Archimedes: Biography, zvakawanikwa, zvinonakidza zvinhu uye mavhidhiyo

😉 Kwaziwai kuvaverengi vakavimbika uye vashanyi vesaiti! Muchikamu "Archimedes: biography, zvakawanikwa, zvinhu zvinonakidza" - nezvehupenyu hwekare hwechiGiriki nyanzvi yemasvomhu, fizikisi uye injiniya. Makore ehupenyu 287-212 BC Inonakidza uye inodzidzisa vhidhiyo zvinhu nezvehupenyu hwesaenzi inotumirwa pakupera kwechinyorwa.

Biography yeArchimedes

Musayendisiti ane mukurumbira wekare Archimedes aive mwanakomana wemuzivi wenyeredzi Phidius uye akawana dzidzo yakanaka muAlexandria, kwaakazojairana nemabasa eDemocritus, Eudoxus.

Munguva yekukombwa kweSirakuse, Archimedes akagadzira injini dzekukomba (vanopisa moto), izvo zvakaparadza chikamu chikuru cheuto remuvengi. Archimedes akaurayiwa nemusoja weRoma, zvisinei nemirairo yaGeneral Mark Marcellus.

Imwe ngano yakaparadzirwa nevaGiriki inotaura kuti nyanzvi yemasvomhu yakakura yakabayiwa kusvika yafa paakanyora equation mujecha, nokudaro achida kupikisa ukuru hwake pane kusakwanisa kweRoma. Zvinokwanisika kuti rufu rwake rwakanga rwuriwo kutsiva kukuvadzwa kwakaitwa nezvaakagadzira kuuto rengarava reRoma.

“Eureka!”

Iyo anecdote inonyanya kuzivikanwa nezve Archimedes inotaura magadzirirwo aakaita nzira yekuona huwandu hwechinhu chisina kuumbwa. Hieron II akarayira kupiwa kwekorona yegoridhe kutemberi.

Archimedes aifanira kuona kana chishongo chacho chakanga chatsiva zvimwe zvacho nesirivha. Aifanira kupedzisa basa iri pasina kukuvadza korona, saka aisakwanisa kuinyungudusa nenzira iri nyore kuitira kuti averenge kuwanda kwayo.

Paaigeza, musayendisiti akaona kuti mvura iri mubhavhu inowedzera sezvaanopinda mairi. Anoziva kuti chiitiko ichi chinogona kushandiswa kuona huwandu hwekorona.

Kubva pakuona kwekuedza uku, mvura ine vhoriyamu isingachinji. Korona ichabvisa huwandu hwemvura nehuwandu hwayo. Kuparadzanisa huwandu hwekorona nehuwandu hwemvura yakadzingwa kunopa kuwanda kwayo. Kuwanda uku kwaizova kwakaderera pane kuya kwegoridhe kana masimbi asingadhuri uye akareruka akawedzerwa kwairi.

Archimedes, achisvetuka kubva mubhavhu, anomhanya asina kupfeka mumugwagwa. Anofara zvikuru nekuwana kwake uye anokanganwa kupfeka. Anodanidzira nenzwi guru kuti “Eureka!” ("Ndawana"). Chiitiko chacho chakabudirira uye chakaratidza kuti sirivha yakawedzerwa kune korona.

Iyo nyaya yekorona yegoridhe haipo mune chero yakakurumbira mabasa eArchimedes. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kunoshanda kweiyo nzira yakatsanangurwa inopokana nekuda kwekudiwa kwepamusoro-soro pakuyera kushanduka kwemvura.

Muchenjeri angangodaro akashandisa musimboti unozivikanwa muhydrostat semutemo weArchimedes, uye akazotsanangurwa mugwaro rake pamusoro pemitumbi inoyangarara.

Sekureva kwake, muviri wakanyudzwa mumvura unoiswa pasi pesimba rakaenzana nehuremu hwemvura inotamiswa nayo. Uchishandisa musimboti uyu, unogona kuenzanisa kuwanda kwekorona yegoridhe nekuwanda kwegoridhe.

Kupisa mwaranzi

Archimedes angangodaro akashandisa boka rezvionioni rinoshanda pamwe chete segirazi rinofananidzira kupisa zvikepe zvinorwisa Syracuse. Lucian, munyori wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, anonyora kuti Archimedes akaparadza ngarava nemoto.

Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, Antimyus weThrall akadana chombo cheArchimedes "girazi rinopisa". Mudziyo uyu, unonziwo "Thermim Beam Archimedes", waishandiswa kutarisa chiedza chezuva pazvikepe, zvichizvivhenekera.

Ichi chombo chaifungidzirwa panguva yeRenaissance chakava musoro wegakava pamusoro pekuvapo kwacho chaiko. René Descartes akazviramba sezvisingabviri. Masayendisiti emazuva ano ari kuyedza kudzoreredza mhedzisiro yakatsanangurwa vachishandisa chete maturusi aripo panguva yaArchimedes.

Pane fungidziro yekuti zvidzitiro zvebhuronzi zvakakwenenzverwa zvakanaka zvinoshanda semagirazi zvinogona kushandiswa kutarisisa mwaranzi yezuva pachikepe pachishandiswa parabolic mirror principle.

Archimedes kuedza munyika yanhasi

Muna 1973, musayendisiti wechiGreek Ioannis Sakas akaita kuyedza kweArchimedes kupisa ray panzvimbo yehondo muSkaramag. Akashandisa 70 copper-clad mirati inoyera 1,5 ne 1 m. Dzakanga dzakanangana nemuenzaniso weplywood wechikepe chiri chinhambwe che50 m.

Kana magirazi akatariswa, ngarava yekunyomba inobatidza mumasekonzi mashoma. Kare, ngarava dzainge dzakapendwa nependi ine resinous, izvo zvimwe zvakakonzera kupisa.

Muna Gumiguru 2005, boka revadzidzi veMIT rakaedza 127 masikweya magirazi anoyera 30 x 30 cm, achitarisa pane yemapuranga modhi yengarava iri chinhambwe chingangoita 30 metres.

Murazvo unooneka pachikamu chengarava, mumamiriro okunze akajeka ane denga risina makore uye kana ngarava ikaramba yakamira kweanenge maminetsi gumi.

Boka rimwe chetero riri kudzokorora kuedza kweMythBusters TV richishandisa igwa remapuranga rekubata hove muSan Francisco. Pane imwe moto zvakare. Ngano Hunters inotsanangura chiitiko ichi sekutadza nekuda kwenguva yakareba uye yakanaka mamiriro ekunze anodiwa kupisa.

Kana Sirakusi iri kumabvazuva, saka zvikepe zveRoma zvinorwisa mangwanani kuitira kunyatsotarisa kwechiedza. Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvombo zvenguva dzose zvakadai semiseve inopfuta kana kuti mapurojekiti anopfurwa kubva pagutu zvinogona kushandiswa zviri nyore kunyudza ngarava pachinhambwe chipfupi kudaro.

Musayendisiti wekare wechiGiriki anoonekwa nevakawanda vesainzi semumwe wevakuru vesvomhu munhoroondo, pamwe naNewton, Gauss naEuler. Mupiro wake ku geometry uye makanika wakakura; anoonekwa semumwe wevakatanga kuongorora masvomhu.

Anoshandisa masvomhu nenzira yakarongeka kusayenzi yechisikigo, zviwanwa zvounyanzvi, uye zvigadzirwa. Zvipo zvake zvesainzi zvakadzidzwa uye zvakatsanangurwa naEratosthenes, Conon naDosifed.

Archimedes mabasa

• nyanzvi yemasvomhu yakaverenga pamusoro pechikamu cheparabolic uye mavhoriyamu emitumbi yakasiyana-siyana yemasvomhu;
• akafunga nezvemacurves akawanda uye ma<em>spiral, rimwe rawo rine zita rake: Archimedes spiral;
• akapa tsananguro yesemi-regular multistats inonzi Archimedes;
• yakaratidza humbowo hwekusagumira kwehuwandu hwenhamba dzechisikigo (inozivikanwawo seArchimedes' axiom).

Vhidhiyo inoenderana: "Archimedes: biography, zvakawanikwa", firimu rekunyepedzera uye redzidzo "Ishe weNhamba"

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