Carp hove: maitiro uye hupenyu

Mhando yehove yakajairika pasi rose ihove yecrucian, imvura yakachena, inowanikwa, inonaka uye inodiwa nevakawanda. Iwe unogona kuiwana mune chero, kunyangwe diki dziva, nepo kuibata kunowanzoitwa pane ekare giya. Tevere, tinopa kudzidza zvese nezve carp kubva A kusvika Z.

tsananguro

Crucian carp inowanzozivikanwa zvikuru yevagari veichthy; inogona kuwanikwa mumadziva nemadziva ane mvura isingayerere, uye munzizi dzine nzira ine mwero. Ndeyekirasi yehove dze lecheperid, odha cyprinids, mhuri cyprinids. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana, sezvo nzvimbo yekugovera yakakura zvikuru. Hazvisi zvakaoma kuzvisiyanisa kubva kune vamwe vanhu vose venzvimbo yemvura, nokuti izvi zvakakwana kungozviona nemeso ako.

Uyu "unhu" husingakanganwiki, tsananguro inoratidzwa zviri nani nenzira yetafura:

Pakureba inogona kusvika 60 cm, uye uremu panguva imwe chete kusvika 5 kg.

Ko crucian anorarama makore mangani? Nguva yacho inoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, pakati peiyo mhando yakakosha. Iyo yakajairika ine nguva yemakore gumi nemaviri, asi sirivheri yakaderera pane iyi, isingasviki makore 12.

Habitat

Ava vamiririri ve cyprinids havana kunyanya kuzvikudza, vakakodzera kunenge chero ipi zvayo yemvura yekurarama. Iwe unogona kuzviwana pasina matambudziko munzizi dzakajeka, mumadziva ane silt yakawanda uye zvinomera. Hova dzemumakomo chete nemadhamu havazvifarire, munzvimbo ine mvura yakadai haidzike midzi zvachose.

Iye zvino zvakaoma kuziva kuti hove dzinozivikanwa dzinobva kupi, inozivikanwa munyika dzakawanda dzepasi nekuda kwekupindira kwevanhu. Basa rehupfumi rakamubvumira kupararira kune:

• Porendi
• Jerimani;
• Itari;
• Putugaro;
• Hangari;
• Romaniya;
• Great Britain;
• Bherarusi;
• Khazakisitani;
• Mongoriya;
• China;
• Korea.

Maodzanyemba emvura haana mutsauko, mvura inotonhora yeSiberia, Kolyma, Primorye yave inenge yekuzvarwa kune mumiriri wemhuri yecarp. Carp haina kutorwa sekuda kuziva muUSA, Thailand, Pakistan, India nedzimwe nyika dzekunze kwatiri.

dhayeti

Uyu mumiriri we cyprinids anoonekwa sekuti omnivorous, nekuti pane chero chinhu chisingadyike chigadzirwa. Nekudaro, zvazvinofarira zvinosiyana zvichienderana nedanho rekukura uye zera:

• iyo fry, iyo ichangobva kuonekwa kubva muzai, inoshandisa zviri mukati meiyo yolk bladder yehupenyu hwemazuva ose;
• daphnia uye bhuruu-girinhi algae kune kuravira kwevanhu vanoramba vachiwedzera kukura;
• mwedzi wega wega kuenda kune bloodworms uye mamwe madiki enzizi zvipembenene zvipembenene;
• vanhu vakuru vane tafura yakasiyana-siyana, izvi zvinosanganisira annelids, crustaceans duku, zvipembenene zvipembenene, midzi yemiti yemvura, stems, duckweed, algae.

Vamwe vevamiririri vanova gourmets chaiyo, nekuda kwekupindira kwevanhu, zviyo zvakabikwa, zvimedu zvechingwa, mukanyiwa nebhotela zvave zvinenge zvakajairika kwavari. Iri kushandisa zvinhu izvi kuti iwe unogona kubata nhamba huru yeichthyite iyi. Zvisinei, crucian carp inowanzova capricious, pazuva rimwechete pane imwe chete yekuchengetedza inogona kutora mabheti akasiyana zvachose.

Types

Carp predator kana kwete? Uyu mumiriri we cyprinids anorondedzerwa semhando yehove dzine rugare, zvisinei, dzimwe nguva vanhu vakuru vanogona kukwanisa kudya fry yerudzi rwavo. Asi havasi vose vanokwanisa kuita izvi, mamwe marudzi ejenasi ndiwo akazara herbivores.

Iyo genus inosanganisira akati wandei marudzi, imwe neimwe ichasiyana kubva kune hama yayo pakuonekwa. Ngatitarisei akawanda akawanda mune zvakadzama.

Goridhe kana zvakajairika (Carassius carassius)

Ichi chiropa chakareba pakati perudzi rwayo, munhu mukuru anogona kurarama kusvika kumakore mashanu, nepo maererano nematanho anogona kusvika:

• kureba 50-60 cm;
• uremu hunosvika 6 kg.

Kuyaruka kunoitika pamakore 3-4 ezera, nepo zvakajairika kana goridhe zvine zvinotevera zvinosiyaniswa:

• muviri wacho wakatsetseka, wakatenderedzwa uye wakakwirira;
• iyo dorsal fin yakakwira, ine ruvara rwebrown nenzira imwechete neye caudal;
• dumbu rimwe chete nenan uye paired abdominals dzine tsvuku tsvuku;
• zviyero zvakakura, zvine tint yemhangura;
• hapana pigmentation padumbu, asi musana une ruvara rwebrown.

Ane nzvimbo yekugara muEurope, nepo kupararira kunotanga kubva mumvura inotonhora yeBritain, Norway, Sweden neSwitzerland, uye inopera muItaly, Spain, Macedonia, Croatia. Zviri nyore kusangana necrucian carp yemhando iyi muAsia, China neMongolia inowanikwa kwairi, pamwe nechikamu cheAsia cheRussia, kureva madziva madiki madiki.

Sirivha (Carassius gibelio)

Kare aigara muPacific Ocean chete, kuberekerwa kwecrucian carp yemhando iyi, yakatanga pakati pekutenda kwe20, kwakamubatsira kuti aende kunzvimbo dzakanaka. Iye zvino mumiriri wesirivha we cyprinids anogona kuwanikwa mu:

• North America;
• China;
• India;
• Siberia;
• Far East;
• Ukireni;
• Porendi;
• Bherarusi;
• Rituaniya;
• Romaniya;
• Jerimani;
• Itari
• Putugaro.

Sirivha ine mwero wakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nehama yayo yegoridhe:

• kureba kusvika 40 cm;
• uremu haupfuuri 4 kg.

Hupenyu hunotarisirwa makore 8-9, kashoma kune vanhu vakakwanisa kusvika makore gumi nemaviri.

Misiyano yekunze mune sirivheri ndeyotevera:

• chimiro chemuviri chakafanana chaizvo nedzimwe nhengo dzejenasi;
• zviyero zvakakurawo, asi zvine sirivha kana zvishoma ruvara rwegirini;
• zvimbi zvinenge zviri pachena, zvine pinkish, muorivhi, greyish tint.

Iyo redfin carp ndeyerudzi urwu, iyo sirivheri yakangokwanisa kuchinjika kumamiriro enzvimbo imwe chete yekuchengetera uye yakashandura kutaridzika kwayo zvishoma.

Mhuka idzi dzinonyatsogadzirisa kunenge chero mamiriro ezvinhu ekugara, dzimwe nguva inoshandura chitarisiko chayo, ichi ndicho chikonzero chekusarudza iyo sehwaro hwehutsva, iyo yakagadzirwa nemaoko.

Ndarama (Carassius auratus)

Mhuka iyi yakaberekeswa zvekugadzira, sirivha yakatorwa sehwaro. Kune anopfuura mazana matatu subspecies, anenge ese akakodzera chete kuberekesa mu aquariums.

Goldfish ichasiyana nenzira dzakasiyana:

• kureba kubva 2 cm kusvika 45 cm;
• muviri wakatsetseka, ovoid, elongated, spherical;
• ruvara rwakasiyana zvikuru, kune hove dzemarudzi ose emuraraungu;
• zvimbi zvakareba zvipfupi, zvichikura seshavishavi, zvakafukidzwa;
• maziso acho ari maviri madiki uye akakura, akaputika.

Ndiyo mhando iyi inonzi Chinese crucian carp, inonyanya kufarirwa munyika ino, asi dzimwe nyika dzepasi dziri kuitenga sechishongo chekushongedza chero ipi zvayo yakagadzirwa.

ChiJapanese (Carassius cuvieri)

Zvichave zvichibvira kuwana vamiriri vemhando iyi mumvura yeJapan neTaiwan. Haina zvinhu zvinosiyanisa, kunze kwekuti muviri wayo wakareba zvishoma pane wesirivha.

Hurefu hwehove hunosvika 35-40 cm, asi uremu haupfuuri 3 kg.

Munguva ichangopfuura, varedzi vanoti zvakawanda zvakaonekwa pamadhiramu pamusoro pekosi. Muchitarisiko, crucian carp haina kusiyana nevanhu kubva padziva kana dziva, asi kubatwa kwayo kunonyanya kufadza.

Kubereka

Kukura kwepabonde, kureva kukwanisa kubereka, mucrucian carp kunoitika pamakore 3-4. Pane imwe nguva, mukadzi, paavhareji, anogona kukandira kusvika mazai 300, uye pakusangana, haadi kuti ave nekapu yechirume pedyo. Asi, zvinhu zvekutanga kutanga.

Nguva yekubereka inotanga pakati pepakati pakupera kwaMay-kutanga kwaJune, chiratidzo chikuru pano ndechekupisa kwemvura. Kuzadza kunokwanisika chete pa17-19 degrees Celsius, iyo pachayo inoitika mune akati wandei kupfuura, iyo nguva isingambosviki mazuva gumi.

Iyo caviar yemumiriri we cyprinids yero uye ine yakakwira kunamatira, ndiyo yekupedzisira chiratidzo chinoibatsira kuti iwane yakachengeteka kutsika pasi pemvura zvinomera kana midzi. Kuwedzera kukura kunotsamira zvakanyanya pamurume, uye kwete hazvo kubva kumhando imwe chete.

Kuti uenderere mberi nejenasi pasina murume akura pabonde crucian carp, vakadzi vanogona kubereka mazai:

• bream;
• carp;
• carp;
• roach.

Mukaka wehove yegoridhe unogonawo kutora chikamu mukusanganiswa, kunyange zvazvo inenge isina kukwana. Somugumisiro we gynogenesis, iri ndiro zita rekuita uku, vakadzi chete kubva kumazai akaiswa vachazvarwa.

Kubereka kunogona kupfuurira kusvika muna August.

Zvimiro zvemaitiro

Carp musango inokura zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura nekubereka kwekugadzira, chikonzero cheizvi chikafu. Munzvimbo yakasikwa, hove hadzizogamuchire zvese zvavanoda muhuwandu hwakakodzera, dzinogara dzichida kuzvitsvakira chikafu. Nekurima kwekudya kwekudya, kune zvinopfuura zvakakwana, kazhinji zvinongowanda, kunyanya kuitira kuti vamiririri vecyprinids vakure nekukurumidza uye kuwedzera uremu.

Ko crucian carp inokura sei mudziva? Kukura kwechisikigo kunoratidzika seizvi:

• mugore rokutanga rehupenyu, hove inowana huwandu hwe8 g;
• pakupera kwechipiri, iye atova anorema anenge 50 g;
• pazera remakore matatu, munhu ane uremu hwe100 g.

Mukombe mukuru wemubati wehove kubva mudziva remusango unorema 500 g. Uye kukura pakudya kazhinji kunosvika 5 kg pazera rimwe chete.

Behaviour features zvinosanganisira:

• mukana wekubereka pasina murume wemhando imwechete;
• kugara mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka mumatope;
• yakanakisa kugadzirisa kune chero mamiriro ehupenyu;
• omnivorous.

Makore mangani crucian carp inokura mudziva, uye ndedzipi nzira dzinogona kushandiswa kuibata?

Nzira dzokubata hove

Bata carp zvese uye zvakasiyana. Zvinokwanisika kubata hove dzakadaro kunyange neyokutanga tackle, zvisinei, zvishoma zvemazuva ano zvakagadzirirwa crucian carp. Kubva pakutanga kwechirimo kusvika pakupera kwematsutso shandisa:

• dhongi rine rubber shock absorber (elastic band);
• float tackle;
• carp killer kune nhamba yakasiyana yevanodyisa.

Muredzi anokwira mumwe nomumwe wavo nenzira yake, sekutaura, pachake. Kune nzira dzakawanda uye sarudzo, mune ramangwana tichataura zvakadzama nezvemumwe nemumwe wavo.

Zvakaoma kuwana mumiriri uyu we cyprinids kubva kuchando. Ko carp inoita sei munguva yechando? Inongochera mumatope panguva yechando chakanyanya kusvika pakadzika 0,7 m uye inomirira ipapo kune mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa, kusanganisira kusanaya kwemvura.

Inonakidza nezve crucians

Kunyangwe chipfuwo chedu chichizivikanwa nevakawanda, chine zvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika, izvo zvatichazivisa zvishoma:

• yekubata, garlic kana anise madonhwe anowanzowedzerwa kune chirauro, kunhuhwirira uku kunokwezva kunyange iyo ine usimbe crucian carp nekunyatso pecking;
• vakatanga kuberekana muChina, uye izvi zvakaitika muzana remakore rechinomwe AD;
• goldfish inowanzoshandiswa nevasayendisiti nokuda kwezvinangwa zvesainzi, ndivo vaiva vekutanga vagari vehove kupinda muchadenga;
• pfungwa yavo yekunhuwa yakanakisa, chirauro chakasimba-chinonhuhwirira chinokwanisa kukwezva kutarisa kwehove kubva kure, iri kure kure kubva pairi;
• iyo inonyanya kuoma nhengo ndiyo lateral line, ndiye achaudza crucian pamusoro pezvokudya, nzvimbo yengozi inogona kuitika, kureba kwechinhambwe kune chimwe chinhu.

Carp inowanzoshandiswa pakurima kwekugadzira, madziva mazhinji anobhadharwa anogarwa neiyi genus. Carp inokurumidza kukura uye kukura nechikafu chakakodzera, mumakore akati wandei zvinokwanisika kubata yekutanga.

Carp hove inowanikwa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Kune akawanda emhando dzecarp, mazhinji anosanganisirwa pano, kune zvakare tsvuku crucian carp. Vanobatwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, uye ndeipi iyo inonyanya kubudirira inotarirwa nehombe pachake.