Kutarisira mastrawberries muvhuvhu

Vese vanotarisira mastrawberries (garden strawberries) kune vagari vezhizha vanouya kumabasa echirimo - vanoichenesa kubva kumashizha ekare, vanodiridza, voidyisa, vozokohwa uye ... kukanganwa nezvekudyara kusvika muchirimo chinotevera. Varimi vepamusoro vanochengeta kudyara muzhizha zvakare - vanodiridza zvakare, mumwe munhu anocheka mashizha, uye ndizvozvo. Zvakaipa here! Mumatsutso, sitiroberi inodawo kunyatsotariswa.

Basa guru rekushanda kwematsutso nderokupa sitirobheri nemamiriro ezvinhu echando chakanaka. Asi pano zvakakosha kuti urege kudarika, nokuti kunyanya kutarisira kunogona kutamba joke ine utsinye.

Kudyisa strawberries mu autumn

Mumatsutso, phosphorus uye potashi fertilizer zvinowanzoiswa mubindu nebindu, uye mastrawberries haasiwo. Nekudaro, zviedzo zvakaratidza kuti potassium ine mhedzisiro yakaipa kwazvo pamhando yema berries: inova mvura, inovava kana isina kunaka. Asi phosphorus, pane kudaro, inoita kuti ive yakaoma uye inotapira. Nokudaro, phosphorus inogara ichipiwa zvakawanda, uye zvishoma potassium. Mukuwedzera, mazinga ekugadzirisa kwematsutso (pa 1 sq. M.) zvinoenderana nezera rekudyara (1) (2).

Usati wasvika (pakati paNyamavhuvhu) ita:

• humus kana manyowa - 4 kg (1/2 bucket);
• phosphate rock - 100 g (4 maspuni) kana kaviri superphosphate - 60 g (4 maspuni);
• potassium sulfate - 50 g (2,5 tablespoons).

Ese aya mafetireza anofanirwa kuparadzirwa zvakaenzana pamusoro penzvimbo uye kucherwa pabhayonet yefoshoro.

Mushure mekuzadza kwakadaro kwenzvimbo yegore rechipiri nerechitatu, hazvidiwi kushandisa mafetiraiza - kwete mumatsutso, kana muchirimo, kana muzhizha.

Kwegore rechitatu (pakati paGumiguru) yemastrawberries, unofanirwa kuwedzera:

• humus kana manyowa - 2 kg (1/4 bucket);
• kaviri superphosphate - 100 g (1/2 mukombe);
• potassium sulfate - 20 g (1 kikapu).

Kwegore rechina (pakati paGumiguru):

• kaviri superphosphate - 100 g (1/2 mukombe);
• potassium sulfate - 12 g (2 maspuniki).

Muzviitiko zviviri zvekupedzisira, mafetireza anofanirwa kupararira zvakaenzana pakati pemitsara uye kuiswa muvhu neraki.

Mugore re5 rehupenyu, chibereko chestrawberries chinodonha zvakanyanya, saka hapana chikonzero chekukura - unoda kuisa munda mutsva.

Kuchekerera mastrawberries muvhuvhu

Vazhinji vagari vezhizha vanofarira kutema sitirobheri mashizha. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kutanga kwaAugust. Uye zvikuru pasina.

Chokwadi ndechekuti mastrawberries anokura mashizha katatu pamwaka (1):

• mukutanga kwechirimo, apo kutonhora kwemhepo kunosvika 5 - 7 ° C - mashizha aya anorarama kwemazuva 30 - 70, mushure mezvo anofa;
• muzhizha, pakarepo mushure mekukohwa - vanoraramawo mazuva 30 - 70 uye vanofa;
• muvhuvhu, kubva pakupera kwaSeptember kusvika kutanga kwaOctober - mashizha aya anoenda kusati kwachando.

Saka, mashizha echirimo uye ezhizha anoumba mutsara wakanaka wemasikirwo emasikirwo nematsutso, ayo achadzivirira midzi kubva kuchando kana kutanga kwechando kuchitonhora asi kusina chando. Kana ukaacheka muna Nyamavhuvhu, hauzove nedziviriro yasara uye zvirimwa zvinogona kufa.

Nechikonzero chimwe chete, hazvikurudzirwe kutora mashizha akaoma kubva pamunda muvhuvhu - anofanira kugara kusvika muchirimo. Asi muchirimo, nokukurumidza kana chando ichikura, dzinofanira kubviswa, nokuti inzvimbo inoberekera zvirwere. Zvisinei, iwe unogona, hongu, kubvisa mashizha uye mulch sitirobheri kudyara ne 10 cm ye peat, asi iyi ndiyo mari yekuwedzera yebasa, nguva nemari.

Asi chakanyanya kukosha kuita mukudonha ndiko kucheka ndebvu dzako kana usina kuzviita muzhizha. Nokuti kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti vanopedza zvikuru amai chirimwa, kuderedza kuoma kwechando uye goho (1).

Kugadzira sitiroberi mukudonha kubva kuzvirwere uye zvipembenene

Kubva kuzvirwere. Kurapa kwese kwezvirwere kunowanzoitwa mushure memaruva (3). Ndiko kuti, mastrawberries akajairika nenzira yakanaka aifanira kugadziriswa muzhizha. Asi remontant strawberries inobereka michero kusvika pakupera kwematsutso, uye naizvozvo kurwisana nezvirwere kunochinjwa kusvika munaOctober. Panguva ino, kudyara kunofanira kusvibiswa neBordeaux liquid (1%) - 1 litre pa 1 sq. M (4). Nekudaro, kana pasina chakaitwa neakajairika mastrawberries, unogona kumwaya zvakare.

Kurapa kwechipiri kunofanira kuitwa muchirimo, kusati kwatumbuka - zvakare neBordeaux liquid ine chiyero chakafanana chekushandisa.

Kubva kune zvipembenene. Hazvina musoro kurwisa zvipembenene mukuwa nerubatsiro rwemakemikari - vakatovanza muvhu kwechando. Kurapa kwese kunofanirwa kuitwa panguva yekukura.

Kucherwa kwematsutso kwepakati pemitsara kusvika pakadzika 15 cm kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwezvipembenene - kana mavhinga akasaputsika, zvipembenene nemakonye zvinozviwana zviri mazviri uye zvinotonhora munguva yechando. Asi pano rimwe dambudziko rinomuka - hapazovi nekudzivirirwa mumhando yevhu pamunda wakacherwa, uye kwete zvipembenene chete, asiwo mastrawberries pachawo achafa muchando chisina chando. Uye kana nzvimbo yacho yakanyungudutswa, zvino zvipembenene zvichapfuura pasina matambudziko.

Strawberry kugadzirira kwechando

Nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, vagari vezhizha vanonzwa kuti mastrawberries ane chando-akasimba, asi iyi ingano. Midzi yake inofa nenguva pfupi (!) Kuderera kwekushisa kwevhu kusvika -8 ° С (1) (5). Uye mashizha echando uye nyanga (kukura kupfupi kwegore razvino, painoiswa maruva) zvakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya patembiricha ye -10 ° C, uye pa -15 ° C vanofa zvachose (1).

Kushamisika? Usatenda? Ndiudze, izvi zvose hazvina maturo, nokuti mastrawberries anokura kunyange muNorth neSiberia! Hongu, iri kukura. Unoziva here kuti nei? Kune chando chakawanda ikoko. Uye ndiye dziviriro yakanakisisa kubva kunotonhora. Mumazaya echando akareba masendimita makumi maviri, chirimwa ichi chinokwanisa kushingirira chando chinodzika kusvika -20 – 30 ° C (35).

Nokudaro, chinhu chikuru chinoda kuitwa mukudonha ndechekuchengetedza chando chekuchengetedza. Nzira iri nyore ndeyekukanda brushwood pamunda. Haisi keke uye haibvumiri mhepo kutsvaira chando kubva panzvimbo.

Imwe sarudzo yakanaka ndeyekuvhara mibhedha nespruce kana matavi emipaini (5). Pamwe kunyange gobvu layer. Ivo pachavo vanodzivirira kubva kune chando, nokuti mhepo yemhepo inoumba pasi payo, iyo inodzivirirawo ivhu kubva kuchando zvakanyanya. Uyezve, ivo vakanakawo pakubata sinou. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinomera pasi pazvo hazvifi. Asi kuvawana kwakaoma.

Dzimwe nguva zvinokurudzirwa kuvhara sitirobheri nemashizha akaoma, asi iyi isarudzo ine ngozi. Hungu, ivo vachadzivirira kudyara kubva kunotonhora, asi muchirimo vanogona kuva dambudziko - kana vasina kubviswa munguva, nokukurumidza kana chando chanyunguduka, zvinomera zvinogona kuoma uye kufa. Zvakanaka kuvhara nemashizha kana uchigara mumba yekumaruwa - unogona kugara uchibata nguva yakakodzera, asi kune vhiki yezhizha vagari vezhizha, kunyanya kana vakavhura mwaka muna Kubvumbi, zviri nani kusadzidzira nzira iyi - inogona kudziya mukati. Kurume uye pakati pevhiki, uye sitiroberi inogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya mumazuva maviri kusvika matatu.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takataura pamusoro pezvimiro zve autumn strawberry care agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Zvitubu zve

1. Burmistrov AD Berry zvirimwa // Leningrad, imba yekudhinda "Kolos", 1972 - 384 p.
2. Rubin SS Fertilizer yezvibereko uye berry zvirimwa // M., "Kolos", 1974 - 224 p.
3. Grebenshchikov SK Reference manual yekuchengetedzwa kwezvirimwa kune varimi nevarimi (2nd edition, yakadzokororwa uye kuwedzera) / M .: Rosagropromizdat, 1991 - 208 p.
4. Katalog yehurumende yemishonga yezvipembenene neagrochemicals yakabvumidzwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
5. Korovin AI, Korovina PANE Mamiriro ekunze, gadheni uye gadheni reanodzidzira // L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990 - 232 p.