Izwi rekuti audiometer, rinobva pashoko rechiLatin rekuti (kunzwa) uye kubva kuchiGiriki metron (kuyera), rinomiririra chiridzwa chekurapa chinoshandiswa muaudiometry kuyera kugona kwekunzwa kwevanhu. Inonzi zvakare acoumeter.

Iyo audiometer inobvumira bvunzo dzekunzwa kuti dziitwe nekutsanangura muganho unonzwika wemanzwi anogona kunzwisiswa nekunzwa kwevanhu pasi pemamiriro ekuedzwa. Basa rayo nderekuona uye kuratidza kusagadzikana kwekunzwa muvarwere.

Sei kutora bvunzo yekunzwa

Kunzwa ndeimwe yemanzwiro edu akanyanya "kurwiswa" nenharaunda. Vakawanda vedu nhasi tinorarama munzvimbo ine ruzha runowedzera, mungava mumigwagwa, kubasa, pakutamba, uye kunyange pamba. Kuita ongororo yenguva dzose yekunzwa kunokurudzirwa, kunyanya muvacheche, vana vadiki, kana vachiri kuyaruka umo kunyanya kushandisa mahedhifoni kunogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakaipa. Kuongororwa kunobvumira matambudziko ekunzwa kuti aonekwe nekukurumidza uye kugadziriswa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Muvanhu vakuru vanoratidza zviratidzo zvekutadza kunzwa, kuongororwa kunobatsira kuziva mamiriro ematsi uye nzvimbo inobatwa.

Zvinoumba

Audiometers inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana:

• chikamu chepakati chinodzorwa nemugadziri, chinoshandiswa kutumira manzwi akasiyana-siyana kumurwere uye kunyora mhinduro dzake mukudzoka;
• headset inofanira kuiswa panzeve dzemurwere, imwe neimwe munzeve ichishanda yakazvimiririra;
• remote control yakapihwa murwere kutumira mhinduro;
• tambo dzekubatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana pamwechete.

Audiometers inogona kugadziriswa kana kutakurika, manual kana otomatiki inodzorwa nekombuta ine software yakakodzera.

Muedzo wekunzwa ndeyekukurumidza, kusingarwadzi uye kusingapindike kuongorora. Inoitirwa vanhu vakuru pamwe chete nevakura kana vana. Inogona kuitwa ne ENT nyanzvi, chiremba webasa, chiremba wechikoro kana chiremba wevana.

Mhando mbiri dzekuyera dzinoitwa: tonal audiometry uye izwi audiometry.

Tonal audiometry: kunzwa

Nyanzvi inoita kuti murwere anzwe toni dzakati wandei. Ruzha rwega rwega rwunoratidzwa nema parameter maviri:

• Kuwanda: ndiko kukwidza kwezwi. A low frequency inoenderana neruzha rwakaderera, ipapo kana iwe uchiwedzera kuwanda, iyo yakakwirira inzwi rinova;
• Kusimba: uku ndiko kuwanda kwenzwi. Kuwedzera kwesimba, ndiko kuwedzera kweruzha.

Kune imwe neimwe inzwi rakaedzwa, iyo chikumbaridzo chekunzwa inotemerwa: ndiko kusimba kwepasi pasi panonzwikwa inzwi nekuda kwema frequency akapihwa. Mutsara wezviyero unowanikwa izvo zvinobvumira curve yeaudiogram kudhirowa.

Kutaura audiometry: kunzwisisa

Mushure meizwi audiometry, nyanzvi inoita yekutaura audiometry kuona kuti kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kunokanganisa manzwisisiro ei kutaura. Naizvozvo hakusi maonerwo emazwi anoongororwa panguva ino, asi kuti manzwisisiro emazwi echirungu 1 kusvika ku2 anopatsanurwa pakusimba kwakasiyana. Iyi bvunzo inoshandiswa kuongorora intelligibility pachikumbaridzo mazwi uye dhirowa inoenderana audiogram.

Kuverenga tonal audiogram

An audiogram inotangwa kune imwe neimwe nzeve. Nhevedzano yezviyero zvinoenderana neseti yezvikumbaridzo zvekunzwa zvakatemerwa ruzha rwega ega zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kudhirowa curve. Izvi zvinoratidzwa pane girafu, iyo horizontal axis iyo inoenderana nema frequency uye vertical axis kune intensities.

Huyero hwemafrequency akaedzwa hunobva pa20 Hz (Hertz) kuenda pa20 Hz, uye chiyero chesimba kubva pa000 dB (decibel) kuenda ku0 dB. Kumiririra kukosha kwekusimba kwekurira, tinogona kupa mimwe mienzaniso:

• 30 dB: chuchotement;
• 60 dB: nhaurirano zvinonzwika;
• 90 dB: traffic yemudhorobha;
• 110 dB: kutinhira;
• 120 dB: konzati yemimhanzi yerock;
• 140 dB: ndege inosimuka.

Dudziro yeaudiograms

Imwe neimwe curve inowanikwa inofananidzwa neyakajairika yekunzwa curve. Chero misiyano pakati pema curves maviri inopupurira kurasikirwa kwekunzwa mumurwere uye inoita kuti zvikwanise kuziva nhanho:

• kubva pa20 kusvika ku40 dB: kusanzwa zvishoma;
• kubva pa40 kusvika ku70 dB: matsi ane mwero;
• 70 kusvika 90 dB: kusanzwa kwakanyanya;
• kupfuura 90 dB: kusanzwa kwakadzama;
• isingayereki: kusanzwa zvachose.

Zvichienderana nenzvimbo yenzeve inobatwa, tinogona kutsanangura rudzi rwematsi:

• conductive kunzwa kurasikirwa kunokanganisa pakati nekunze nzeve. Iyo inopera uye inokonzerwa nekuputika, kuvapo kwepureji earwax, nezvimwewo;
• kunzwa kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kunokanganisa nzeve yakadzika uye haigadziriswi;
• kusanzwa kwakasanganiswa.

Matanho ekushanda

Zvisinei nekureruka kwavo kwekuziva, bvunzo dzekunzwa dzine hunyanzvi hwekuve subjective.

Saka ivo vanofanirwa kunyatso gadzirirwa kuti vagone kudhindwa uye pamusoro pezvose, ivo vanoda kushandira pamwe kwemurwere:

• murwere anoiswa munzvimbo yakadzikama, zvakanaka mune acoustic booth;
• manzwi anotanga kuparadzirwa nemhepo (kuburikidza nemahedhifoni kana vatauri) zvino, muchiitiko chekunzwa kurasikirwa, kuburikidza nefupa rekutenda kune vibrator yakanyatsoiswa padehenya;
• murwere ane peya yaanosvina kuratidza kuti anzwa ruzha;
• pabvunzo yezwi, mazwi e1 kusvika ku2 syllables anotepfenyurwa nemhepo uye murwere anofanira kuadzokorora.

Chenjedzo kutora

Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti kurasikirwa kwekunzwa hakusi nekuda kwekuvharwa kwenzeve ne earwax plug kana nekuda kwekuputika, zvinokurudzirwa kuita otoscopy kare.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinokurudzirwa kuita preliminary acumetry kuitira kuti "roughen" pasi. Bvunzo iyi ine bvunzo dzakasiyana siyana: bvunzo yezevezeve, bvunzo yekudzivirira, tuning forogo bvunzo.

Kune vacheche nevana vari pasi pemakore mana, avo vasingagone kushandisa audiometer, kuongororwa kunoitwa neMoatti bvunzo (seti ye4 moo mabhokisi) uye bvunzo yeBoel (mudziyo unobereka mabhero).

Maitiro ekusarudza zvakanaka

• Saizi uye uremu: yekushandiswa kwevarwere kunze, kuremerwa audiometers inokodzera muruoko, Colson mhando, inofarirwa, nepo yekushandiswa kwakamira, maaudiometers makuru, pamwe akabatanidzwa kumakomputa uye kupa mamwe mabasa achave nerombo.
• Magetsi: mains, bhatiri rechargeable kana mabhatiri.
• Mabasa: ese maodhiyomita mamodheru anogovera mamwe mabasa ekutanga, asi mamodheru epamberi anopa mamwe masimba: yakafara spectrum yema frequency uye mavhoriyamu ekurira ane madiki madiki pakati pezviyero zviviri, yakawanda intuitive kuverenga skrini, nezvimwe.
• Izvo zvishongedzo: zvakanyanya kana zvishoma zvakagadzika audiometric mahedhifoni, girobhu rekupindura, homwe yekutakura, tambo, nezvimwe.
• Mutengo: mutengo wemhando inotenderera pakati pe500 kusvika ku10 euros.
• Standards: chengetedza CE yekumaka uye waranti.