Mukati
Allergy (muchidimbu)
Allergy: chii ichocho?
Allergy, inonziwo hypersensitivity, kuita kusiri kujairika kwemasoja edziviriro anorwisa zvinhu zvisiri zvemuviri (allergens), asi zvisingakuvadzi. Inogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemuviri: paganda, mumaziso, muhurongwa hwekudya kana mumhepo yekufema. Mhando dzezviratidzo uye kusimba kwavo kuchasiyana zvichienderana nekuti allergies inotanga kupi, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakati wandei zvakasiyana kumunhu wega. Zvinogona kunge zvisingatarisike zvakanyanya, sekuonekwa kwekutsvuka paganda, kana zvinogona kuuraya, sekuvhunduka. anaphylactic.
Mhando huru dze allergic zviratidzo ndeidzi:
- kusagadzikana kwechikafu;
- asima, mune imwe yemhando dzayo, allergic asthma;
- atopic eczema;
- sema rhinitis;
- mamwe maitiro e urticaria;
- anaphylaxis.
Vanhu vane allergic kune imwechete allergen havawanzo allergenic. The allergic reaction inogona kuzviratidza nenzira dzakawanda mumunhu mumwe chete; allergic rhinitis yakaratidzwa kuva ngozi yekukura kweasthma15. Naizvozvo, kurapwa kwepollen desensitization kurapa hay fever dzimwe nguva kunogona kudzivirira kurwiswa kweasthma kunokonzerwa nekusangana nemapollen aya.1.
The allergic reaction
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, iyo allergic reaction inoda 2 maitirwo ane allergen.
- Kuziva. Nguva yekutanga iyo allergen inopinda mumuviri, kuburikidza ganda kana ne mucous membranes (maziso, kufema kana digestive turakiti), immune system inozivisa chinhu chekunze chine njodzi. Anotanga kugadzira masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anomurwisa.
The antibody, kana kuti immunoglobulins, zvinhu zvinogadzirwa negadziriro inodzivirira zvirwere. Vanoziva uye vanoparadza zvimwe zvinhu zvekunze izvo muviri unoratidzwa. Iwo immune system inoburitsa 5 marudzi ema immunoglobulins anonzi Ig A, Ig D, Ig E, Ig G uye Ig M, ane chaiwo mabasa. Muvanhu vane allergies, kunyanya Ig E inobatanidzwa. |
- The allergic reaction. Kana iyo allergen ikapinda mumuviri kechipiri, immune system yakagadzirira kupindura. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anotsvaka kubvisa allergen nekukonzera seti yezvidziviriro.
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Dzvanya kuti uone iyo animation |
INOKOSHA The anaphylactic reaction. Kusawirirana uku, kamwe kamwe uye kwakazara, kunokanganisa chipenyu chose. Kana isina kurapwa nekukurumidza, inogona kufambira mberi kusvika kuvhunduka anaphylactic, ndiko kuti, kuderera kweBP, kurasikirwa nezivo uye zvichida rufu, mukati memaminitsi. Pakarepo zviratidzo zvekutanga zve zvakakomba kuita - kuzvimba kumeso kana mumuromo, kurwadziwa kwemoyo, zvigamba zvitsvuku pamuviri - uye nekukurumidza sezvinobvira yekutanga isati yaonekwa. zviratidzo zvekufema kunetseka -kuoma mukufema kana kumedza, kufema, kuchinjwa kana kunyangarika kwezwi-, munhu anofanira kutungamirira epinephrine (ÉpiPen®, Twinject®) uye kuenda kuchipatara nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. The atopy. Atopy inogarwa nhaka kune allergies. Munhu anogona kutambura nemhando dzinoverengeka dzeallergies (asthma, rhinitis, eczema, nezvimwewo), nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi. Maererano neInternational Study yeAsthma uye Allergies muVana, chidzidzo chikuru chakaitwa muEurope, 40% kusvika 60% yevana vane atopic eczema vachatambura nekufema, uye 10% kusvika 20% vachave neasthma.2. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekusawirirana zvinowanzova atopic eczema uye kudya kwekudya, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa mucheche. Zviratidzo zveallergic rhinitis - kufemba, kushatirwa kwemaziso, uye kusangana kwemhino - uye asima inoitika gare gare muhucheche.3. |
Zvinokonzera
Kuti pave nekusawirirana, 2 mamiriro akakosha: muviri unofanirwa kunzwa kune chinhu, chinonzi allergen, uye chinhu ichi chinofanira kunge chiri munharaunda yemunhu.
The zvinowanzoitika allergener ndeaya:
- kubva airborne allergens : pollen, mite droppings uye pet dander;
- kubva zvokudya allergens : nzungu, mukaka wemhou, mazai, gorosi, soy (soy), nzungu dzemuti, sesame, hove, shellfish uye sulphites (inochengetedza);
- zvimwe allergens : zvinodhaka, latex, uturu hwezvipembenene (nyuchi, nyuchi, bumblebees, hornets).
Allergic kune mvere dzemhuka? Hatisi kurwadziswa nebvudzi, asi kune dander yemhuka kana mate, kwete sezvatinongoita kurodha minhenga uye machira, asi pane madonhwe ezvipembenene zvakavanda ipapo. |
Tichiri kuziva zvishoma nezvekwakabva allergies. Nyanzvi dzinobvumirana kuti dzinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kunyange zvazvo kune nyaya dzakawanda dzekusawirirana kwemhuri, ruzhinji rwevana vane allergies vanobva kumhuri dzisina nhoroondo yekusawirirana.4. Nokudaro, kunyange zvazvo kune genetic predisposition, zvimwe zvikonzero zvinobatanidzwa, izvo: utsi hwefodya, mararamiro ekumadokero uye zvakatipoteredza, kunyanya kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kushungurudzika kunogona kuita kuti zviratidzo zveallergy zvioneke, asi hazvina mhosva zvakananga.
Mukaka: allergy kana kusashivirira? Kusagadzikana kwemukaka wemhou kunokonzerwa nemamwe mapuroteni emukaka haafaniri kuvhiringidzwa nekusagadzikana kwelactose, kusakwanisa kugaya shuga yemukaka iyi. Zviratidzo zvekusagadzikana kwelactose zvinogona kubviswa nekudya zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvisina lactose kana nekutora ma supplements elactase (Lactaid®), iyo enzyme inoshomeka, kana uchidya zvigadzirwa zvemukaka. |
Kuwedzera uye kakawanda
Kusawirirana nenyama kuri kuwanda mazuva ano kupfuura zvazvaive makore makumi matatu apfuura. Munyika, the kupararira yehosha dzokusawirirana nadzo dzakapetwa kaviri mumakore 15 kusvika ku20 apfuura. 40% kusvika 50% yevanhu vari munyika dzakabudirira vanobatwa neimwe nzira yekusawirirana5.
- MuQuebec, maererano nemushumo wakagadzirwa neNational Institute of Public Health yeQuebec, marudzi ese ealergy akawana kuwedzera kukuru kubva muna 1987 kusvika 1998.6. Kuwanda kwe allergic rhinitis yakawedzera kubva 6% kusvika 9,4%, theasthma, kubva 2,3% kusvika 5% uye mamwe allergies kubva 6,5% kusvika 10,3%.
- Ndichiri pakutanga kweXXst remakore, allergic rhinitis yakanganisa inenge 1% yehuwandu hweWestern Europe, mazuva ano chikamu chevanhu vanobatwa ne15% kusvika 20%2. Mune dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope, anenge mwana mumwe muvana ane makore 1 kana kuti muduku akaitaEczema atopic. Pamusoro pezvo, chikamu che10% chevana vane makore gumi nematatu negumi nemana vanorwara neasthma.
Chii chinonzi kufambira mberi kweallergies? Nokucherechedza kuchinja kwemagariro uye kwezvakatipoteredza kwakaratidza makumi emakore apfuura, vatsvakurudzi vakasimudzira kufungidzira kwakasiyana-siyana. The hygienist hypothesis. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro iyi, chokwadi chekugara munzvimbo (dzimba, nzvimbo dzebasa uye mabasa ekuzorora) ari kuwedzera kuchena uye kucheneswa kunotsanangura kuwedzera kwenhamba yeallergies mumakumi emakore achangopfuura. Kubata, paudiki, nemavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya kwaizobvumira kugwinya kwesimba redziviriro yezvirwere izvo, zvikasadaro, zvingaite kunge zvine allergic reaction. Izvi zvingatsanangura chikonzero nei vana vanobatwa nedzihwa ina kana kuti mishanu pagore vasinganyanyi kukanganiswa neallergies. The permeability ye mucous membranes. Zvinoenderana neimwe fungidziro, allergies ingangove mhedzisiro yekunyanya kupinza kwemucous membranes (mudumbu, nemuromo, kufema) kana yekushandurwa kwemaruva emudumbu. Kuti uwane zvimwe pamusoro penyaya, verenga Allergy: Zvinotaurwa Nenyanzvi. |
kushanduka
Kusawirirana kwechikafu kunowanzo kuenderera: iwe kazhinji unofanirwa kurambidza chikafu kubva mukudya kwako kwehupenyu hwako hwese. Kana iri yekufema allergies, inogona kudzikira kusvika pakunyangarika zvakazara, kunyangwe kuvepo kweiyo allergen. Hazvizivikanwi kuti sei kushivirira kunogona kuisa mukati, munyaya iyi. Atopic eczema zvakare inowanzoita nani nekufamba kwemakore. Zvakasiyana, kusawirirana nehuturu hwezvipembenene kunoitika mushure mekurumwa kunogona kuwedzera, dzimwe nguva mushure mekurumwa kechipiri, kunze kwekunge wawana kurapwa kwedesensitization.
chirwere
Chiremba anotora nhoroondo yezviratidzo: zvinoonekwa riini uye sei. Kuongororwa kweganda kana sampu yeropa inoita kuti zvikwanise kunyatso tsvaga iyo allergen iri mubvunzo kuitira kuti ibvise zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kubva munzvimbo yairi kugara, uye kukwanisa kubata zvirinani allergy.
The bvunzo dzeganda kuziva zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kusawirirana. Zvinosanganisira kufumura ganda kune madiki madiki ezvakacheneswa allergenic zvinhu; unogona kuedza anenge makumi mana panguva. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuva pollen kubva kumiti yakasiyana-siyana, mold, mhuka yemhuka, mite, nyuchi yenyuchi, penicillin, nezvimwewo. Zviratidzo zvekusagadzikana kwemaitiro zvinoonekwa, izvo zvinogona kuitika pakarepo kana kunonoka (maawa makumi mana nemasere gare gare, kunyanya eczema). Kana pane allergies, kadonhwe dzvuku kadiki kanooneka, zvakafanana nekurumwa kwezvipembenene.