Asbestosis chirwere chisingaperi chemapapu (pulmonary fibrosis) chinokonzerwa nekugara kwenguva refu kune asbestos fibers.

Asbestos ndeye yakasikwa hydrated calcium uye magnesium silicate. Inotsanangurwa neseti yemhando dzefibrous yemamwe mamineral. Asbestos yaishandiswa kakawanda mubasa rekuvaka uye muindasitiri yekuvaka kusvika 1997.

Asbestos inomiririra njodzi yehutano kana yakakuvadzwa, yakapwanyika kana kuboorwa, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kweguruva rine asbestos fibers. Izvi zvinogona kufemerwa nevanhu vakafumurwa zvoita kuti pave nemhedzisiro yehutano.

Kana guruva rikafemerwa, aya asbestos fibers anosvika kumapapu uye anogona kukonzera kukuvara kwenguva refu. Iri guruva rinosanganisira asbestos fibers saka rinokuvadza kune munhu ari kusangana nayo. (1)

Kuti asbestosis ikure, kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune yakakwira nhamba yeasbestos fibers inodiwa.

Kugara kwenguva refu kune yakawanda yakawanda yeasbestos fibers, zvisinei, haisi iyo chete yengozi yekuvandudza chirwere. Uyezve, kudzivirira kuratidzwa kwevanhu kune iyi yakasikwa silicate yakakosha kuitira kudzivirira chero njodzi yekukura kweiyo pathology. (1)

Chirwere ichi chinoratidzwa nekuputika kwemapapu emapapu.

Chirwere chisingadzoreki chisina kurapwa chakagadzirwa.

Zviratidzo zveasbestosis ndezvokufema kwekufema, chikosoro chinoramba chiripo, kuneta kwakanyanya, kufema nokukurumidza uye kurwadziwa muchipfuva.

Iyi pathology inogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwemurwere uye kukonzera mamwe matambudziko. Matambudziko aya anogona kuuraya munhu anenge abatwa. (3)

Kugara kwenguva refu kune nhamba huru yezvikamu zvine asbestos fibers zvinogona kutungamirira kuasbestosis.

Muchiitiko chekukura kweasbestosis, mafiber aya anogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwemapapu (fibrosis) uye zvinotungamira mukuvandudzwa kwezvimwe zviratidzo hunhu: (1)

- kupfupika kwekufema kunogona kuoneka mushure mekuita kwemuviri pakutanga uyezve kukura zvishoma musekondi;

- chikosoro chisingaperi;

- kufema;

- kuneta kwakanyanya;

- kurwadziwa muchipfuva;

– kuzvimba pamunwe.

Ikozvino kuongororwa kwevanhu vane asbestosis inowanzobatanidzwa nekusingaperi uye kwenguva refu kuratidzwa kune asbestos fibers. Kazhinji, kufumurwa kunoenderana nebasa remunhu.

Vanhu vane rudzi urwu rwechiratidzo avo vakambogara vachisangana neasbestos munguva yakapfuura vanorayirwa zvakasimba kuti vaone chiremba wavo kuitira kuti vaone chirwere ichi.

Asbestosis chirwere chinokura mushure mekudzokorora kuratidzwa kune nhamba huru yeasbestos fibers.

Kuratidzira kazhinji kunoitika panzvimbo yebasa yemunhu wenyaya. Zvimwe zvikamu zvezviitiko zvinogona kunyanya kukanganiswa nechiitiko chacho. Asbestos yakashandiswa kwenguva yakareba mukuvaka, kuvaka uye kuchera zvicherwa zvikamu. (1)

Mukati mehupenyu hune hutano, panguva yekubatana nemuviri wekune imwe nyika (pano, panguva yekufema kweguruva rine asbestos fibers), masero ekudzivirira muviri (macrophages) anoita kuti zvikwanise kurwisana nayo. uye kuidzivirira kuti isasvike kuropa uye dzimwe nhengo dzinokosha (mapapu, mwoyo, zvichingodaro).

Panyaya yekufema kweasbestos fibers, macrophages ane dambudziko guru mukuabvisa kubva mumuviri. Nekuda kurwisa uye kuparadza inhaled asbestos fibers, macrophages anokuvadza pulmonary alveoli (mabhegi madiki aripo mumapapu). Aya maronda ealveolar anokonzerwa nekudzivirira kwemuviri maitiro echirwere.

Aya alveoli ane basa rakakosha mukufambiswa kweokisijeni mukati memuviri. Vanobvumira kupinda kweokisijeni muropa uye kusunungurwa kwecarbon dioxide.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo alveoli inokuvadzwa kana kukuvadzwa, iyi nzira yekugadzirisa magasi mumuviri inobatwa uye zviratidzo zveatypical zvinoonekwa: kupfupika kwekufema, kufema, nezvimwewo (1)

Zvimwe zviratidzo uye zvirwere zvinogonawo kusanganiswa neasbestosis, zvakadai se: (2)

- calcification ye pleura ichiita pleural plaques (kuunganidza lime deposits mu membrane yakavhara mapapu);

- mesothelium yakaipa (cancer yepleura) inogona kukura makore makumi maviri kusvika makumi mana mushure mekugara kwenguva refu kune asbestos fibers;

- pleural effusion, ndiko kuvapo kwemvura mukati me pleura;

- kenza yemapapu.

Kuoma kwechirwere ichi kwakanangana nenguva yekusangana neasbestos fibers uye chiyero cheizvi inhaled. Zviratidzo zveasbestosis zvinowanzoonekwa makore maviri mushure mekusangana neasbestos fibers. (2)

Izvozvi zvinodzora zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kudzikisira kuratidzwa kwevanhu kune asbestos kuburikidza nekutonga, kurapwa uye kutarisa, kunyanya kune ekare kumisikidzwa. Kurambidzwa kwekushandiswa kweasbestos muchikamu chekuvaka inyaya yechisungo kubva 1996.

Chinhu chikuru chengozi yekugadzira asbestosis ndeyekusingaperi (kwenguva refu) kuratidzwa kune nhamba huru yeguruva rine asbestos fibers. Kufumurwa kunoitika kuburikidza nekufemerwa kwezvimedu zvidiki muchimiro cheguruva, kuparara kwezvivakwa, kutorwa kwemamineral nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Kusvuta ndiyo imwe njodzi yekuwedzera kweiyo pathology. (2)

Chikamu chekutanga chekuongororwa kweasbestosis ndiko kubvunzurudza nechiremba mukuru, uyo panguva yekuongorora kwake, anoona kuvapo munyaya yezviratidzo zvechirwere chechirwere.

Zvichipesana nemamiriro echirwere ichi chinokanganisa mapapu, kana akaonekwa aine stethoscope, anoburitsa hunhu hunotsemuka.

Mukuwedzera, kusiyanisa kuongororwa kunotsanangurwa nemhinduro pamusoro penhoroondo yemamiriro ekushanda kwechinyorwa, panguva inogona kuitika yeasbestos, nezvimwewo (1)

Kana kukura kweasbestosis kuchifungidzirwa, kubvunzurudza ne pulmonologist kunodiwa kuti usimbise kuongororwa. Kuzivikanwa kwemaronda emapapu kunoitwa uchishandisa: (1)

- x-ray yemapapu kuti aone kusagadzikana muchimiro chemapapu;

- computed tomography yemapapu (CT). Iyi nzira yekuona inopa yakadzama mifananidzo yemapapu, iyo pleura (membrane yakatenderedza mapapu) uye pleural cavity. Iyo CT scan inoburitsa pachena kusagadzikana mumapapu.

- pulmonary tests inoita kuti zvikwanise kuongorora kukanganisa kwekukuvara kwemapapu, kuona huwandu hwemhepo huri mu pulmonary alveoli uye kuva nemaonero ekufamba kwemhepo kubva mu membrane yemapapu. mapapu kuropa.

Kusvika iye zvino, hapana kurapa kwechirwere ichi. Zvisinei, dzimwe nzira dziripo kuitira kuderedza migumisiro yechirwere, kuderedza zviratidzo uye kugadzirisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevarwere.

Sezvo fodya iri imwe njodzi yekuwedzera chirwere pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwezviratidzo, varwere vanosvuta vanokurudzirwa zvakasimba kurega kusvuta. Nokuda kweizvi, mhinduro dziripo dzakadai semishonga kana mishonga.

Mukuwedzera, muhupo hweasbestosis, mapapu ehurukuro saka anonyanya kugadzikana uye anonyanya kutarisana nekukura kwezvirwere.

Saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti murwere azive majekiseni ake ane chekuita nemishonga inokonzeresa furuwenza kana pneumonia. (1)

Mumhando dzakakomba dzechirwere, muviri wenyaya hauchakwanisi kuita nemazvo mamwe mabasa akakosha. Nenzira iyi, kurapwa kweokisijeni kunogona kukurudzirwa kana mwero weokisijeni muropa wakadzikira pane zvakajairika.

Kazhinji, varwere vane asbestosis havabatsirwe nemishonga chaiyo.

Kune rumwe rutivi, kana pane kuvapo kwemamwe mamiriro emapapu, akadai seChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), mishonga inogona kurongerwa.

Mhosva dzakakomba dzinogona zvakare kubatsirwa nemishonga yakadai sediki dosi re morphine kuderedza kupfupika kwekufema uye kukosora. Mukuwedzera, migumisiro yakaipa (magumisiro) kune aya maduku maduku e morphine anowanzoonekwa: kuvimbiswa, migumisiro yemararamiro, nezvimwewo (1)

Kubva pakuona kwekudzivirira, vanhu vanogara vachifumurwa kweanopfuura makore gumi vanofanirwa kuve neradiographic monitoring yemapapu ega ega 10 kusvika kumakore mashanu kuitira kuti vaone chero zvirwere zvakabatana nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Mukuwedzera, kuderedza zvakanyanya kana kurega kusvuta kunoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekuva nekenza yemapapu. (2)