Imba yeAzalea

Indoor azalea mumiriri weiyo genus Rhododendron (Rhododendron) uye hama yepedyo yebindu runako - refu rhododendrons. Musango, kune mazana emarudzi emarudzi, asi maviri chete uye maitiro avo akasanganiswa anokura kumba.

Indoor azalea flower is a compact shrub ine hurefu hwe 30 - 50 cm ine maruva akawanda uye akanaka kwazvo, izvo zvakamuwanira mukurumbira pakati pevanoda zvirimwa zvemukati. Maruva ake akasvibira, mumumvuri wekutsvuka, chena uye pink, kune marudzi ane lilac uye maviri-toni corollas. Iyo azalea inokosheswawo kutumbuka mumwaka unotonhora, apo mamwe akawanda maruva anomera akazorora.

Mhando uye marudzi ekamuri azalea

Kune marudzi maviri emukati azaleas.

Azalea Indian (Indica), or Rhododendron Sims (Rhododendron simsii) (1). Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa mhando, ndiye iye anogona kazhinji kuwanikwa pakutengesa. Iri igwenzi rinogara rakasvibira rine mashizha madiki akasvibira ane tsvuku tsvuku. Maruva eiyi azalea yemukati ari nyore kana maviri, anowanzosvika pakukura kwe 3 - 5 cm kana yakakura uye anounganidzwa mu inflorescences.

Azalea Japanese, or rhododendron obtuse (Rhododendron obtusum)(2). Zvishoma zvakajairika. Maruva ake madiki achienzaniswa neIndia uye akanyanya kutsvinda fomu. Japanese azalea inogonawo kukura sechirimwa chebindu.

Kana ari emhando dzeazaleas, dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa chete kune vateresi: hybrid azaleas inowanzotengeswa muzvitoro nenzvimbo dzekutenga, dzinowanzo tengeswa pasi pezita rekuti "Azalea chena / pink / tsvuku" kana "Azalea musanganiswa", uye dzimwe nguva. zviri nyore "Azalea indica" . Mhando dzeAzalea dzinogona kusiyana maererano nemaruva: kutanga kwechando kana pakati pechando - kutanga kwechirimo. Zvinosuruvarisa, hazvigoneki kuti iwe uchakwanisa kuwana ruzivo rwakadaro kana uchitenga azalea muchitoro - maitiro emhando dzakasiyana-siyana (uye panguva imwechete zita rayo) inogona kuwanikwa chete kana uchitenga chirimwa kubva kumuunganidzi.

Pamhando dzekare, dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeidzi (3):

• Adventsglocken (Adventsglocken) - kureba (45 - 50 cm) zvakasiyana-siyana neasina-kaviri makuru (6 - 8 cm) raspberry-pink maruva anogara pachirimwa kwemazuva makumi maviri;
• Verveniana (Vervaeneana) - yakareba yakasiyana-siyana ine semi-double maruva makuru (8 - 8,5 cm) yepinki ruvara nemuganhu wakachena kumativi ose emakumbo, inotumbuka kwemazuva 190;
• Max Schemes (Max Schäme) - kureba, nemaruva maviri ane dhayamita ye8 - 8,5 cm, salmon-ruvara petals yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya kumucheto, inotumbuka kwemazuva zana nemakumi matatu;
• Niobe white (Niobealba) - kureba (45 - 60 cm), kusvetuka azalea nemaruva machena maviri ane dhayamita ye8 - 9 cm, inotumbuka kwemazuva makumi masere;
• chando (Schnee) - marefu akasiyana-siyana ane semi-kaviri maruva machena, anotumbuka kwemazuva zana nemakumi matatu.

Azalea kuchengeta kumba

Azalea chirimwa chinokanganisa, chinoda pakukura mamiriro. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti muzvisikwa, azaleas inokwevera kunzvimbo inotonhorera yemakomo uye mamwe marudzi evhu (4).

Ground

Ivhu remukamuri azalea rinofanira kuva acidic; muvhu rakarerekera uye rine alkaline, chirimwa chinorwara uye chinogona kufa. Pamisanganiswa yevhu yakagadzirira-yakagadzirirwa, chete yakakosha ndiyo yakakodzera kwaari - yeazaleas, rhododendrons, camellias uye heathers.

Vane ruzivo varimi vemaruva vanogadzirira ivhu re azaleas vari voga, asi kune maamateurs zvakaoma, uyezve, nenzira iyi, zvakaoma kuchengetedza iyo yakakwana nhanho ye acidity inodiwa nechirimwa.

Lighting

Indoor azaleas inosarudza chiedza chakajeka chakapararira, kukura kwavo kunodzivirirwa nezuva rakananga, uye mashizha nemaruva zvinogona kupiswa. Zvinogoneka kukura mukamuri azalea mumumvuri wakasarudzika, asi munguva yechando, panguva yekutungira uye maruva, azalea ingangoda kuwedzerwa ne phytolamp.

tembiricha

Imwe yematambudziko makuru mukutarisira indoor azalea ndeyekupa iyo yakakodzera tembiricha hutongi. Azaleas inotonhora-inotonhora, iyo yakanyanya tembiricha kwavari kunze kwenguva yemaruva ndeye 15 - 18 ° C, uye maruva akasvibira anowanzo kukurudzirwa nekudzikisa tembiricha panguva yekuumbwa kwebuds kusvika 10 - 12 ° C.

Indoor azalea haibvumiri kupisa kwezhizha zvakanaka, muganho wepamusoro waanogona kuisa anenge 20 ° C. Uyezve, kuchinja kamwe kamwe kwekushisa kunokuvadzawo chirimwa, kunyanya panguva yekuumbwa kwebud - mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro vanogona kudonha. uye hapazovi nemaruva.

Zvinokuvadza kune azaleas uye kuve muchirongwa, zvisinei, periodic airing yenzvimbo yakanakira iye. Paunenge uchikura azalea mufurati yeguta, zvinokurudzirwa kuitora kunze kwechirimo kune balcony yakananga kuchamhembe kana kumadokero, asi pasina kumaodzanyemba. Munguva yechando, zviri nani kuchengetedza chirimwa chiri kure nemidziyo yekudziya sezvinobvira; mamiriro anogamuchirwa anogona kupihwa pairi insulated glazed balcony ine mwero kudziyisa. Kana iwe uchigara mune imwe nyika imba, iyo yakanakisa nzvimbo yeazalea ingave inotonhorera veranda kana terasi.

unyoro

Indoor azalea inoda humidity yakakwirira, saka inofanira kupfapfaidzwa kakawanda. Munguva yemaruva, izvi zvinofanira kuitwa zvakanyatsonaka, nokuti maruva anosviba kubva pamadonhwe emvura. Unogona kupfapfaidza mvura kubva mubhodhoro rekupfapfaidza rakatenderedza chirimwa, woisa midziyo yemvura padivi pacho, kana kuisa hari yacho mutireyi ine sphagnum yakanyorova, ivhu rakawedzerwa kana matombo.

Kudiridza

Kudiridza kwakakodzera nderimwe dambudziko mukutarisira indoor azalea. Chirimwa chinoda ivhu rakanyorova, asi nekuwanda kwehunyoro, inokurumidza kukanganiswa nekuora kwemidzi. Bhora revhu rinofanira kugara rakanyorova zvishoma, kuoma kwayo hakugamuchirwi. Munguva yekutumbuka, azalea inoda kudiridza kwakawanda kupfuura zvakajairika. Mushure mekudiridza, mvura yakasara mupani inodururwa pakarepo.

Kana ivhu raoma kana mukupisa kwezhizha, mudziyo une imba azalea unogona kuiswa mubheseni remvura inotonhora kwechinguva. Vamwe varimi vanoona zvichibatsira kutsinhanisa kudiridza kwepasi uku nekudiridza nguva dzose gore rose. Pakukura mumba, zvinobatsira zvikuru kuparadzira zvidimbu zveaizi pasi muhari pane kudiridza. Azalea inoshivirira kutonhora zvakanaka, uye pamhepo tembiricha yakakwira, kudiridza nemvura inotonhorera kunogona kudzoreredza kudziya kwayo zvakanyanya.

Mvura yekudiridza azalea inofanirwa kuve yakapfava, yakanyatsogadziriswa (angangoita 2 - 3 mazuva) - tsvina iri mumvura yepombi inogona kukuvadza chirimwa. Lime inonyanya kuipa kwaari, sezvo kudiridza nemvura yeraimu kunoderedza acidity yevhu. Chirimwa chinopindirana zvakanyanya neklorini. Inenge kamwe chete pamazuva gumi - gumi nemana, madonhwe mashomanana emuto wemonamu anogona kuwedzerwa kumvura yekudiridza - izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza ivhu rinodiwa pH uye rinoita kuti pave nemaruva akawanda eazalea.

fertilizer

Indoor azaleas inokodzera chete kune yakakosha feteraiza yeazaleas, rhododendrons uye camellias, zviri nani mune yemvura fomu. Varimi veAzalea dzimwe nguva vanokurudzira kushandisa mafetiraiza ane yakakwira phosphorus uye potasium uye yakaderera yenitrogen mukati menguva yekutungira, asi zvakaoma kumurimi weamateur kuti aone kuti ndeapi zvikamu zvinoonekwa sezvakanaka, saka zviri nani kurega kuyedza.

Kudyisa

Muchirimo nezhizha, mafetiraiza anoshandiswa pamwe chete nekudiridza kamwechete pavhiki pachiyero chinoratidzwa mumirayiridzo. Munguva yechando, kupfeka kwepamusoro kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya zvishoma - 1 nguva mumavhiki e1.

Trimming

Kuumbwa kwegwenzi rakasvibira rakanaka mukamuri azalea zvinogoneka chete nekuchekerera, kwakaringana kuchekerera.

Mushure mokunge azalea yapera, maruva anofanira kubviswa, uye mashizha anopfupiswa nemasendimita mashoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuchekerera kwehutsanana kwegwenzi kunoitwa: nhungirwa dzese dzakaomeswa, dzisina simba uye dzisina maruva dzinotemwa.

Mukupera kwechirimo - kutanga kwezhizha, apo nhungirwa diki dzichionekwa pagwenzi, dzinopinza kumusoro. Zvinokurudzirwa kupinza nhungirwa mumwaka wose, kusvikira buds ichionekwa pachirimwa. Panguva ino, unofanirwa kutarisa kutaridzika kwezvinomera pedyo nemaruva emaruva uye kunyatsoabvisa. Kurebesa maruva emukamuri azalea, maruva ari kupera anodzurwa rimwe panguva.

Kuberekwa kwekamuri azalea kumba

Indoor azaleas inoparadzirwa ne semi-lignified cuttings. Haisi nguva dzose inogoneka kuvaparadzira kumba: iyo nzira pachayo iri nyore, asi haisi nguva dzose inopa mhinduro. Cuttings inochekwa muzhizha kubva kumapfuti madiki angangoita mwedzi mitanhatu, dzinde rayo richangotanga kupenya. Kucheka kunofanira kuva 6-7 cm kureba uye kuva nemapeya akawanda emashizha. Inochekwa zvakasununguka nebanga rakachena, rinopinza, mashizha anobviswa, achisiya zvishoma zvishoma. Chikamu chezasi chekucheka chakasvibiswa neKornevin uye chakasimwa kusvika pakadzika 10 - 2 cm muvhu re azaleas kana musanganiswa wejecha uye peat 3: 1. Iyo substrate yakanyatsonyoroveswa, mudziyo wakafukidzwa nechinhu chakajeka. uye yakachengetwa munzvimbo inodziya pakushambidzika kwe1 - 24 ° C. Mazuva mashomanana, kudyara kunobudiswa, ivhu rinochengetwa rakanyorova, asi risina kunyorova. Maruva emaruva anogona kuonekwa pakucheka - anofanira kubviswa pakarepo.

Rooting kazhinji inotora 1,5 - 2 mwedzi, chiratidzo chekuti izvi zvaitika ndiko kutaridzika kwevechidiki nhungirwa. Mushure mekudzura, pekugara inobviswa, ma cuttings anokura zvishoma uye agere mumidziyo yakasiyana.

Iyo yakakura yemukati azalea gwenzi inogona kuparadzirwa nekupatsanurwa, asi iyi inzira ine njodzi: iyo azalea midzi sisitimu haina kusimba uye ine hanya, saka chirimwa chinogona kusatendera kupindira.

Azalea transplant room kumba

Indoor azaleas inosimwa chete mushure mekutumbuka, kana ruva riri munguva yekurara. Miti midiki inoda kuisirwa kamwe chete pagore. Pakusvika pazera remakore 1 - 3, azalea inosimwa makore ose mana kana pasi.

Chiratidzo chokuti inguva yekudzorera maruva azalea midzi inobuda mumakomba emvura yehari kana kuonekwa pamusoro pevhu. Izvo zvinodikanwa kutapurirana yemukati azalea nekuchenjerera: sezvatotaurwa, midzi yechirimwa haina kusimba uye iri nyore kukuvadzwa, uye iyo midzi pachayo ndeyepamusoro uye haina kurara zvakadzika. Kana uchiisa azalea, bhora revhu hariparadzwi, midzi haina kudzurwa.

Chigadziko chitsva cheazalea chinofanira kunge chakakura zvishoma pane chekare (ne 2 - 3 cm), chigadziko chemvura chinofanira kuiswa pasi. Azaleas inoiswa muhari itsva kuitira kuti mutsipa wemidzi ive pamwero wakafanana nekare. Iyo ivhu inodururwa zvakanyatsonaka, pasina tamping, asi kungodzvanya zvishoma neminwe yako.

Mushure mekudyara, azalea inodiridzwa, kana zvichidikanwa, ivhu rinokwidziridzwa kana ragara.

Azalea zvirwere

Grey muforoma. Inozviratidza muchimiro chemavara anoorera pamashizha uye nhungirwa, kazhinji ane grey "velvety" coating. Matishu akabatwa anopfava uye anofa, pakupedzisira chirimwa chose chinofa. Chikonzero chekuonekwa kwe grey kuora kusatarisira kwakashata uye kudiridza kusina kunaka.

Kurapa, zvikamu zvose zvakaora zvemuti zvinobviswa, ivhu riri muhari rakaomeswa. Zvinodikanwa kurapa chirimwa uye ivhu nemishonga yefungicidal isina chlorine uye lime - izvi zvinogona kuve Fitosporin-M kana Fitolavin biologics kana universal kemikari fungicide, semuenzaniso, Fundazol (5).

Root kuora. Kazhinji kazhinji inooneka nekuda kwekudiridza zvakanyanya uye kusamira kwemvura muhari kana pani. Mashizha anosvava muchirimwa chose, nhungirwa dzinoita lethargic uye dzinogona kurembera nekurara pasi. Chikonzero chaicho chedambudziko chinogona kutsanangurwa chete nekubvisa chirimwa kubva muhari: yakasviba, yakatsvuka, nyore nyore midzi midzi inooneka.

Kuti uchengetedze azalea, midzi yakadaro inobviswa, iyo midzi inonyudzwa mumhinduro ye potassium permanganate kana fungicidal kugadzirira, ipapo chirimwa chinosimwa muvhu idzva. Kunyange kana kurapwa kukatanga nenguva, mikana yeazalea yekurarama nemidzi yakaora ishoma.

Fitoftoroz. Chirwere chinotyisa chekamuri azalea, iyo isingarapike nguva dzose. Zviratidzo zvekutanga ndezvemavara matsvuku ane muganhu wakajeka pamashizha. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanowedzera, zvikamu zvechirimwa zvinotanga kufa.

Zvinogoneka kuchengetedza kamuri azalea iyo yakarwara nekunonoka blight mune zvisingawanzo kuitika. Kuti uite izvi, zvikamu zvakakanganiswa zvinobviswa, simiti inobatwa nefungicides (Consento, Revus, Ordan (5)) uye inosimwa muvhu idzva.

Chlorosis. Mashizha anocheneruka otanga kucheneruka pakati pematsinga, wozoti mundiro yese yeshizha, wooma uye wofa. Chikonzero chechirwere ichi hachisi hutachiona, asi husina kukwana acidity yevhu. Izvi zvinoitika, somuenzaniso, pakudiridza nemvura isina kugadzikana kana yakaoma zvikuru.

Dambudziko rinogadziriswa nekuwedzera muto wemonamu kana citric acid kumvura yekudiridza; mumatambudziko akaoma, chirimwa chichafanira kuiswa muvhu idzva rine acidity yakakwana.

Azalea zvipembenene

Ruva remukati azalea rinobatwa nezvipembenene zvakafanana nezvimwe zvirimwa zvemukati: spider mite, zvipembenene zvescale, aphid, whiteflies uye thrips.

Kana pane zvipembenene zvishoma, kushambidza sipo nesipo yakasvibirira kunobatsira, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, unogona kushandisa sipo yemumba. Iyo nzira inodzokororwa 2-3 nguva nekufamba kwemazuva akati wandei.

Muchiitiko chekukuvadzwa kwakanyanya nemaaphid kana whiteflies, chirimwa chinogona kurapwa neActellik kana Fitoverm; Aktara inokurudzirwa kune spider mite, tupukanana uye thrips (5). Kana iyo azalea ichitumbuka panguva ino, maruva achafanirwa kubayirwa: mushure mekupfapfaidza nekugadzirira, ivo vacharasikirwa nekushongedza kwavo.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takataura nezve maficha ekukura azaleas ne agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Zvitubu zve

1. Rhododendron simsii // The Plant List http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2427105
2. Rhododendron obtusum // The Plant List http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-12303064
3. Visyashcheva LV, Sokolova TA Industrial floriculture. Bhuku rezvidzidzo zvezvikoro zvehunyanzvi // M.: Agropromizdat, 1991 - 368 p.
4. Azalea Society yeAmerica https://www.azaleas.org/
5. Katalog yehurumende yemishonga yezvipembenene neagrochemicals yakabvumidzwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/