Mukaka wemombe ndicho chikafu chakakwana… chemhuru
“Zvigadzirwa zvemukaka ndicho chikafu chakakodzera kubva kune zvakasikwa pachako - asi chete kana uri mhuru.
Kubva pakuona kwekushanduka-shanduka, kupindwa muropa kwevanhu nemukaka weimwe mhuka chinhu chisingatsananguriki. Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva kwemukaka kunoratidzika kune vakawanda sechinhu chakasikwa uye chisina mhosva zvachose. Zvisinei, kana iwe ukazvitarisa kubva pakuona kwebiology, zvinova pachena kuti amai zvisikwa hazvina kugadzirira kushandiswa kwakadaro kwe "chinwiwa" ichi.
Takangotanga kufudza mombe makore zviuru gumi zvapfuura. Hazvishamisi kuti munguva pfupi yakadaro, miviri yedu inenge isati yajaira kugayiwa kwemukaka werudzi rwekumwe. Zvinetso zvinomuka zvakanyanya nekugadziriswa kwelactose, carbohydrate inowanikwa mumukaka. Mumuviri, "shuga yemukaka" yakaputsika kuva sucrose uye galactose, uye kuitira kuti izvi zviitike, enzyme inokosha, lactase, inodiwa. Chinobata ndechekuti enzyme iyi inomira kugadzirwa muvanhu vazhinji vari pakati pemakore maviri kusvika mashanu. Ikozvino zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti ingangoita 75% yehuwandu hwenyika inotambura nelactose kusashivirira (2).
Usakanganwa kuti mukaka wemhuka imwe neimwe unogadziridzwa kune zvinodiwa zvevana vemhando chaiyo yehupenyu. Mukaka wembudzi ndewevana, mukaka wekatsi ndewekatsi, mukaka wembwa ndewevana uye wemombe ndewemhuru. Nenzira, mhuru pakuberekwa dzinorema anenge makirogiramu 45, panguva yekurumurwa kubva kuna amai, mhuru inotowedzera kurema kasere. Saizvozvo, mukaka wemhou une mapuroteni akapetwa katatu uye zvinovaka muviri kupfuura mukaka wevanhu. Zvisinei, pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzose dzinovaka muviri dzomukaka waamai, mhuru dzimwe chetedzo dzinorega kuunwa zvachose pashure pokunge dzasvika zera rakati. Ndizvo zvinoitikawo kune dzimwe mhuka dzinoyamwisa. Munyika yemhuka, mukaka ndicho chikafu chevana chete. Nepo vanhu vanonwa mukaka muhupenyu hwavo hwese, izvo muzvinhu zvese zvinopesana nemasikirwo ezvinhu.
Kusachena mumukaka
Kutenda kushambadza, isu takajaira kumufananidzo wemhou inofara ichifura murunyararo mumafuro. Zvisinei, vanhu vashomanana vanofunga nezvekuti mufananidzo uyu unoyevedza uri kure nei chaizvo. Mapurazi emukaka anowanzo shandisa nzira dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzekuwedzera "mavhoriyamu ekugadzira".
Semuyenzaniso, mhou inopinzwa urume, nekuti mubhizinesi hombe zvingave zvakanyanya kushandisa zviwanikwa kuronga misangano yakavanzika nenzombe kune yega yega. Mushure memhuru dzemhou, anopa mukaka, paavhareji, kwemwedzi gumi, mushure mezvo mhuka yacho inopinzwa zvakare uye kutenderera kwese kunodzokororwa patsva. Izvi zvinoitika kwemakore 10-4, iyo mhou inopedza mukuzvitakura nguva dzose uye kuberekwa kunorwadza (5). Panguva imwecheteyo, panguva yese iyi, mhuka inopa kakawanda mukaka wakawanda kupfuura zvinoitika mumamiriro echisikigo pakudyisa mwana. Izvi zvinowanzokonzerwa nekuti papurazi mhuka dzinopihwa mushonga unokosha wehomoni, recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH). Kana yatorwa mumuviri wemunhu kuburikidza nemukaka wemhou, iyi hormone inokurudzira kugadzirwa kweprotein inonzi insulin-like growth factor-3, iyo muhuwandu hwakawanda inogona kukonzera kukura kwekenza maseru (1). Maererano naDr. Samuel Epstein weAmerican Cancer Society: “Nokudya mukaka une rBGH (recombinant bovine growth hormone), kuwedzera kukuru kwemwero yeropa yeIGF-4 kunogona kukarirwa, izvo zvingawedzera kuwedzera ngozi yokuva nekenza yemazamu uye kubatsira pakuparadza kwayo” (1) .
Zvisinei, kunze kwekukura kwehomoni, mitsara yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowanzowanikwa mumukaka mukuedzwa kwerabhoritari. Mushure mezvose, nzira chaiyo yekuwana mukaka kushandiswa kwehutsinye pachiyero cheindasitiri. Nhasi uno, kukama kunosanganisira kubatanidza chidimbu chakakosha nepombi yevacuum pazamu remombe. Kuramba kukama muchina kunokonzeresa mastitis nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira mumombe. Kuti amise nzira yekuputika, mhuka dzinowanzoiswa jekiseni nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, iyo isingapere zvachose panguva yepasteurization (6).
Zvimwe zvinhu zvine ngozi zvakawanikwa mumukaka pane imwe nguva kana imwe zvinosanganisira mishonga yezvipembenene, dioxins, uye kunyange melamine, iyo isingagoni kubviswa ne pasteurization. Iyi chepfu haisi kubviswa pakarepo kubva mumuviri uye inokanganisa nhengo dzeurinary, pamwe nekudzivirira uye hurongwa hwekutya.
Mabhonzo ane utano here?
Mukupindura mubvunzo wezvinofanira kuitwa kuitira kuchengetedza mapfupa ane utano, chero chiremba achataura pasina kufunga kwakanyanya: "Inwa mukaka wakawanda!". Zvisinei, pasinei nekuzivikanwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemukaka munzvimbo dzedu, nhamba yevanhu vanotambura neosteoporosis iri kuramba ichikura gore negore. Zvinoenderana newebhusaiti yepamutemo yeRussian Osteoporosis Association, miniti yega yega muRussian Federation kune gumi nenomwe-zvinoshungurudza skeleton yeperipheral skeleton nekuda kweosteoporosis, maminitsi mashanu ega ega - kutyoka kweiyo femur, uye huwandu hwe17 miriyoni muchipatara. kuputika kukuru nekuda kweosteoporosis pagore (5).
Ikozvino hapana humbowo hwekuti zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvine mhedzisiro yakanaka pahutano hwemapfupa. Uyezve, mumakore apfuura, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaitwa zvichiratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemukaka, mumutemo, hakukanganisi simba remapfupa munzira ipi zvayo. Imwe yeakakurumbira ndeye Harvard Medical Study, iyo yaisanganisira inoda kusvika 78 zvidzidzo uye yakagara kwemakore gumi nemaviri. Chidzidzo ichi chakawana kuti vanhu vaidya mukaka wakawanda vaiwanzoita osteoporosis, sezvakaita avo vainwa mukaka mudiki kana kusavepo (12).
Muviri wedu unogara uchibudisa yekare, tsvina calcium kubva mumapfupa uye kuitsiva nehutsva. Saizvozvowo, kuitira kuchengetedza hutano hwemapfupa, zvakakosha kuchengetedza nguva dzose "kupa" kwechinhu ichi kumuviri. Chinodiwa chezuva nezuva che calcium ndeye 600 milligrams - izvi zvinopfuura zvakakwana kumuviri. Kuti uite izvi zvakajairwa, maererano nekutenda kwakakurumbira, iwe unofanirwa kunwa 2-3 magirazi emukaka pazuva. Zvisinei, kune zvimwe zvisingakuvadzi zvinomera zvinomera zve calcium. "Mukaka uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka hazvisi chikamu chinosungirwa chekudya uye, kazhinji, zvinogona kukanganisa hutano. Zviri nani kupa zvaunofarira kune chikafu chine hutano, icho chinomiririrwa nezviyo, michero, miriwo, nyemba uye vhitamini-yakasimbiswa chikafu, kusanganisira zviyo zvemangwanani uye majusi. Nekushandisa zvigadzirwa izvi, unogona kuzadza kudiwa kwecalcium, potasium, riboflavin zviri nyore pasina humwe hutano hwehutano hwakabatana nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemukaka, "vanorumbidza pawebhusaiti yavo yepamutemo vanachiremba kubva kumubatanidzwa wevatsigiri vekudya-kwekudyara (9 )