Chii chinonzi bipolar disorder?

Le bipolar disorder chirwere chakakomba chepfungwa chinoratidzwa nekuchinjana kwezvikamu zve "high mood", nekuwedzera simba uye hyperactivity, uye zvikamu zvekuderera (depressive state).

Izvi zvikamu zve "manic-depressive" zvinopindirana nenhambo apo manzwiro anenge akajairika uye akagadzikana, kwenguva dzakasiyana.¹.

Munguva ye "manic" episode, munhu wacho anogumbuka, anoshingaira, haanzwi chido chekurara, anotaura zvakawanda, uye kazhinji anoratidza kuzviremekedza kwakapfurikidza, kunyange kunzwa kwesimba rose. Sezvineiwo, panguva yekuora mwoyo, simba rake rakaderera zvakanyanya, manzwiro ake akasuwa, akasuruvara, nekurasikirwa kwekufarira muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana nemapurojekiti. 

Ichi chimwe chezvirwere zvepfungwa zvinowanzoitika, zvinobata 1 kusvika 2,5% yevanhu. Chirwere ichi chinowanzoonekwa kune vechidiki (pasi pemakore makumi maviri nemashanu) uye chinowanzoitika. Chikamu chekutanga chinoteverwa nezvimwe zvikamu zvekusagadzikana kwemafungiro mu25% yezviitiko.

Chirwere chinokonzeresa kuremara kwakawanda munharaunda, kwehunyanzvi uye mupfungwa uye izvo zvinowanzo tungamira mukuyedza kuzviuraya. Yave ichizivikanwa neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) sechinomwe chinokonzera hurema pagore rehupenyu pakati pemakore gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi mana nemana, pakati pezvirwere zvese.

Evolution yebipolar disorders

Bipolar disorders inoratidzirwa nekutevedzana kwezvikamu uye kudzokororwa kazhinji, kunyangwe mukurapwa.

Ngozi yekuzviuraya inoramba iri kutya kukuru kune chekuita nechirwere ichi. Uyezve, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvipenyu izvo zvisati zvanyatso kunzwisiswa, bipolar kusagadzikana kunowanzo kubatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwenjodzi yemoyo, nehosha dzemetabolism uye dzehomoni.

Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvose izvi, nduramo yevarwere vane bipolar disorder iri paavhareji yemakore gumi kusvika ku10 pasi pemakore anotarisirwa kurarama evamwe vanhu vose.².

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvebipolar disorder? 

Chirwere ichi, chaimbonzi manic-depressive chirwere kana manic depression, inouya nenzira dzakawanda. Nokudaro, bipolar disorder inogona kana kuti isingaenderani nezviratidzo zvepfungwa (zvakadai sekufungidzira, kunyengera). Vanogona kuva, maererano neHAS3 :

• hypomanic (zviratidzo zvakafanana asi zvishoma zvakanyanya kupfuura panguva inonzi "manic" episode);
• maniacs pasina zviratidzo zvepfungwa;
• maniacs ane psychotic zviratidzo;
• kuora mwoyo kwakapfava kana kuri pakati nepakati;
• kuora mwoyo zvakanyanya pasina zviratidzo zvepfungwa;
• kuora mwoyo zvakanyanya nezviratidzo zvepfungwa
• yakavhenganiswa (mania uye kuora mwoyo kwakabatanidzwa) pasina zviratidzo zvepfungwa;
• yakasanganiswa nezviratidzo zvepfungwa.

Iyo yazvino vhezheni yeDiagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders, iyo DSM-V, rakabudiswa muna 2014, rinokurudzira kuisa mhando dzakasiyana dzebipolar disorder sezvinotevera:

• type I bipolar disorder, inoratidzwa nekuvapo kweinenge imwe manic kana chiitiko chakasanganiswa.
• bipolar disorder type II, inoratidzwa nekuitika kweimwe kana akawanda makuru ekuora mwoyo episodhi uye chikamu chimwe che hypomania.
• bipolar disorder haina kutaurwa.

Nepo nzira yechirwere ichi hunhu hwakakwana, zviratidzo zvega zvega zvinosiyana pamunhu nemunhu. Mune zvimwe, zviratidzo zvekuora mwoyo zvinotora pamberi pezvimwe zvese, nepo mune vamwe kusagadzikana, simba rakawandisa kana hutsinye huchatonga.

Iyo manic phase inoratidzirwa nekuwedzera manyawi, kuwedzera kuzviremekedza, pfungwa dzehukuru.

Kazhinji, munhu ari muchikamu chemunhu anonzwa kudikanwa kwekutaura nguva dzose, kupa pfungwa dzake dzisingaverengeki, azere nesimba uye anoita mapurojekiti akati wandei kana zviitiko panguva imwe chete. Kuda kwake kurara kunoderedzwa (anonzwa kuzorora mushure memaawa matatu kana mana ekurara) uye anokurumidza kutsamwa. Iyi nguva inotora kanenge vhiki, iripo mukati mezuva rinenge zuva rega rega.

Hypomania inoratidzwa nemhando imwechete yezviratidzo, ine simba rinoramba riripo asi rakanyanya "zvakajairika".

Munguva yezvikamu zvekuora mwoyo, pane kudzikira kwekufarira kana mafaro mune zvingangoita zvese zvezuva nezuva zviitiko, psychomotor inononoka (kana, dzimwe nguva, kusagadzikana), kuneta kwakanyanya, uye pamwe kuzvipa mhosva kana kuderera zvakanyanya, kuderera kugona kuisa pfungwa. Pfungwa dzekuzviuraya dzinogona kuitika. Maererano nedzimwe ongororo, huwandu hwevanhu vanoedza kuzviuraya hunosiyana pakati pe20 ne50% (HAS June 2014).

Zviratidzo izvi hazvirevi kuti zvose zviripo, asi maitiro ekuongorora akavakirwa pakuvapo kwekubatanidzwa kwakakosha kwevakawanda vavo. Munenge zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zvevanhu vane bipolar disorder, kune zvimwe zvinetso zvakadai sekuzvidya mwoyo, kuvimba nedoro kana zvimwe zvinhu, nezvimwewo.1.

Ndiani anogona kubatwa nebipolar disorder?

Zvikonzero zvebipolar disorder hazvisati zvazivikanwa. Vanogona kunge vari multifactorial, zvinosanganisira genetic uye zvakatipoteredza.

Kubva pakuona kwebiology, zvinozivikanwa kuti kune abnormalities mune neurotransmitters muhuropi hwevanhu vakabatwa. Nokudaro, zvikamu zvemania zvinosanganiswa nehuwandu husingaenzaniswi hwe norepinephrine.

Genetic factor inobatanidzwawo: njodzi yekubatwa nebipolar disorder yakakura kana mumwe munhu mumhuri atova nayo.4.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekunze zvinogona kukurudzira kana kukonzera chirwere. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika nezviitiko zvinoshungurudza zvinoitika pakutanga kwehupenyu, pamwe nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinoshungurudza kana zvinhu zvekuchinja (mwaka, nhumbu, kushanduka kwehomoni)5.