Astronotus: tsananguro, kuchengetedza uye kutarisirwa mu aquarium, kubereka

Hove dzeAquarium dzinofarirwa kwazvo pakati pevateveri kuchengetedza hove mu aquariums kumba. Astronotuses inomiririra rudzi rwecichlid, iyo inonziwo zvakasiyana: peacock hove, oscar, ocellatus kana velvet cichlid.

Astronotuses: tsananguro

Astronotus inomiririra chikamu chehove hombe dzemu aquarium, saizi yaro mumasikirwo ingangoita 40 cm. Kana iwe ukachengeta hove iyi mumamiriro ekugadzira, ipapo astronotus inokura kusvika 22 cm kureba. ine hunhu hunobuda. Astronotus zvakare inosiyana mune yakasarudzika mavara. Mhando yakasiyana-siyana yeastronotus ine ruvara rutsvuku rwemuviri inofarirwa zvikuru. Hove dzechidiki dzinotiyeuchidza nezvevabereki vavo, asi dzinosiyana mutsvuku wakachena, anenge marasha ane mavara makuru uye kuvapo kwechimiro chiduku muchimiro chenyeredzi dzakapararira pamusoro pemuviri.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive! Vazhinji veAquarist vanoziva nezvekuvapo kwemhando yekuberekesa albino yemhando tsvuku yeAstronotus, ine zvimbi zvichena uye inonzi "Red Oscar".

Mavara ekutanga eAstronotus anosiyana pakati pegreyish-brown hue, pamwe nejet black hue. Kune mavara makuru pamuviri, zvisizvo zvakapararira mumuviri wose, asi pasina chimiro chakajeka chejometri, pamwe chete nemhando dzakajeka dzejometri. Muchiitiko ichi, mavara anosiyaniswa neyero tint uye kuvapo kwemuganhu wakasviba. Pazasi pecaudal fin, unogona kuona nzvimbo nhema, yakakura uye yakaumbwa nemutsara weorenji. Pachitarisiko, chivara ichi chakafanana neziso repakati nepakati. "Ziso" rimwechete riri munharaunda yedorsal fin, kunyange zvazvo rakatambanudzwa kureba.

dzinogara zvisikwa

Nyika dzakaita seBrazil, Venezuela, Guiana neParaguay, dzinosiyaniswa nemamiriro ekunze anodziya, dzinoonekwa senzvimbo yekuzvarwa kwehove idzi dzemu aquarium. Anenge makore 100 apfuura, hove idzi dzakatanga kuunzwa kuEurope, mushure mokunge dzakaonekwa munharaunda yenyika yedu. Nenguva isipi, hove yakave yakakurumbira pakati penharaunda ye aquarist.

Panguva imwecheteyo, astronotus yakanyatso kujairana muSouth America, uko ivo chinhu chakakurumbira chekutamba hove. Mapurazi makuru mazhinji anodzidzira kupfuya marudzi akasiyana ehove dzekushongedza ari kuberekawo astronotus. Chaizvoizvo, kusarudzwa kunopiwa kune zvakasiyana-siyana se "red Oscar".

Kuchengetedza uye kutarisira mu aquarium

Mazuva ano aquarists, zvichida, ane cichlids inonyanya kufarirwa uye inozivikanwa, iyo inomiririrwa neAstronotus. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti hove idzi dzekushongedza dzine magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi hwenjere. Varidzi vakawanda vanocherechedza zvinhu zvakadai sekuti hove dzinogona kuziva muridzi wadzo uye panguva imwechete dzinokubvumira kuti udzirove. Panguva imwecheteyo, hazvina kuoma kuvadzidzisa maitiro akareruka.

Kusarudza aquarium

Nokuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu ekuchengetedza, zvakakosha kupa hove nemvura inodziya, ine kutonhora kwe23 kusvika ku27 degrees, iyo inofanirawo kuva yakachena. Naizvozvo, pamwe chete neiyo aquarium, iwe unofanirwa kubva watenga thermometer uye hita. Panguva imwecheteyo, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti pane mamwe nuances mune zviri mukati me astronotus. Mvura inodziya kwazvo, uye kunyanya kana yakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba, inogona kutungamirira kunzara yeokisijeni. Somugumisiro, mhasuru, kusanganisira mhasuru dzemwoyo, pamwe chete nehurongwa hwetsinga zvinokuvadzwa zvisingatarisirwi muhove. Mvura inotonhora yakanyanyisa inogona kuderedza kusadzivirirwa kwehove, uye dzinonyanya kubatwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvakanyanya uye kunyange kuuraya.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive! Izvo zvakakosha kuti uve newater filtration system. Muchiitiko ichi, chigadziro chinofanira kunge chakasimba zvakakwana kuitira kuti chikwanise kuchenesa mvura yakawanda.

Tichifunga kuti hove dzeastronotus hadzisi diki, iwe uchada aquarium ine huwandu hunosvika 150 litres isingasviki. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti vhoriyamu yakadaro inodiwa kune hove imwe neimwe yega. Ava vamiririri ve-perch-like order vanobereka tsvina yakawanda munguva yehupenyu hwavo. Panyaya iyi, zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvinoiswa pane filtration system. Kutanga, inofanira kuva nekushanda kwepamusoro. Chechipiri, kamwe chete pasvondo iwe uchafanirwa kuita 25% shanduko yemvura ye aquarium nemvura yakachena. Nekuda kwekusefa kwakasimba, zvinokwanisika kubvisa chepfu yakaunganidzwa panguva yakakodzera. Kuti udzore kushanda kwemasefa, zvinodikanwa kugara uchiachenesa kubva pakusvibiswa. Izvo zvinodiwawo kutarisa kuoma kwemvura (kwete kupfuura 25 dH) uye acidity yayo (mukati me6,5-75 pH).

Kugarisana, maitiro

Mazuva ano ma aquarist ane ruzivo akasvika pakugumisa kuti aya maperciform anonyatso chengetwa akaparadzana. Vavakidzani vavo vanogona kunge vari vamiririri vakafanana vemhuri yecichlid, muchimiro chemaodzanyemba makuru kana Central America cichlids.

Kuti uve mune imwe aquarium, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza mhando dzinenge dzakafanana maitiro. Haafanire kunge achinyanya kushanda kana kungoita zvekungoita. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kuziva nezvechinhu chakadaro sekugara mu aquarium yemarudzi ese e cichlids panguva imwe chete. Iyi nzira ichakubvumidza kuti ubvise mhedzisiro yekukundwa kwenzvimbo nevanhu vakasimba kana vanhu vakaonekwa mu aquarium nguva pfupi yapfuura.

Kudya uye kudya

Hwaro hwechikafu chekudya che astronotus chiri mu aquarium ndeichi:

• Chipfukuto chikuru.
• Makonye epasi.
• Yakaonda nyama yemombe.
• Moyo webhuru wakapwanyika.
• Fillets emhando dzakasiyana dzehove dzemugungwa.
• Chikafu chakakosha chakagadzirwa-chakaoma chevakuru cichlids.

Vakuru cichlids vane makaro zvikuru. Hazvinei kuti waisa chikafu chakawanda sei, vachachidya chese. Nokudaro, kuitira kuti varege kukudziridza matambudziko nemararamiro emimba, vanofanira kudyiswa kwete kanopfuura 1 nguva pazuva. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kuronga mazuva ekutsanya.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive! Mwoyo wemombe (yakachekwa) inokurudzirwa kupiwa kuAstronotus kanopfuura kamwe pamwedzi. Iyi nzira inobvisa kuonekwa kwekufutisa mumunhu uye inobatsira pakugara kubereka kwehove.

Inokurudzirwawo kuwedzera kudya kwecichlids, kusanganisira cichlids, kurarama hove duku, tadpoles uye matatya maduku, squid uye shrimp. Pasina kukundikana, kudya kunofanira kusanganisira zvinhu zvemiti yakabva. Kuti uite izvi, unogona kushandisa crumb yechingwa chakasviba, oatmeal flakes, sipinashi yakagurwa, pamwe ne lettuce. Muchiitiko ichi, hutano hwehove dze aquarium hunoenderana nekugona kwekudya kwehove kwakarongeka pamwe chete nemhuka uye chikafu chekudyara. Asi chero zvakadaro, hove mhenyu dzehukuru hudiki dzinofanirwa kusarudzwa, sezvo mumasikirwo ichi ndicho chikafu chavo chikuru.

Kubereka uye vana

Varume vakura pabonde vanosiyana nevakadzi vakura mune zvakasiyana-siyana. Semuyenzaniso:

• Hadzi dzakura dzine chikamu chedumbu chakaurungana.
• Varume vane chinhambwe chakakura pakati pemeso avo pane vakadzi.
• Mboro yekumashure yehadzi yakaita sepear. Muvarume, chikamu ichi chezvipere chakaenzana, pasina mabulges.
• Varume vakuru vanosiyana nevakadzi vakuru muhukuru zvishoma kana vari vezera rimwe chete.
• Mapilvic fins ehurume akati rebei zvishoma uye ane chitarisiko chakati chechetere pane echikadzi.
• Nzvimbo yepamberi yevakadzi haina kuenzana kana ichienzaniswa nechikamu chepamberi chevarume.

Zvose zviri pamusoro apa zvinogona kutorwa semutungamiri kana zvakakosha kusiyanisa varume kubva kuvakadzi, kunyange zvazvo vachionekwa sehama zvikuru. Vanhu veAstronotus vanokura pabonde pazera re2 makore. Kuti hove dzemu aquarium dzibereke pasina matambudziko, dzinofanirwa kuiswa mune yakajairika aquarium ine inokwana 300 malita. Kana hove dzakagadziriswa zvakasiyana, iwe uchada huwandu hunosvika 200 malita muhuwandu uye yakanaka filtration uye aeration system. Panguva imwe chete, panofanira kuva nedombo guru rakati sandara pasi, apo hadzi ichakandira mazai ayo.

Pamberi pekubereka, mukadzi anoumba ovipositor, iyo inogona kuonekwa neziso rakashama. Vakuru vanobereka anenge mwedzi woga woga ka10 mumutsara, mushure mezvo vanotora zororo, kutora mwedzi miviri kana zvishoma.

Mashoko anonakidza! Iyo fry inoberekwa haisi kukura uye kukura nenzira imwechete, saka inofanira kugara yakarongedzwa, kana zvisina kudaro fry yakakura inotanga kutora zviduku.

Kuti ubudirire kuberekesa, zvinodikanwa kufunga nezvekuwedzera kwekudya kweAstronotus, kunyanya maererano nezvokudya zvemhuka zvakabva kumhuka, zvakadai semakonye ezvipembenene, ropa, makonye, ​​nezvimwewo.

Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kuvapa zvidimbu zvemombe yakaonda, pamwe chete nehove duku. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvinodikanwa kusimudza tembiricha yemvura nemadhigirii akati wandei, uku uchipa astronotus nekuwedzera uye kureba kwechiedza. Zviri nani kutsiva chikamu chemvura nemvura yakabikwa. Kana hadzi yakandira mazai, mukono unoaberekesa pakarepo. Iyo masonry inogona kutumirwa kune incubator kana kusiiwa pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwevabereki vaviri. Astronotus ndeimwe yehove idzo dzinochengetedza uye dzinotarisira vana vadzo venguva yemberi. Vanobvisa mazai asina kuvharwa kubva kune masonry uye vanodyisa achangoberekwa fry nemafuta eganda.

Bvisa zvirwere

Astronotus ihove dzemu aquarium hadzina kuzvininipisa uye dzinodzivirira zvirwere. Pasinei nemaitiro akadaro emhando, vanogona kurwara nezvirwere zvinowanzoitika uye zvinotapukira. Aya ndiwo maronda efungal kana mabhakitiriya.

Utachiona hwehutachiona hunowanzoitwa mumamiriro ekugadzirisa kusina kukwana, pamwe chete nekudya kusina kukwana, zvichiita kuti kuderedzwa kwekudzivirira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvirwere zvakadaro, maronda, cavities uye kuora mwoyo kunoonekwa pamuviri wehove. Sezvo mutemo, ichi ndicho chikonzero chekushayikwa kwevhithamini nemaminerari, izvo zvinosanganiswa nekudya kwakashata uye mvura yakasviba, iyo isingawanzotsiviwa nemvura yakachena. Kurapa kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya, zvakakosha kuti udzokorore kudya, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanyanya uye zvine mwero, pamwe nekushandisa Metronidazole.

Ruzivo rwakakosha! Ivhareji yehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemhando iyi huri pamwero wemakore gumi nemaviri. Pasi pemamiriro ekutarisirwa kwakakodzera, kudya kwakanaka, matanho ekudzivirira, idzi hove dze aquarium dzinogona kurarama kusvika kumakore gumi nemashanu, kana kutopfuura.

Muzviitiko zvekuratidzwa kwezvirwere zveparasitic kana utachiona, zvinodikanwa kudzidzira quarantine matanho. Hazvikurudzirwi kuunza hove dzerwizi mukudya kweAstronotus, iyo inogona kushanda senzvimbo yezvipembenene zvakasiyana. Usati wamisa aquarium, ivhu rinofanirwa kuiswa mu aquarium rinofanira kuiswa pasi pekupisa kurapwa. Miti uye zvimwe zvinhu, pamwe nekushongedza, zvinobatwa nemhinduro isina simba ye potassium permanganate.

Mhinduro yemuridzi

Vane ruzivo aquarists vanokurudzira kuti, kana uchironga aquarium, ita shuwa kuti hove dzine kumwe kwekuhwanda. Muchiitiko ichi, vachanzwa kunyanya kusununguka.

Idzi nhengo dzemhuri ye cichlid dzinowanzoronga nzvimbo yose ye aquarium zvichienderana nezvavanofarira. Panyaya iyi, munhu anogona kazhinji kuona mufananidzo kana hove dziri mubishi kufambisa zvinhu zvekushongedza, senge driftwood kana matombo. Zvichienderana nechinhu ichi chehupenyu hweastronotus, zvinhu zvese zvekushongedza hazvifanirwe kusanganisira zvinopinza zvinhu.

Somugumisiro wekuchengetedza vamiririri veperciformes mu aquarium, zvakagumiswa kuti zviri nani kudyisa vaduku nehonye yeropa, uye zvikamu zvakakura zvinodyiwa zvinofanira kupiwa kuvanhu vakuru. Paunenge uchishandisa Earthworms sechikafu, zviri nani kuachenesa kubva kune tsvina uye wogeza mumvura. Mhedzisiro yakanaka inogona kutarisirwa pakudyisa hove dze aquarium neprotein yakachekwa, iyo inogona kugadzirirwa pahwaro hwemombe yakaonda, nyama yesquid, chiropa uye zvidimbu zvemoyo. Mushure mekubika nyama yakagayiwa, inoiswa mufiriji.

Astronotus imhuka dzemhando yepamusoro dzinoda chikafu chine mapuroteni. Zvitoro zvezvipfuyo zvinopa sarudzo yakakura yeakakosha, yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa chikafu chehove dze aquarium. Panguva imwecheteyo, munhu anofanirwa kufunga nezvekuti pasi pemamiriro echisikigo, astronotus inodyisa vamiririri vapenyu vemhuka, nehuwandu hwehove duku. Nokudaro, kusimbiswa kunofanira kuiswa zvakanyatsonaka pazvinhu zvakadaro zvezvokudya zvavo.

Kusiyanisa kudya kwehove iyi, unogona kuvadyisa zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana uye invertebrates, pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvokudya, zvose zvitsva uye nechando. Zvinogonekawo kushandisa chikafu chakaomeswa nechando.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive! Pane imwe nguva, unofanira kupa hove zvokudya zvakawanda zvokuti vanogona kuidya kwemaminitsi maviri. Kana chikafu chikaramba chiri mu aquarium, vanotanga kuora, kuvhara mvura. Mhando dzose dzebhakitiriya uye mamwe ma microorganisms anotanga kukura mumvura isina kuchena.

In mhedziso

Sekureva kwevaridzi vazhinji, astronotus yakasarudzika hove dze aquarium. Kana mamiriro ekugara akasununguka akagoverwa kwavari, nekudya kwakakodzera uye kutarisirwa, saka vanokwanisa kufadza mhuri dzose nemaitiro avo anonakidza kwemakore mazhinji. Idzi ihove dzine hungwaru dzakanamirana natenzi wadzo. Uyezve, kuitira kuti hove dzigare dzakagwinya, hazvidi zvakanyanya kudiwa: aquarium yakakura, yakachena uye inodziya mvura, kuvapo kwenzvimbo mu aquarium kuitira kuti uvande uye chikafu chakapfuma muprotein.

Nehurombo, vazhinji havanzwisise izvi uye, kana vachitenga hove dze aquarium, vanotenda kuti zvakakwana kuvadyisa zvakawanda. Somugumisiro, varidzi vakadaro vanotarisana nematambudziko akawanda apo hove dzinotanga kurwara uye dzimwe nguva dzinofa. Kazhinji, hove dzinoberekerwa kuitira kuti vangofadza vana uye vape kune kutarisira kwevana, avo vanowanzokanganwa kuvadyisa, uye havakwanisi kuita mabasa akawanda ane chinangwa chekuchengetedza mararamiro ehupenyu. Chero chipi zvacho chingataurwa, asi pasina vabereki hazvizoiti kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutora chikamu kwenhengo dzese dzemhuri mukuita uku chinhu chakakosha chedzidzo. Mumwe munhu, uye vana vanozviona senge pasina mumwe munhu. Kana munhu wese ari mumhuri anobatsira mumwe nemumwe, ipapo nhengo dzese dzemhuri dzinotanga kunzwisisana. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha muukama huri pakati pevana nevabereki vavo. Vana vakawanda vanogunun’una nekushaya hanya nevabereki vavo, izvo zvinoratidza kuti vabereki havatori rutivi mukurerwa kwevana vavo.

Chinhu chikuru ndechokuchengeta vana vako vakabatikana nechimwe chinhu, asi nzira iyi inofanira kudzorwa uye hapana chimwe chinhu.