Burbot: tsananguro, pekugara, chikafu uye maitiro ehove

Burbot mumiriri akasarudzika weiyo cod-sekurongeka yemhuri yekodha, iyo ine yakakosha kutengeserana kukosha. Iyo yakasarudzika yehove iri mukuti burbot ndiyo yega kubva kuchikwata chayo (Gadiformes) iyo yakagamuchira pekugara mumvura yakachena chete. Nguva nenguva uye kwenguva pfupi, burbot inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa dzegungwa, uko munyu haupfuuri 12%.

Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwepasirese, burbot yakasarudzika kwete chete nekuti ndiyo chete inomiririra yemvura yakachena muhurongwa hwayo, asiwo ndiyo yega burbot mune genus. Muhove, maererano nemhando imwechete, kune 3 yakasiyana-siyana subspecies:

• Lotta lotta;
• Lota lota leptura;
• Lota maculousa.

Yekutanga subspecies yakagamuchira pekugara mumvura yakachena yeAsia neEurope uye inonzi common burbot. Yechipiri subspecies iri pasi pezita ndeyetete-tailed burbot, iyo inogara iri mumvura inotonhora yekuchamhembe kwerwizi rweCanada - Mackenzie, nzizi dzeSiberia, mvura yeArctic inosuka mahombekombe eAlaska. Yechitatu subspecies ine vanhu vakawanda chete mumvura yeNorth America.

Zvimiro zvezvipenyu uye tsanangudzo dzayo

Kuonekwa

Mufananidzo: www.wildfauna.ru

Wepakati munhu ane hurefu hwemuviri husingapfuuri 1 m, nepo huwandu hwayo hunosvika 25 kg. Paakabvunzwa kuti yakakura sei muenzaniso wakabatwa wakayera, dzakawanda zvinyorwa zvepaIndaneti zvinopindura kuti yaiva hove inorema 31 kg ine urefu hwemuviri we 1,2 m, mufananidzo unosimbisa chokwadi ichi hauna kuchengetedzwa.

Vazhinji varedzi vanoti burbot yakafanana chaizvo nekatfish, asi izvi zvinongori pakuona kwekutanga, nekuti misiyano yakakosha. Kufanana kunoratidzwa chete neyakatenderedzwa uye yakareba, yakaomeswa padivi pechimiro chemuviri, icho chakanyatso fanana nekatfish. Zviyero zviduku zvakavhara muviri wose wehove pamwe chete nehutu hunodzivirira kubva kune caudal fin kusvika kune gill covers, kubvisa kukanganisa uye hypothermia.

Musoro wakatsetseka une rushaya rwepamusoro rwakarebesa unoita kuti ufanane nechimiro chepelengas. Ndebvu imwe chete iri pachirebvu chehove, uye dzimwe ndebvu mbiri dziri pamativi ese eshaya yepamusoro.

Zvichienderana nekugara, kureva ruvara rwepasi pechidziva, ruvara rwemuviri rwunosiyana kubva kumuorivhi kusvika kune dema, rine mavara mazhinji uye mitsetse. Rudzi rwevaduku rinogara rakasviba, rinenge rakasviba, rinobvumira fry kuti irege kufa nguva isati yasvika kubva pamazino ehova. Burbot inorarama paavhareji kusvika kumakore gumi nemashanu, asi mimwe mienzaniso inorarama kusvika kumakore makumi maviri nemana. Mhando iyi inoratidzirwa nemusiyano wakakura kwazvo muhuremu, musoro uye hukuru hwemuviri muvakadzi nevarume, vakadzi vanogara vakakura, vane muviri wakakura, asi ruvara rwayo rushoma.

Habitat

Mvura inotonhora uye yakajeka, pamwe nekuvapo kwepasi pematombo, ndiyo zvikonzero zvikuru zvinoratidza kuvapo kwehove. Pavanenge vachitsvaga trophy burbot, vanoedza kutsvaga chikamu cherwizi chine gomba rakadzika, iri mairi umo mukombe waunoda uchave unowanikwa, zvishoma kazhinji inogona kunge iri nzvimbo dzine zvirimwa zvemahombekombe, mafashama snags.

Pakupera kwechirimo uye nekutanga kwenguva yezhizha, kwandiri - iri rimwe zita rayo, hupenyu hwekugara hunotanga, izvo zvinomanikidza hove kuti dzigare pakati pezvigadziro zvematombo pakudzika kwakanyanya kana mugomba remahombekombe, uye chete pa manheru anoenda kunovhima ruff.

Nekutanga kwenguva inopisa, mudiki anomanikidzwa zvakanyanya, haakwanise kutsungirira kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemvura, anoedza kuvanza munzvimbo dzinotonhorera kana kutochera muzasi silt.

Mufananidzo: www. interesnyefakty.org

dhayeti

Hwaro hwekudya kweburbot hunosanganisira minnows, perch, roach, diki ruff uye crucian carp, pamwe neanofarira delicacy: refu-clawed crayfish, frog, zvipembenene zvipembenene, tadpoles.

Zvichienderana nenguva yegore, uye, maererano, kutonga kwekushisa kwemvura, zvandinoda zvekudya zvinoshanduka. Munguva yechando-yezhizha, mhuka yedu, pasinei nezera, inovhima vagari vepasi, inomiririrwa zvikuru nekrustaceans nehonye. Nekutanga kwekutonhora kwematsutso, kusvika kuchando chechando, chido changu chinowedzera, izvo zvinoreva kuti hukuru hwemhuka mumhando yehove inokura, hukuru hunosvika chetatu chehurefu hwayo.

Kubereka

Nguva yekuyaruka muvarume inoitika kare kupfuura yevakadzi, kazhinji inoitika pakusvika makore mana uye uremu hwemunhu hausi pasi pe4 kg.

Pakutanga kwemwaka yechando-yechando, kubva panguva inoumbwa chando pamusoro pemvura, hove dzinotanga kufamba kwenguva refu kuenda kunzvimbo yekuberekera. Nzvimbo yekuberekesa yakasarudzwa neni inoratidzwa nekuvapo kwematombo anoisa pasi. Kurudzi rweburbot isingagari, kusiya dhamu kuti ibereke hazvibvumirwe; inofarira kutamira kunzvimbo isina kudzika ine huvepo hwematombo anoisa matombo ekuberekesa.

Kuberekesa kunotora mwedzi mitatu kubva muna Zvita kusvika Kukadzi, nguva yekuberekesa inoenderana nekupisa kwekushisa kunowanikwa munzvimbo inogara hove. Iyo yakanyanya kunaka tembiricha yemvura yekubereka 3-1⁰C, muchiitiko chekunyungudika, nguva yekubereka inononoka, uye nechando chinogara chiri pamusoro, kubereka kunonyanya kushanda.

Donhwe remafuta rinoputira zai rine dhayamita inosvika 1 mm, rinotakurwa nemhepo, richiwira pasi pematombo, rinowira pakati pezvidimbu zvematombo uye rinoiswa ipapo kwenguva yemwedzi mumwe kusvika ku2,5. Nguva yenguva yekuputira, pamwe chete nekufamba kwenguva, zvinoenderana nehutongi hwekushisa. Hadzi, panguva imwe chete yekubereka, inokwanisa kutsvaira mazai anopfuura mamiriyoni.

Pakupera kweiyo incubation nguva, iyo inopindirana nenguva nekutanga kwemafashama, burbot fry inoonekwa kubva pasi pasi. Aya mamiriro ezvinhu anoratidzwa zvisina kunaka muhuwandu hwehupenyu hwefry, sezvo vazhinji vavo vanopinda mumvura yemvura, uye nekuguma kwemafashamo vanofa sezvo nzvimbo yemvura inoderera.

Kuparadzirwa

Western Europe

Mhete yedenderedzwa yenzvimbo yeburbot yakagamuchira latitude apo nzizi dzine miromo muArctic Ocean.

Ihove yaimbozivikanwa mumvura yakapoteredza British Isles, nzizi nemadziva muBelgium, Germany yakaparadzwa kumashure mu70s nekuda kwekubata hove kusina kufunga. Mazuvano, chirongwa chakagadzirwa kudzorera huwandu hwemaburbot munzvimbo dziri pamusoro.

Mufananidzo: www.megarybak.ru

Mumvura yakachena muNetherlands, burbot haisi iyo, pano zvakare iri mungozi. Aimbova mapoka akawanda ehove aigara munzizi nemadziva:

• Bisbohse;
• Volkerake;
• Krammare;
• IJsselmeer;
• Ketelmer,

varasikirwa nehukuru hwavo hwekare uye vanogona kutangwazve. Mumitumbi yemvura yeItaly, France, Austria, Switzerland, mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka akagadziridzwa kuitira kuchengetedza mhuka, huwandu hwevanhu hwakanyanya kugadzikana munzizi nemakungwa eSwitzerland.

Northern Europe

Kunyange zvazvo kare burbot vanhu vakanga vakawanda munzizi uye nyanza Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Sweden, Finland uye Norway, muna 90s akatanga anopinza kuderedza nhamba yayo. Mune mishumo yevanorwira kwezvakatipoteredza, kune huwandu hunoodza mwoyo pakuderera kwehuwandu hwemaburbot, kuderera kwenhamba munzizi nemadziva eFinland neSweden.

Masayendisiti anobatanidza mamiriro ezvinhu aya ne eutrophication (kuderera kwehutano hwemvura), pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwemhando dzehove dzisina kunaka (mutorwa), nekuda kwekuti burbot iri kutsiviwa semhando yemvura iyi. Vavengi vakuru vemhuri vanosanganisira:

• Perch;
• Ersh;
• Roach;
• Gudgeon.

Kunyangwe iwo marudzi akanyorwa ehove asingakwanise kukuvadza vanhu vakuru veburbot, vanobudirira kudya caviar uye kukura vana.

Eastern Europe

KuSlovenia, nzizi huru nemadziva uko kunowanikwa huwandu hwemaburbot ndeaya:

• Drava River;
• Lake Cerknica.

MuCzech Republic, rudzi urwu rwehove runogona kuwanikwa munzizi:

• Ohře;
• Morava.

Nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwenzizi dzeEastern Europe, kuderera kwemhando yemvura mavari, burbot yave muenzi asingawanzo mukubata-bata kwevaredzi. Saka muBulgaria, Hungary nePoland, mhuka iyi yakaonekwa seishoma uye iri mungozi, uye zviremera zveSlovenia zvakatoenda mberi, kuitira kuchengetedza mhuka, uye zvakasarudza kurambidza kubata kwayo.

Mufananidzo: www.fishermanblog.ru

Russian Federation

Panharaunda yenyika yedu, rudzi urwu rwave rwakapararira mumambure enzizi nemadziva ari emabheseni emakungwa anotevera:

• Nhema;
• Caspian;
• Chena;
• Baltic.

Nzvimbo dzakadzikama uye dzeArctic dzakagadzira mamiriro ese ekuwedzera kwakasununguka kwehuwandu hwevanhu mumabheseni erwizi rweSiberia:

• Ob;
• Anadyr;
• Meadow;
• Hatanga;
• Yalu;
• Oz. Zaisan;
• Oz. Teletskoye;
• Oz. Baikal.