maviri, kuitira kukwanisa kukumbira cheki-cheki.

Ropa sampuro

Ropa rinotorwa pachishandiswa venipuncture, netsono yakaiswa mutsinga pakatsemuka gokora. Kuongororwa kweropa rekunwa uye kutyaira kunoitwa murabhoritari. Muedzo wakaitwa muyedzo we ethanol kubva mumuenzaniso weropa uyu. Kana ongororo yacho ichiitirwa kutongwa zviri pamutemo, inofanirwa kuitwa murabhoritari yakatenderwa uchishandisa nzira inokurudzirwa. 

Miyedzo iyi inokwanisa kuona mwero wedoro muropa padumbu risina chinhu. Mukuwedzera, kuongororwa kweropa kuchabvumira kuongororwa kwe chiropa chinoshanda, nhengo iyo inenge 95% yedoro inobviswa, kuburikidza nematanho:

• mwero we GT range (Gamma Glutamyl Transferase);
• du VGM (Kureva corpuscular volume);
• chiyero che CDT (Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin);
• ye transaminases (ASAT uye ALAT) uye triglycerides.

Mhedzisiro yedoro reropa ine mhedzisiro kune mutyairi, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakayerwa muropa ndeiyi:

• Isingasviki 0,5 g / L yeropa (kureva 0,25 mg per litre of exhaled air): kutonga hakuna kunaka, mutyairi haana kurangwa;
• Pakati pe0,5 uye 0,8 g / L yeropa : mutyairi anotenderwa. Kutadza kutevedzera mutemo unobvumidzwa wedoro reropa kunoguma nefaindi yekirasi yechina nekubviswa kwemapoinzi matanhatu kubva rezinesi;
• Yakakura kupfuura 0,8 g / L yeropa (kana kuti 0,4 mg parita yemhepo inofemerwa): maererano nechinyorwa L243-1 cheHighway Code, "kunyangwe pasina chiratidzo chiri pachena chekudhakwa, kutyaira mota pasi pekuipa kwechidhakwa chinoratidzwa nedoro. kunyura muropa kwakaenzana kana kupfuura 0,8 magiramu parita kana nedoro mumhepo yakafemerwa yakaenzana kana kupfuura 0,4 mg / L inorangwa nekugara mujeri kwemakore maviri uye faindi ye4500 euros ”. Zvirango zvekuwedzera zvakaitwa, kunyanya, kumiswa, kwenguva yemakore matatu zvakanyanya, rezenisi rekutyaira.

Uyezve, kuna chiremba, kana kuvepo kwe ethanol mumuenzaniso kunoratidza zvakajeka kuti murwere anwa doro, iyo yakayerwa yekumisikidza inoitawo kuti zvikwanise kupa chiratidzo chekukura kweiyo impregnation. Mukuwedzera, kukwanisa kubvisa doro kubva mumuviri kunoenderana nekushanda kwechiropa enzymes, asiwo pakuvimbika kwechiropa.

Uye nekudaro, mhedzisiro yeiyo biological mamaki inodudzirwa seinotevera:

• GT range : iyo gamma GT bvunzo yeropa yekuvheneka chidhakwa chisingaperi chinongoita kunge 75% yakavimbika. Kana kuongororwa kweropa kuchidzoka kwakanaka, kunowedzerwa neCDT assay;
• CDT : Carboxy-deficient transferrin (CDT) yakanangana nekunwa doro, uye kunyanya kunwa zvakanyanya. Huwandu hwepamusoro hweCDT hunoyerwa neelectrophoresis kana yakakura kupfuura kana yakaenzana ne1,6% (nenzvimbo inokahadzika "grey" iri pakati pe1,3 ne1,6%). Chiyero chayo chinodzokera kune yakajairwa mushure memavhiki maviri kusvika mana mushure mekumisa kunwa doro.
• VGM : mushure memwedzi miviri yekunwa doro zvakanyanya, huwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa hunowedzera. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvikonzero zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwekukura kwesero reropa, zvakadai sefodya kana anti-vitamin K;
• Enzymes ASAT, ALAT uye triglycerides : Aya mabiological marker anoyerwawo asi anozove asina kunyanyo taura nezvekunwa doro.

Chekupedzisira, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti semutemo wakajairika, chinwiwa chinodhaka chinowanzotora awa kuti chibviswe, asi kune misiyano yakakura pakati pevanhu zvichienderana nerudzi, bonde uye uremu. Paavhareji, chiyero chedoro muropa chinoderera ne 0,15 g yedoro parita yeropa paawa.