Vakadzi vazhinji vanoshuvira kuva nemazamu akakura, vachifunga kuti mazamu avo agara ari madiki kana kuti aita madiki nekuda kwenhumbu kana kuonda. Chero zvazvingava, nzira inowanzoshandiswa ndeye prosthesis kana kuisa mazamu. Maererano nezvinyorwa zvesayenzi, pasi pe1% yevakadzi vangada kuva nemazamu makuru vakagadzirira kuvhiyiwa¹. Zvakadaro, muUnited States, nhamba yevakadzi nevasikana vanosarudza maimplants nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakanaka yapeta nekaviri pakati pa1997 na2000.².

Kudyara mazamu nzira

Iyo ndiyo nzira yakajairika uye yakavimbika yekupa kugutsikana kumukadzi anofunga saizi yemazamu ake haina kukwana. Kuvhiya kunosanganisira kuisa prosthesis, kazhinji kuburikidza nekuchekwa kwakatenderedza areola yezamu.

Kubva 2001, vavhiyi vakashandisa yakabatana silicone gel, uye silicone gel mazamu prostheses akawanazve kufarira kuwedzera. Mamwe maprostheses, ane physiological serum, kureva saline solution, ikozvino haisati yanyanya kushandiswa nokuti kubatwa kwezamu dzimwe nguva kunonyanya kunakidza uye deflation yerudzi urwu rweprosthesis kakawanda.

Lipofilling kana mafuta autografting nzira

Iyi nzira yekuvhiya³ inowanzo shandiswa pakuvakazve mazamu mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwekubviswa mazamu, kashoma pakushongedza mazamu ekuwedzera. Zvinosanganisira kutora mafuta kubva pamuviri wemukadzi (mudumbu, zvidya, masaddlebag), kuitira kuti adzorere mumazamu. Iyo nzira inoita seyakanaka, asi inopa matambudziko akati wandei: chikamu chemafuta akaiswa jekiseni anobva atorwa nemuviri. Uye chiyero chekutorwa kwemafuta chakaoma kufanotaura, zvichitungamira kumazamu asymmetries kana kusakwana kwemazamu vhoriyamu. Izvi kazhinji zvinoda retouch. Kune rumwe rutivi, mafuta anoshandiswa mukutorwa kwawo anogona dzimwe nguva kutungamirira kumazamu mumazamu. Uye zvino, iyi nzira haigoneki kana kuti haina kukwana kuvakadzi vasina kukwana kwakakwana kwemafuta emafuta. Chizvarwa chitsva silicone implants saka zvakanyanya kushandiswa.

Nhoroondo pfupi yemaimplants

Yakanyanya mafuta silicone gel-yakazadzwa mazamu maimplants akagadzirwa mu60s apo pakanga pasina mutemo unodzora musika wemidziyo yekurapa. MuUnited States, bazi rehurumende reFood and Drug Administration (FDA) rave nechiremera chakadaro kubvira 1976, asi zvimwe midziyo (mavharuvhu emwoyo, kudyara kwecochlear, prostheses, nezvimwewo) zvakabatwa sechinhu chakakosha, kuiswa kwemazamu kuchiri, panguva iyoyo, zvisingawanzoitiki.

Muna 1990, vanoda kusvika miriyoni yevakadzi vekuAmerica vaive nemidziyo yakadaro, uye FDA yakanga isati, sezvinodiwa nemutemo, yaida kuti vagadziri varatidze kushanda kwavo nekuchengeteka. Nekudaro, vezvenhau vakashuma akawanda uye akawanda anecdotes nemafungiro zvichienderana nekuti matambudziko akakomba ehutano anogona kuve ane chekuita nemidziyo iyi. Chokwadi, senge silicone gel yakashandiswa panguva iyoyo, yaigara ichitama zvishoma nepamadziro ekuisa, ichikwanisa kukonzera kugadzirwa kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere ayo, aityiwa, anogona kunge ari pamavambo ezvirwere "auto-. immune ”(polyarthritis, scleroderma, fibromyalgia, nezvimwewo).

Muna 1991, FDA yakasimbisa mutemo uye yakakumbira vagadziri kuti vape zvidzidzo zvakakodzera. Izvi, zvisinei, zvinofanirwa kuenderana nehuwandu hwevanhu nemidziyo yakafanana, uye kuparadzirwa kwenguva refu; sezvo pasina chimwe chezviitiko izvi chaigona kuzadzikiswa panguva iyoyo, yaifungidzirwa kubvisa ma implants zvachose kubva pamusika, nguva yekuita tsvakiridzo yakakwana. Asi boka rine simba rakazvipikisa, richitsigirwa zvikuru nevakadzi vane kenza yemazamu. Kunyangwe vagadziri vavo vasati vabudirira mukuratidza kuchengetedzeka kwavo, mazamu esilicone anoramba ari pamusika se "zvinodiwa zvehutano hweveruzhinji", achiwanikwa chete kune vamwe vatengi mumamiriro ekutsvagisa kwekiriniki. .

Pakati pa1995 na2001, pakanga paine kumisa, silicone gel yairambidzwa munyika zhinji dzepasi kuti inyatso ongorora mhedzisiro yemaimplants ane rudzi urwu rwegel. Munguva yese yekumisa iyi, maprostheses chete ane physiological serum kana saline solution akaiswa munzvimbo.

Muna 2001, kutaridzika kweakabatana, denser silicone gels yakagonesa kudzoreredzwa kwesilicone mazamu implants. Aya majiroji ane mukana wekusanyanya kunetsa pakaitika kuputika.

Nzira yekupindira kwekuvhiya

Pamberi pekupindira, kubvunza chiremba anovhiya kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuburitsa dambudziko uye kutsanangura ukuru hwekudyara. Inosarudzwa maererano nechishuwo chemukadzi, chezvaanoda, uye inowira mukati memutsara: shanduko inofanira kuonekwa (zvingava zvinonyadzisa kuvhiyiwa kwechigumisiro chisingatarisirwi), asi hazviiti. kuremara nemazamu akawandisa. Izvo zvinodikanwawo kuti anatomy yemukadzi uyu inogona kutsigira iyi prosthesis uye kuti fomu rakasarudzwa rinogona kupa mhedzisiro yechisikigo. Zano rachiremba anovhiya naizvozvo rinokosha nemhaka yokuti anotsanangura zvinobvira maererano nomuviri womukadzi mumwe nomumwe. Uye ipapo, anoratidza mifananidzo yemazamu kuti aone zvaanoda.

Sezvo kuiswa kwezamu rekudyara kunoitika pasi peanesthesia yakawanda, inoda kushanya kusati kwasvika kune anesthetist.

Panguva yekuvhiyiwa, iyo inotora inenge awa, mukadzi anovhiyiwa anopiwa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya semushonga wekuderedza ngozi yehutachiona⁴. Iyo yakanyanya kuchekwa yekuisa iyo implant inogadzirwa kutenderedza areola, muchikamu chayo chezasi uye inobata chikamu chimwe muzvitatu kusvika hafu yeiyi areola. Chiremba anovhiya anopa imba yakakura pane yekuisirwa kuti aiise panzvimbo. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvinozobvumira kuti prosthesis ifambe zvishoma muchikamu ichi, uye kuva nemaitiro echisikigo panguva yekuchinja kwechinzvimbo (yakarara pamusana semuenzaniso). Chiremba anovhiya anoisa prosthesis pamberi kana kumashure kwetsandanyama yepectoral: pamberi kazhinji, uye seri kwetsandanyama iyi yepectoral kana mukadzi aine zvishoma kana kuti asina zamu.

Uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwekuisa mazamu?

Mukadzi achangobva kuisirwa mazamu kazhinji anoiswa muchipatara husiku hunotevera kuvhiyiwa. Anonzwa kuoma paanomuka muchipfuva chake, senge mushure mekuita gym yakanaka. Pakutanga, paanofamba, anganzwa kurwadziwa. Anofanira kuzozvibvumira mazuva mana kana mashanu ekuzorora zvakasimba uye mazuva manomwe kusvika gumi ekupora mune ese. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, bra inogona kurongerwa nachiremba anovhiya.

Kuonekwa kwevanga kunowanzova mutsvuku zvishoma kwemwedzi nehafu kusvika kumwedzi miviri, zvino zvishoma nezvishoma inova duku, inenge isingaoneki mutsara wakachena. Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira inowanikwa mumwedzi mitatu kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu, nguva yekupora kuti iitike uye kuti matissue uye implant itore nzvimbo yavo. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kunzwisiswa kwemazamu kunokanganiswa nenzira yakasiyana-siyana: inogona kuramba yakasimba mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kana kusvikirwa uye kazhinji kudzoka mumavhiki mashomanana kusvika kumwedzi mishomanana, kunyange kana zvisingawanzoitiki, inogona kuva yakareba.

Kuyamwisa kunoramba kuchigoneka, kupindira hakunei nemammary glands. Kuvheneka gomarara rezamu kwakambonetsa nekuisa ma implants nekuti vakaita kuti mufananidzo weradiology usave nyore kuverenga, saka dzimwe nguva gomarara risiri nyore kuona uye paive nekunetsekana nekunonoka kuongororwa. Nhasi, kufambira mberi muradiology kunoita kuti zvive nyore kupfuura kare kuverenga mammograms mushure mekudyara. Kubata, iwe unogona kunzwa kuti kune prosthesis, asi kubata kunoramba kuri kwechisikigo neiyo yakabatana gels ikozvino inoshandiswa.

Tsvakurudzo pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwemaimplants

Hapana hukama pakati pekuiswa kweprosthesis nekenza yemazamu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chiremba anovhiya anoisa mhando imwechete yeprosthesis paanenge achigadzira patsva zamu rakaonekwa kuti rine kenza. Kuiswa zamu kune rimwe divi zvakare hakuwedzere njodzi yegomarara mune rimwe zamu.

Maside effects ekuisa mazamu⁶

• Kutuka zvinogona kuitika: mushure mekuita, zvingada reoperation. Asi izvi hazvina simba pamugumisiro wekupedzisira.
• Kuonekwa kwemapete kwazova mamiriro ezvinhu echienzi. Uku kuita kwemuviri kune inoiswa iyo inoumba nzvimbo yakaoma, segoko rakatenderedza prosthesis. Iri kuwedzera kushomeka, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemaprostheses matsva uye maitiro ekuvhiya. Parizvino, vanachiremba vanongwarira kuita hemostasis (kudzivisa nzvimbo kubva pakubuda ropa panguva yekuvhiyiwa) uye kusiya ropa shoma sezvinobvira kumativi eprostheses, uye maitiro ehamvuropu, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya ngozi iyi yehull. .
• Kuderera kwekunzwa. Pakati pe3 kusvika 15% yevakadzi vanonzwa kuderedzwa zvachose muzamu nemuzamu mushure mekuisa implant.

  Zvinowanzoitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa, uye yakawanda yacho inopora mumavhiki mashomanana ekutanga kana mwedzi. Zvisinei, vamwe vakadzi vanochengeta shanduko mukunzwa kana kunyange kurwadziwa.⁷.

• Shift : Maimplants anoiswa pamberi kana kumashure kwepectoralis hombe tsandanyama. Iyo retro-pectoral chinzvimbo inogona dzimwe nguva kupa kusimuka kweiyo prosthesis panguva yekumanikana kwemhasuru iyi. Izvi zvinogona kunyadzisa uye dzimwe nguva unofanira kupindira kana zviri aesthetically zvinonyadzisa.
• Kuchembera kweprosthesis. Kuchembera uku kunogona kukonzera deflation ye serum prosthesis kana kuputika kwesilicone prostheses. Naizvozvo inofanirwa kutariswa, kunyanya panguva yegiredhi rechisere kusvika regumi. Chiremba angasarudza kushandura prosthesis kana kuti kugara achiiongorora kuti aone zviratidzo zvekukuvara. Deflating the prosthesis ne physiological serum (yakaora mvura yemunyu) haina kukuvadza kubva pakuona kwehutano, kunyangwe ichikonzera kusagadzikana. Kuputika kwesilicone prosthesis kunoda kuchinja kweprosthesis. Sezvo majeri emazuva ano akabatana zvikuru (silicone inoramba yakanyatsobatanidzwa uye haigoni kupararira munyama), zviri nyore kubvisa uye zvakachengeteka kuvakadzi.
• Yambiro: Kana iwe uine prosthesis uye ukaona chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa (kutamiswa, deflation, abnormality, shanduko yekubata, nezvimwewo), unofanirwa kubata chiremba wako wekuvhiya kuti aongororwe.