Ataxia - chii, ndeapi maitiro ayo uye inorapwa sei?

Proven content

Nhanho inodedera, matambudziko ekuchengetedza kudzikama kana kutaura kwakashata kunowanzobatanidzwa nekuita mushure mekunwa doro rakawandisa kana zvimwe zvinodhaka. Muchokwadi, zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuve chiratidzo chechirwere chakakomba senge ataxia. Mhedzisiro yaro ndeyekusawirirana kwemhasuru, kuomerwa kuchengetedza chiyero uye kurongeka kwemota, pamwe nezvinetso nekutaura kwakajeka uye kuona kwakaringana. Chii chinonzi ataxia? Chii chinogona kukonzera uye kuti ungazviziva sei?

Chii chinonzi ataxia?

Ataxia, neimwe nzira inozivikanwa sekusagadzikana, ine zita rayo kune izwi rinobva mumutauro wechiGiriki rinoreva "pasina kurongeka". Ataxia idambudziko reiyo locomotor system semugumisiro wekukuvadza kune zvivako zvinotarisirwa nekugadzirisa motokari.

Ataxia inokonzera matambudziko mukuchengetedza chiyero uye kuita mafambiro zvakanaka uye nemazvo. Iko kurongeka kwekufamba kunoenderana nekushanda kwakaringana kwetsinga system uye kukuvadzwa kune chero chinhu chayo kunogona kutungamirira kuataxia. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chinokonzera kuonekwa kweataxia kukanganisa kumusana wepelinha kana cerebellum.

Mutsipa wemuzongoza unotumira ruzivo kubva kune zvinogamuchirwa zviri mumamhasuru kuenda kucerebellum. Yakagadzirirwa kudzora kushanda kwemapoka akasiyana-siyana emasumbu. Kukuvadza kune chero chimiro kunokonzera ataxia, uye ipapo kuwirirana kwemisungo kunovhiringidzika, asi kwete simba ravo. Ataxia chirwere chinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwezuva nezuva kwevarwere. Zviitiko zvakapfava zvakaita sekubata zvinhu, kufamba kana kutaura zvinova zvisingaite uye zvikakura dambudziko kumunhu ane ataxia.

Kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti ndeupi hunyanzvi hwemotokari uye udzidze nezve kusagadzikana kwayo, tarisa: Hunyanzvi hwemotokari - hunhu, kusagadzikana uye kudzidzira maekisesaizi

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zveataxia?

Ataxia sechiratidzo chetsinga inogona kuva nezvikonzero zvakawanda. Mapoka etsandanyama anogona kushanda zvakanaka nekuda kwekubatana kwezvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana zvetsinga. Kukuvadza kune chimwe chezvinhu zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa mukufamba kwakakodzera uye kuonekwa kweataxia. Kutanga kweataxia kunokonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kweuropi, musana, kana tsinga, asi chinonyanya kukonzera kukanganisa kwecerebellum.

Zvikonzero cerebellar ataxia zvakanyanya:

1. cerebellar bundu kana metastasis kubva kune imwe nhengo yakadai se medulloblastoma, astrocytoma uye hemangioma;
2. kukuvara kwevascular kune cerebellum, ndiko kuti, sitiroko;
3. chirwere chetachiona - hypothyroidism;
4. hutachiona hwehutachiona uye zvirwere zvecerebellum, somuenzaniso: HIV;
5. multiple sclerosis, demyelinating chirwere chetsinga;
6. chirwere chechiliac;
7. subacute sclerosing encephalitis complication yegwirikwiti;
8. Chirwere chaWilson, icho chakatemerwa genetically, uye chikonzero chayo ndechekuchinja muATP7B gene. Chirwere ichi chinokonzera pathological mhangura deposition mumuviri;
9. kukuvara kwechepfu kune cerebellum kubva kunwa doro rakawanda, zvinodhaka kana mimwe mishonga, kana carbon dioxide poisoning;
10. kushomeka kwevhitamini E, mavhitaminzi B1 uye B12 mumuviri.

Kana kunzwa ataxia zvikonzero zvikuru zvinosanganisira:

1. kukanganisa kumusana wepelinha semugumisiro wekuderera kwemusana kana kana chiitiko chekukuvara kwemagetsi;
2. kukuvadza kune ganglia yekunzwa semugumisiro wechirwere chegomarara
3. Guillain-Barry syndrome - zvirwere zvine chokuita nekudzivirira zvirwere zvinokanganisa peripheral nerves;
4. matambudziko eshuga, eg hypoglycaemia, semugumisiro wekuti mitsipa yakakuvadzwa, iyo inonzi diabetic neuropathy;
5. kukuvara kwetsinga kunokonzerwa nekurapwa ne vincristine inoshandiswa muchemotherapy kana anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid;
6. heavy metal poisoning;
7. kuwanda sclerosis.

Kupfupikisa zvese zvikonzero zvinokonzera ataxia, vanogona kukamurwa kuva mapoka makuru matatu:

1. neurodegenerative chirwere kukonzera kurasikirwa kwemasero etsinga;
2. congenital zvinokonzeraizvo zvingava genetic kana nhaka
3. zvirwere zvemagetsi semuenzaniso, hypoglycemia. 

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Mhando dzeataxia

Imwe yezvikamu zveataxia imhaka yechikonzero chayo. Isu tinosimbisa pano cerebellar ataxia uye sensory ataxia.

Yokutanga yakabatana nekukuvadza kune cerebellum, iyo iri chikamu chehindbrain. Iyo cerebellum ine basa rekudzora hunyanzvi hwemotokari yemuviri uye ine basa rekurongeka, kurongeka uye nguva yekufamba. Nekuda kwekushanda kwakanaka kwecerebellum, mapoka emhasuru anodzorwa uye mafambiro anotarisirwa anoitwa nemazvo.

Rudzi rwechipiri rweataxia, kana kunzwa, kunokonzerwa nekuvhiringidzwa kwenzira dzinoita manzwiro akadzika kana nekukuvadza kune tambo dzepashure dzemusana. Kunzwa kwakadzama kune basa rekuzivisa nezve chinzvimbo chemuviri wedu, nepo tambo dzekumashure dzine mutoro wekunzwa kusarura kunosanganisira kugona kusiyanisa zviviri zvinokurudzira zvinoshanda pamuviri wedu panguva imwe chete.

Nekuda kwezvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha, tinogona kusiyanisa nazvo rudzi rweataxia tiri kubata. Yokutanga ndiyo nystagmus, inova kufamba kusingaite uye kuine rhythmic kwemaziso. Ichi chiratidzo hunhu hwecerebellar ataxia.

Chimwe chinhu ndechekuvhiringidzika kwebasa rekutaura, izvo zvisingaitiki munyaya yekunzwa ataxia, asi chiratidzo chechiratidzo che cerebellar ataxia.

Chinhu chekupedzisira ipfungwa yekumisikidza muviri wako, kureva kunzwa kwakadzika, nyonganiso inova hunhu hwekunzwa ataxia uye hazviitike muchiitiko checerebellar ataxia.

Imwe kupatsanurwa kweataxia inotaura nezvemhando mbiri - congenital uye yakawanikwa. Congenital ataxia zvine chekuita nemutoro wemajini. Imwe yacho ndeye heredoataxia, iyo inogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Munyaya yemajini makuru, spinocerebellar ataxia uye episodic ataxia inogarwa nhaka. Mukupesana, recessive majini ane mutoro Friedreich's ataxia.

Friedreich's ataxia chirwere chemajini chinokuvadza hurongwa hwetsinga uye tsandanyama yemoyo. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogona kuonekwa vasati vasvika makore makumi maviri uye zvinotanga kuonekwa ne gait ataxia, kureva kuoma uye kunonoka kutanga kwekufamba muvana, uye gare gare, kukanganiswa kwekufambisa kwemotokari. Kazhinji, chirwere chacho chinogona kusanganiswa ne optic atrophy uye kushaya pfungwa, uye hupenyu hwemurwere hunowanzo rege kuponeswa mushure mekuongororwa.

Imwe mhando yeataxia ndeye mhando 1 spinocerebellar ataxia. Chiitiko chayo chinokonzerwa nekushandurwa kweATXN1 gene, iyo ine mirairo yekugadzira ataxin-1. Cerebellar ataxia inozviratidza sedambudziko mukuchengetedza chiyero, kunyanya inzira isina kugadzikana, kuomerwa nekuchengetedza nzvimbo yakatwasuka yemuviri, rhythmic musoro kufamba. Somugumisiro wekukura kwechirwere, panogona kuva nekuzorora kwakakwana kwemhasuru, dyssynergy, kureva kuvhiringidzika kwemvura yekufamba, dysmetria - kusakwanisa kumira chero nguva ipi zvayo, kudedera kwemakumbo, kurwadza kwemasuru, matambudziko ekuona uye nystagmus.

Mhando yekupedzisira yeataxia ndeye ataxia telangiectasia, kureva Louis-Bar syndrome. Chirwere ichi inhaka, zvinoenderana recessive majini uye kukura muhuduku. Chiratidzo chekare che telangiectasia ataxia kusaenzana, kuwedzera kwenzeve uye conjunctiva, nystagmus, kutaura kusina kunaka, kunonoka kuyaruka, uye kazhinji hutachiona hwekufema. Kuti uongorore rudzi urwu rweataxia, kuongorora kweAFO (Alpha-fetoprotein) kunoitwa kana maitiro emasero machena eropa nekuda kweX-rays anoonekwa.

Chii chakakosha kuziva nezvekukura kwakaringana? Tarisa: Physiology yekuyaruka

Ataxia inoratidzwa sei?

Kuongorora ataxia inowanzova yakaoma zvikuru nokuti muchikamu chekutanga hachiiti kushushikana mumunhu anorwara uye inovhiringidzika nekusagadzikana mukufamba. Kazhinji, kushanya kwachiremba kunobvumira kuongororwa kweataxia uye kuziva kwemurwere nezvedambudziko rakamukanganisa. Kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo zveataxia zvisiri nyore kutarisa, kunyanya mumatanho ekutanga echirwere, zvakakosha kudzidza pamusoro pezviratidzo zvekare zvinogona kuchenjerera kusvinura kwedu.

Chiratidzo chekutanga chinooneka pakutanga ndechekuvhiringidza kwekufamba. Izvi zvinowanzozviratidza mune inodaidzwa kuti kufamba kwemutyairi wechikepe, kureva kufamba pahwaro hwakafara nekuda kwekufaranuka kwemakumbo. Kuvhiringidza kwekufamba kunogonawo kuratidzwa nekusakwanisa kufamba nenzira yakarurama kana kuwira kune rumwe rutivi.

Chimwe chiratidzo kuomerwa kwekuita kukurumidza kuchinjana mafambiro, kunonzi postponed chokineza. Semuenzaniso, kuoma kwekurova ibvi mukati uye kunze kweruoko.

Vanhu vane ataxia kazhinji vane matambudziko nekutaura kwakajeka, iyo inonzi dysarthria uye isiriyo innation, vane matambudziko nekutaura manzwi uye mazwi.

Mukuwedzera, varwere vanosangana nematambudziko emaziso akadai se nystagmus, kureva kungoita uye kusingadzoreki kufamba kwemaziso uye kukanganiswa kwekuona.

Chimwe chiratidzo chinobvumira chiremba kuti aone dambudziko mukushanda kwakakodzera kwecerebellum ndeye dysmetry, iyo inosanganiswa nekuongorora kusina kururama kwechinhambwe nemurwere. Panguva yekuongorora, munhu anonetseka kubata mhino nemunwe we index apo maziso akavharwa panguva imwe chete.

Vanhu vane ataxia vanosangana nematambudziko pakuita mafambiro chaiwo, uye vanowanzosangana ne hypotension, kureva kudzikira kwetsandanyama uye kusimba. Varwere vane ataxia vanowanzoomerwa nekubata zvinhu kana kusungira uye kusunungura mabhatani nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekudedera kwemaoko uye kusarongeka, kufambisa maoko kwemaoko.

Panyaya yekunzwa ataxia, murwere angave ane dambudziko rekutsvaga zvikamu zvemuviri wake, asinganzwi nzvimbo yavo uye nzvimbo. Ataxia inogonawo kukanganisa kuchinja kwekuziva mukugadzirisa mafungiro uye kukanganisa kuchinja kwepfungwa kunokonzera kusagadzikana kwepfungwa.

Vana vadiki vanogona kuve chiratidzo chechirwere chakakomba here? Verenga: Dilated vadzidzi - zvinogona zvikonzero uye zvekuita munyaya iyi

Ko ataxia inoratidzwa sei?

Nhanho yekutanga yekuongororwa kweataxia ndiko kucherechedza muviri wemurwere pachake. Kana ukacherechedza chero zvinhu zvingaratidza kukanganisa kwegadziriro yetsinga, zvakadai sekunetseka kufamba, kukanganiswa kwekugadzirisa motokari, matambudziko nekutaura, matambudziko nekubata zvinhu, unofanira kuona chiremba nokukurumidza.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo zviratidzo zviri pamusoro zviri kukura, zvishoma nezvishoma, unogona kuenda kuna chiremba wako wepamusoro uyo anogona kukuendesa kumusangano weurologist kuti uwane kuongororwa kwakarurama. Nekudaro, kana zviratidzo zvikangoerekana zvaitika, zvinodikanwa kuti ufonere ambulensi nekukurumidza kana kuenda kudhipatimendi rekukurumidzira.

Kushanya kwekutanga kune chiremba wetsinga kunotanga nekunyatsobvunzurudza nemurwere. Chiremba achakubvunza pamusoro pekuvapo kwezviratidzo zvakafanana mumhuri yako yepedyo, pamusoro penguva yekuitika kwezviratidzo, mamiriro ekuitika kwavo, kana zvinhu zvinowedzera. Chiremba achabvunzawo nezvezvimwe zvirwere zvinofambidzana kana mishonga yaunotora zuva rega rega, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwezvinokurudzira zvakadai sedoro, zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvinhu zvepfungwa.

Mushure mekubvunzurudzwa kwakakwana, chiremba achaitisa kuongororwa kwetsinga. Iwe unogona kukumbirwa kuti utore kufamba kwenguva pfupi kuhofisi iyo chiremba wako achaongorora kufamba kwako, kugadzikana, uye fluidity, kana iwe unogona kukumbirwa kunyora chinyorwa chipfupi kana kuita mimwe miedzo inokosha inogona kubatsira kuongorora ataxia.

Pakati pezviyedzo izvi, pane 5 dzinokosha:

1. ibvi - chitsitsinhoapo murwere akarara pasi uye anokumbirwa kuti aise chitsitsinho chake pamabvi erimwe gumbo uye aise pasi pasi petibial spine;
2. munwe - mhino, murwere anofanira kubata mhino yake pachake nechigunwe chake, uye ipapo kubata chiremba nemaziso ake akavhara;
3. achichinjanisa maekisesaiziapo chiremba anokumbira murwere kuti akurumidze kufambisa maoko ose panguva imwe chete;
4. psychodiagnoza – kureva kuongorora neuropsychological kwakanangana nekuongorora mashandiro anoita murwere;
5. electromyogram- inova chidzidzo chetsinga conduction.

Mushure mekuunganidza kubvunzurudza uye mushure mekuongororwa kwetsinga, zvichienderana nemigumisiro yayo, chiremba anogona kuraira mimwe miedzo.

Miedzo inogona kubatsira mukuita ongororo inosanganisira: kuongororwa murabhoritari yeropa, weti, cerebrospinal fluid, bvunzo dzekufungidzira dzakadai se: computed tomography yeuropi (CT) kana magnetic resonance imaging yeuropi (MRI) uye musana. Miedzo yakajairika inokurudzirwa neurologist kana ataxia ichifungidzirwa inosanganisira genetic test, neuropsychological test, nerve conduction test, uye electromyography (ENG / EMG).

Miedzo yakaitwa inobvumira chiremba wetsinga kuti aite chirwere icho, munyaya yekusimbiswa kweataxia, inobvumira kuziva rudzi rwayo uye zvinogona kukonzera. Zviratidzo zveataxia hazvifaniri kuderedzwa, sezvo zvingaratidza chirwere chakakomba chakadai se multiple sclerosis, cerebellar stroke.

Marii yekuongorora genetic inodhura uye inguvai yakakodzera kuita? Tarisa: Genetic research - mabhenefiti, hongu, mari

Ko ataxia inorapwa sei?

Kana murwere achinge aonekwa kuti ane ataxia, zvakakosha kuti anzwisise kuti chii chakakonzera. Kazhinji, kurapwa kweataxia kunosanganisira kubvisa zvikonzero zvechirwere ichi.

Apo ataxia inokonzerwa nekutora zvinodhaka kana kuisa chepfu mumuviri nehuturu, zvinowanzokwana kuti urege kuzvitora kuderedza zviratidzo zveataxia. Saizvozvo, kurapa ataxia inokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwevhitamini pamwe ne autoimmune, cancer kana metabolic zvirwere zvinogona kuvandudza mashandiro emuviri uye kuderedza zviratidzo. Munyaya yekuwana ataxia, mushure mekuongorora zvikonzero zvayo, mushure mekurapa kwakakodzera, muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinokwanisika kubvisa zvachose zviratidzo zvayo.

Zvisinei, munyaya ye congenital ataxia, kufungidzira hakuna tariro, uye dzimwe nguva kurapwa pachayo kunogona kugumira pakuedza kudzivisa kana kuderedza zviratidzo. Physiotherapists uye varapi vekutaura vanoita basa rinokosha pano, pamwe nekutsigirwa kwenyanzvi yepfungwa, mhuri uye vadiwa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kurapwa kweataxia kunosanganisira kugadzirisa uye kushanda nemushonga wekutaura, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwenhengo dzekufamba, kutaura, kuona uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwemurwere.

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Rehabilitation exercises kune vanhu vane ataxia

Mukurapa kweataxia, chirongwa chekudzorera chakakosha zvikuru uye chinofanira kuvandudzwa uye kutarisirwa ne physiotherapist. Panewo maekisesaizi aunogona kuita nerubatsiro rwemunhu wechipiri mukunyaradza kweimba yako.

Boka rekutanga remaekisesaizi rinoitwa pachishandiswa mat exercise. Chimwe chiitwa chinosanganisira kurara nemanhede makumbo ako akakotama pamabvi uye tsoka dzako pasi. Pakutanga, tinotendeukira kudivi, zvino, tichitsamira pagokora, simudza pelvis uye ruoko rwakasununguka kumusoro, tichibata kufema kwedu kwemasekonzi mashanu.

Chimwe chiitwa chinokubatsira kuti uchengetedze chiyero chako ndechekufamba, kunosanganisira kufamba kubva pakupfugama kusvika pakupfugama pamakumbo mana uchitambanudza ruoko rumwe uye gumbo rakapesana kumashure panguva imwe chete. Iwe unofanirwa kugara munzvimbo iyi kwemasekonzi mashanu.

Kudzidzira muviri kubatsira kubata ataxia kunogonawo kuitwa wakagara. Kune aya maekisesaizi, unogona kushandisa chigaro kana bhora rekugara uye tepi yekurovedza muviri. Paunenge wakagara pachigaro kana bhora, zvishoma nezvishoma enda panzvimbo yakamira musana wako wakatwasuka uye dumbu rako rakagadzikana.

Chimwe chiitiko chatinozoda tepi patinenge takagara pachigaro kana bhora, tinoputira tepi pachanza cheruoko rwako. Magokora edu anofanira kuva pedyo nemuviri. Zvadaro, tambanudza tepi nekufambisa maoko kunze, uye wozotora gumbo rimwe kudumbu uye ribate munzvimbo iyi kwemaminitsi mashanu.

Rehabilitation exercises for ataxia inogonawo kuitwa wakamira. Kumira nedumbu rako uye musana wako wakatwasuka, tambanudza tepi pamusoro wako, wozoitakura kuseri kwemusoro wako, uchikwevera mapendekete ako pasi, uye zvishoma nezvishoma dzokera kunzvimbo yekutanga.

Chimwe chiitwa chaunokwanisa kuita wakamira wakasungirira dandemutande kuzviisa panzvimbo imwe gumbo riri pamberi perimwe gumbo kumashure. Iyo tepi, kune rumwe rutivi, inoiswa pasi pegumbo repamberi. Neruoko rwakatarisana negumbo, tinotanga kutambanudza tepi sekunge tinoda kubata pamusoro pemusoro nayo.

Ramba uchifunga kuti kugadzirisa uye kurovedza muviri kunoshanda chete kana kuchiitwa nguva dzose. Izvo zvakakoshawo kurovedza muviri pasi pekutariswa kwenyanzvi inozokwanisa kugadzirisa mafambiro edu. Izvi zvichaita kuti maekisesaizi akaitwa anyatso kuvandudza mota yedu kurongeka.

Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve rehabilitation, verenga: Rehabilitation - nzira yekudzokera kuhutano

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