Vatsigiri vemhuka vanoronga kudzosera mhondi whale kumamiriro echisikigo, uye shandisa dziva rekutanga remitambo yenyika pasi pemvura uye nzvimbo yekudzidzira yemahara dhaidhi.
Nyaya yemhondi whales, iyo yakavanzwa mumatangi pedyo neMoscow Oceanarium iri kuvakwa kweanopfuura gore, izere nerunyerekupe uye maonero akasiyana. Icho chokwadi chekuti masangano ekudzivirira mhuka uye nyanzvi dzakazvimirira hadzina kumbobvumidzwa kupinda munzvimbo idzi dzinotungamira kune zvinosiririsa. Hutungamiri hweVDNKh hunoti zvinhu zvose zvakarongeka neanouraya whales uye kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera akagadzirirwa ivo. Asi zvinobvira here kunze kwegungwa? Mhuka hombe shanu-uye kunyange gumi-mamita, dzinoshambira mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo dzinopfuura 150 km pazuva, dzinokwanisa kugara muhusungwa? Uye nei kune muitiro wenyika yose wokuvharwa kwemapaki evaraidzo emugungwa?
Asi zvinhu zvekutanga kutanga.
Nyaya ye "Moscow" muurayi whales: nguva
Zvita 2 inocherekedza gore kubvira mawhale maviri emhondi akabatwa kuFar East kuMoscow Oceanarium iri kuvakwa ari kupera muzvikamu zviviri zvecylindrical zvakafukidzwa neine inflatable hangar pamusoro. Mhuka dzakaendeswa kune imwe ndege yeawa gumi kubva kuVladivostok kuenda kuMoscow nekumira muKrasnoyarsk, uye izvi zvose muchivande chakanyanya. Maererano nemishumo yenhau, mhuka yechitatu yakaunzwa kuMoscow kubva kuSochi svondo rapfuura.
Ichokwadi kuti manzwi asinganzwisisike anonzwika kubva kune hangar yeVDNKh ndiyo yakatanga kutaurwa nevagari vemo uye vashanyi kuratidzwa. Musoro wenyaya wakatanga kukurukurwa mumasocial network, zvikumbiro kumasangano ekuchengetedza mhuka zvakanaya. Musi waFebruary 19, hutungamiri hweAll-Russian Exhibition Center panguva iyoyo (chiratidziro chakanzizve paVDNKh zvishoma gare gare) vakagamuchira chikumbiro kubva kumutori wenhau achimukumbira kuti atsanangure izvo vashandi vezviratidziro vakanga vakavanza mumatangi. Musi waFebruary 27, akagamuchira mhinduro yokuti matangi anoshumira chinangwa chekupa mvura yeAll-Russian Exhibition Center.
Mwedzi inoverengeka yakapfuura, makuhwa uye fungidziro (sezvazvakazoitika gare gare, kwete pasina chikonzero) zvakangokura. Musi waGunyana 10, Marat Khusnullin, mutevedzeri wameya weguta guru remitemo yemadhorobha uye kuvaka, akataura kuti mawhale eiyo oceanarium iri kuvakwa akatengwa zvechokwadi, asi ari kuFar East.
Gare gare, iyo Vita Animal Rights Protection Center yakawana ruzivo pane mawebhusaiti emapepanhau ehurumende eKrasnoyarsk Territory kuti mhondi whale dzakatakurwa neI IL ndege kuenda kuguta guru muna Zvita 2013 uye zvakabudirira kuendeswa kuVDNKh. Vatsigiri vekodzero dzemhuka uye mutori wenhau akatendeukira kuAll-Russian Exhibition Center nechikumbiro akanyora chirevo kumapurisa, uko mazuva gumi gare gare vakagamuchira mhinduro inosimbisa kurongeka kwavo. Panguva imwecheteyo, mhosva yehutsinye kune mhuka "Vita" yakarambwa, sezvo varidzi vemhondi whale muuchapupu hwavo vakati mamiriro ose akakodzera ekuchengetedza mhuka akasikwa. Zvigumisiro zvekuongorora uye mhedziso dzeveterinarians uye nyanzvi hazvina kupiwa, tisingatauri marongerwo ezvivako.
Musi wa23 Gumiguru, Vita akagadzirira kuburitswa kwepamutemo kwakakonzera kunyomba chaiko. Vatori venhau vakanyatsorwisa hangar, vachiedza kubvisa vasungwa, asi varindi havana kubvumira chero ani zvake mukati, vachienderera mberi nekuseka kupikisa zviri pachena.
Vamiririri vemasangano maviri ehurumende, vachiperekedzwa nematanho masere enhau, vakakumbira mhinduro kubva kuvatungamiri veVDNKh. Mukupindura, nhumwa dzevoruzhinji dzakarambidzwa kuwana mhondi hove. Manheru ezuva rimwe chetero, VDNKh vezvenhau vakatumira mavhidhiyo nemifananidzo kune vezvenhau, zvichinzi zvichiratidza mamiriro akanaka emhuka:
"Mapfuti akatorwa nekamera yakakura-kona, iyo inotoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira ndege kubva muumhutu, uye mhuka dzinoratidzwa padyo pachiratidziro," anodaro Irina Novozhilova, purezidhendi weVita Animal Welfare Center. - Aya ndiwo matorerwo avanopfura mapikicha emabhuku ekubika kana iwe uchida kuratidza gungwa. Kapu inotorwa, simiti yeimba iri shure, pamusoro pemvura inobviswa pakona yakanyatsogadziriswa. Zuva rakatevera, nyaya huru dzakabuda mune dzakawanda zvenhau, dzichirumbidza kurumbidza kweiyo oceanarium. Vamwe vanyori vanenge vakanganwa kuti hapana aibvumirwa kupinda, uye hapana mhedzisiro yebvunzo dzingangopihwa.
Imwe mwedzi miviri yapfuura uye mamiriro haana kuchinja. Asi akakwanisa kumhan'ara Vita LLC Sochi Dolphinarium (bazi rayo riri kuvakwa muguta guru - ed.). Mhosva iyi inoti sangano iri rakazvidza rukudzo nechiremera chevamiriri veoceanarium. Mhosva haisi kuitika muMoscow, asi muAnapa (panzvimbo yekunyoreswa kwemumhan'ari), nekuti mumwe blogger kubva kuAnapa akatarisa kubvunzurudzwa naVita pane imwe chiteshi uye akatanga vhidhiyo iyi nekutaura kwake pamusoro pekupedzisira kunosuruvarisa. zvemhondi whale.
"Iye zvino nyaya yacho yakaoma, kusvika pakuvharwa kwesangano," anoenderera mberi Irina Novozhilova. “Takatotyisidzirwa, bhokisi redu reemail rakabiwa, uye tsamba dzemukati dzave pachena. Pahwaro hweruzivo rwakawanwa zvisiri pamutemo, zvinopfuura gumi nembiri zvinyorwa “zvinozvidza” zvakaburitswa. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti chiitiko chine ngozi chiri kuiswa. Kana nyanzvi dzemhuka dzemugungwa dzikaramba dzakanyarara, uye vatapi venhau havatomboedzi kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, vachiongorora kwete chete chinzvimbo chepamutemo chevanobatanidzwa, asiwo ruzivo rwepasirese munyaya iyi, nyaya iyi ichabatanidza kusateerera mutemo nechisimba.
Zviitiko zvakatsanangurwa zvinoratidza kuti isu, varwiri vekodzero dzemhuka vokuRussia, takapinda muchikamu ichocho chekufamba kwekodzero dzemhuka patakatanga kuonekwa. Bato redu riri kutora mukana paindasitiri yevaraidzo yemhuka. Uye zvino tinofanira kupfuura nepadanho rematare.
Killer whales inopenga muutapwa
Pamarudzi ose ayo munhu anoedza kuchengeta muutapwa, ndiwo macetaceans anotsungirira zvakanyanya. Chekutanga, nekuda kwekuti ivo vanogarisana uye vane hungwaru mhuka dzinoda kugara uchitaurirana uye chikafu chepfungwa.
Chechipiri, zvagara zvichizivikanwa kuti cetaceans inoshandisa echolocation kufamba muchadenga nekutsvaga chikafu. Kuongorora mamiriro acho ezvinhu, mhuka dzinotumira zviratidzo zvinoratidzwa kubva panzvimbo yakasimba. Kana aya ari akasimbiswa kongiri madziro edziva, zvino ichava tambo yekurira kusingagumi, kufungidzira kusina maturo.
- Unoziva here kuti ma dolphin anoshandisa sei nguva yavo mu dolphinarium mushure mekudzidziswa uye kuita? – Anotaura maneja wepurojekiti yeCentre for the Protection of Animal Rights "Vita" Konstantin Sabinin. - Dzinopindwa nechando panzvimbo dzakaisa mhino kumadziro uye hadzibudisi ruzha nekuti dzinogara dziri mushishi yekushushikana. Iye zvino fungidzira kuti kuombera kwevateereri kune ma dolphin nemhondi whale? Cetaceans avo vakashanda mukutapwa kwemakore akati wandei vanowanzopenga kana kungoita matsi.
Chechitatu, tekinoroji chaiyo yekugadzira mvura yegungwa inokuvadza mhuka. Sechinyakare, sodium hypochlorite inowedzerwa kumvura yakajairika uye electrolyzer inoshandiswa. Kana yasanganiswa nemvura, hypochlorite inoumba hypochlorous acid, kana yasanganiswa netsvina yemhuka, inogadzira muchetura organochlorine makomisheni, zvichitungamira mukushanduka. Vanopisa mucous membrane yemhuka, vanokonzera dysbacteriosis. Dolphins uye mhondi whales dzinotanga kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, ichipa mishonga kumutsidzira microflora. Asi semugumisiro weizvi, chiropa chinokundikana mune zvinosuruvarisa. Magumo ndeamwe - zero shoma tarisiro yehupenyu.
- kuti kufa kweanouraya whale mu dolphinariums kwakapetwa kaviri nehafu kupfuura zviratidzo zvechisikigo, - nhengo dzeboka rekutanga kuratidza muRussia dzinoti. firimu "Blackfish"*. - Haawanzorarama kusvika kumakore makumi matatu (avhareji yehupenyu hunotarisirwa musango ndeye 30-40 makore evarume uye 50-60 makore evakadzi). Zera repamusoro rinozivikanwa remuurayi whale musango anenge makore zana.
Chinhu chakanyanya kuipa ndechekuti mukutapwa mhondi whale dzinowanzoratidza zvehasha kuita kune vanhu. yezviitiko zvinopfuura zana nemakumi maviri zvehukasha hunhu hwemhondi whale muusungwa kuvanhu, kusanganisira 120 nyaya dzinouraya, pamwe nekurwiswa kwakati wandei izvo zvisina kutungamira kurufu rwemunhu. Kana tichienzanisa, musango makanga musina kana nyaya imwe chete yekuti mhondi whale yakauraya munhu.
VDNKh inotaura kuti nzvimbo yemvura yemadziva inogara mhuka inopfuura 8 cubic metres, aya maviri madziva akasanganiswa ane dhayamita yemamita 000 uye kudzika kwemamita makumi maviri neshanu, zviyero zvemhondi whale pachazvo 25 metres. uye 8m.
"Asi havana kupa uchapupu hwemashoko aya," anodaro Irina Novozhilova. -Muvhidhiyo yakatumirwa, mhondi whale dzinoshambira mune imwe chete yematangi. Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwekunyarara, izvo zvatisingakwanise kuratidza, dzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa dzinochengetwawo panharaunda yeVDNKh. Kana ichi chiri chokwadi, hapana nzira iyo mhondi whale dzinogona kunge dziri mumidziyo miviri, nekuti idzo dzinodya nyama. Izvi zvakasimbiswa nenyanzvi, dzakadzidza chiyero chekubata: aya mawhale anouraya akabatwa munzvimbo dzinogara vanhu vanodya nyama. Kureva kuti kana ukaisa mhondi idzi nedzimwe mhuka, makudo anongodzidya.
Mormlek nyanzvi, mushure mekuona vhidhiyo, yakaita mhedziso inosuruvarisa yokuti mhuka dzinonzwa dzakaipa, simba ravo rinoderedzwa. Zvimbi zvinodzikiswa - mumhuka ine hutano zvinomira zvakati twasa. Muvara we epidermis unoshandurwa: panzvimbo yechando-chena ruvara, yakawana grey tint.
— Mapaki ekutandarira ane mhuka dzemugungwa iindasitiri yeropa. "Mhuka dzinofa panguva yekubatwa, kutakura, mumadziva pachavo," anodaro Irina Novozhilova. “Dhora ripi neripi, rine ngura kana ndarama, rinongori dhiramu. Hazvibviri kugadzira mamiriro akajairika emuurayi whale, kunyangwe isu tiri kutaura nezve oceanarium pagungwa: kusungwa muhusungwa kunopinza mhuka mumamiriro ekuora mwoyo kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ayo.
60 yakavharwa dolphinariums /
Nhasi, kune vangangoita makumi mashanu neshanu orcas vari muhusungwa munyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, kune maitiro akajeka kune kuderedzwa kwenhamba ye oceanariums uye dolphinariums. Chiitiko ichi chinova chekukundikana mune zvemari. Iwo maoceanariums makuru anotambura kurasikirwa, kusanganisira nekuda kwemhosva dzakawanda. Nhamba dzekupedzisira ndedzinotevera: 52 dolphinariums uye oceanariums munyika yakavharwa, uye 60 vavo vakaderedza mabasa avo panguva yekuvaka.
Costa Rica ipiyona munzira iyi: yaive yekutanga munyika kurambidza dolphinariums uye zoo. MuEngland kana Holland, aquariums dzakavharwa kwemakore akati wandei kuti dzisadhure. MuUK, mhuka dzinorarama chinyararire hupenyu hwadzo: hadzina kuraswa kure, hadzina kusunungurwa, asi mapaki matsva evaraidzo haana kuvakwa, nekuti zvinorambidzwa kutenga mhuka dzemugungwa pano. Aquariums yakasara isina mhuka inovharwa kana kudzokororwa kuratidza hove uye invertebrates.
MuCanada, iko zvino hazvisi pamutemo kubata nekushandisa mabelugas. MuBrazil, kushandiswa kwemhuka dzomugungwa pakuzvivaraidza hakusi pamutemo. Israel yakarambidza kupinzwa munyika kwema dolphin kuti vazvitadze. MuUnited States, mudunhu reSouth Carolina, ma<em>dolphinarium akarambidzwa zvachose; mune dzimwe nyika, maitiro akafanana ari kubuda.
MuNicaragua, Croatia, Chile, Bolivia, Hungary, Slovenia, Switzerland, Cyprus, zvinorambidzwa kuchengeta cetaceans muutapwa. MuGreece, kufananidzirwa nemhuka dzomugungwa kunorambidzwa, uye maIndia aiwanzoziva madolphin somunhu mumwe nomumwe!
Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa zvakajeka kuti chinhu chega chinobvumira iyi indasitiri yevaraidzo kuti irambe iripo kufarira kwevanhuwo zvavo vasingazive kana kuziva, asi vasinganyanyi kufunga nezvemutakuri werufu uye kutambura kunoenderana neindasitiri iyi.
IMWE TSVIRO YEMHIRIZHONGA
Nzira yekushandisa sei nzvimbo yeMoscow Oceanarium?
“Tinoronga kuvhura nhandare yepasi pemvura yekutanga pasi rose muMoscow,” vanodaro muVita. - Masikati, kudzidziswa kwemahara kudhivha kunogona kuitika pano, uye kuita pasi pemvura manheru. Iwe unogona kuisa 3D plasma skrini - vateereri vanozozvifarira!
Kudzidza kunyura kusvika pakadzika dzika pasina scuba gear musango hakuna kuchengeteka. Mudziva, pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemudzidzisi, inyaya yakasiyana zvachose. Iko hakuna dziva rakadzika zvakakwana kuti vasviki vemahara munyika vadzidzise zvinobudirira. Mukuwedzera, ikozvino yave fashoni, uye varidzi veoceanarium vachakurumidza kubhadhara mari yose. Mushure mevanhu, hapana chikonzero chekuchenesa madziva mahombe etsvina nebleach, uye vanhu havafanire kutenga nekuendesa zana rehove zuva nezuva.
Pane mukana here we "Moscow" anouraya whales kuti ararame mushure mekutapwa?
Mutungamiriri wemumiriri weRussia weAntarctic Alliance, biologist Grigory Tsidulko:
- Hongu, mawhale anouraya achararama nekufambisa kwakanaka uye kudzoreredzwa. Chaizvo. Kune masangano uye nyanzvi dzinogona kubatsira mhuka - kwete pasina rubatsiro rwevanorwira kodzero dzemhuka, hongu.
Project Maneja weVita Animal Rights Protection Center Konstantin Sabinin:
Kwaiva nemienzaniso yakadaro. Mushure menguva yekudzorera munzvimbo yegungwa, mhuka dzinogona kusunungurwa mumamiriro echisikigo. Marehabilitation centers akadai aripo, takataura nenyanzvi dzavo pamusangano wezvemhuka dzemugungwa. Nyanzvi dzenhoroondo iyi dzirikowo.
HAPANA MITEMO INOITA KUTAPWA NEKUCHENGETEWA KWEMHUKA DZEMUNGO
Musoro weboka rinoshanda pamhondi whale, nhengo yeBhodi yeDare reMarine Mammals, Ph.D. Olga Filatova:
"Narnia the killer whale uye" cellmate yake "inongova muromo wechando. Vakabatwa muGungwa reOkhotsk sechikamu chebhizimusi repamutemo rekutora uye kutengesa mhuka dzemugungwa. Mutengo wepagore wekutora mawhale whale ndeye 10 vanhu. Mhuka zhinji dzinotengeswa kuChina, kunyangwe zviri pamutemo kubatwa kunoitwa "nechinangwa chekudzidzisa uye tsika nedzidzo." Varidzi veDolphinarium pasirese - uye Russia haina mutsauko - vanoruramisa zviitiko zvavo nekukosha kusinganzwisisike kwetsika uye dzidzo, asi muchokwadi iwo anongori masangano ekutengesa, chirongwa chayo chakanangana nekugutsa kusazvibata kuravira kweruzhinji.
Hapana anonyatsoziva kuti vangani mhondi whale dziri muGungwa reOkhotsk. Kufungidzira nenyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana kunotangira pa300 kusvika ku10000 vanhu. Uyezve, kune marudzi maviri akasiyana emhondi whale dzinodya mhuka dzakasiyana uye dzisingabatanidzi.
Mumvura yeKuril Islands uye nechepakati peGungwa reOkhotsk, hove dzinodya hove dzinonyanya kuwanikwa. Munzvimbo dzisina kudzika dzemahombekombe ekumadokero, kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGungwa reOkhotsk, carnivores inotungamira (inodya zvisimbiso nedzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa). Ndivo vanobatwa kutengeswa, uye mhondi whale kubva kuVDNKh ndeyevanhu ava. Mukutapwa, vanodyiswa "12 marudzi ehove", kunyange zvazvo muzvisikwa vaivhima zvisimbiso.
Nemutemo, vanhu vakasiyana ndeve "matura" akasiyana, uye quotas kwavari inofanira kuverengerwa zvakasiyana, asi muchokwadi izvi hazviitwe.
Carnivorous killer whales inowanzova shoma muhuwandu - shure kwezvose, ivo vari pamusoro pepiramidhi yezvokudya. Kubata kwakanyanya kwakadai, sezvazvino, kunogona kukanganisa huwandu hwevanhu mumakore mashoma. Izvi zvichava nhau dzakaipa kwete chete kune vanouraya whale vanoda, asiwo kune vabati vehove vomunharaunda - shure kwezvose, imhuka dzinouraya dzinouraya dzinogadzirisa nhamba yezvisimbiso, izvo zvinowanzoba hove kubva mumambure.
Mukuwedzera, kutonga pamusoro pekubata hakusati kwasimbiswa. Kunyangwe kubatwa nekuchenjerera nenyanzvi dzine ruzivo kukuvadzwa kwepfungwa kukuru kune idzi mhuka dzakangwara uye dzinoshamwaridzana, dzinobvarurwa kure nemhuri yadzo uye dzinoiswa munzvimbo yekunze, inotyisa. Muchiitiko chedu, zvinhu zvose zvakanyanya kuipa, hapana vataridzi vakazvimiririra pakubata, uye kana dzimwe mhuka dzikafa, yakavanzwa nemaune.
Maererano nehuwandu hwehurumende, hapana muurayi mumwechete whale akafa mumakore achangopfuura, kunyange zvazvo tichiziva kubva kune zvisiri pamutemo kuti izvi zvinoitika nguva dzose. Kusadzora kunokurudzira kushungurudzwa pamatanho akasiyana. Sekureva kweruzivo rweSMM kubva kuvagari venzvimbo iyi, muna Chikunguru wegore rino, mhondi nhatu dzakabatwa zvisiri pamutemo dzisati dzapihwa mvumo uye dzakatengeswa kuChina maererano nemagwaro a2013.
MuRussia, hapana mitemo kana mitemo inotungamirira kutapwa kwemhuka dzomugungwa.
9 KUPOKANA
Boka renyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu riri kuronga kuongorora firimu rinonzi “Blackfish” * (Black Fin) vachipesana nenharo dzekuburitswa kwenhau kweSochi Dolphinarium.
BF: Tsika yekuona whale musango yava kuwedzera. Kuchamhembe kwehemisphere neEurope, nzendo dzezvikepe dzakarongwa kwaunogona kuona mhuka mumamiriro echisikigo:
,
,
uye pano unogona kunyange kushambira navo.
MuRussia, zvinokwanisika kuona mhondi whale muKamchatka, Kuril uye Commander Islands, kuFar East (semuenzaniso,). Iwe unogona kuuya kuPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky uye uburuke pane imwe yezvikepe zvakawanda zvevashanyi muAvacha Bay (semuenzaniso,).
Mukuwedzera, zvinyorwa zvezvisikwa zvinoratidza mhuka mukubwinya kwadzo kose uye zvinokukurudzira kuti utarise kunaka kwepasi rakakupoteredza. Vana vanodzidzei nekutarisa mhuka dzakanaka dzakasimba dzakavigwa mukeji diki / dziva rine mamiriro asiri emusikirwo kwavari? Tichadzidzisei chizvarwa chechidiki nekuvaratidza kuti zvakanaka kukanganisa rusununguko rwemumwe munhu nekuda kwekunakidzwa kwedu?
D:
BF: Chokwadi, pane zvinhu zvecetacean biology zvakaoma (asi hazvigoneke) kudzidza musango. "Mararamiro uye maitiro" haashandisi kwavari, nokuti "mararamiro" emuurayi whale muutapwa anoiswa uye haasi echisikigo. Havagoni kusarudza basa ravanoita, basa, kana kunyange nzvimbo, kunze kwezvavanotemerwa nemunhu. Naizvozvo, kucherekedza kwakadaro kunoita kuti zvikwanise kutonga chete kuti mhondi whale dzinoenderana sei nemamiriro asiri echisikigo ekutapwa.
BF: Kune zvakare data yekufa kweanouraya whale uye akatapwa-akaberekwa anouraya whale kubva kuSeaWorld Aquarium muAmerica. Pakazara, anokwana makumi matatu nemanomwe emhondi whale akafa mumapaki matatu eSeaWorld (pamwe nemumwe akafa muLoro Parque, Tenerife). Pavacheche makumi matatu vakaberekerwa muusungwa, gumi vakafa, uye vazhinji vanaamai vewhale vakatadza kutsungirira matambudziko panguva yekusununguka. Pakanyoreswa nyaya dzinosvika makumi matatu uye vana vakafa.
Hwerengedzo ye1964 mhondi whale dzakafira muusungwa kubvira 139. Izvi hazvisi kuverenga avo vakafa panguva yekutorwa kubva musango. Mukuenzanisa, izvi zvakakura zvakapetwa kaviri sehuwandu hwevanhu veSouth Residents, iyo ikozvino iri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma nekuda kwekutora kwakaitika muBritish Columbia muma1960 uye 70s.
BF: Parizvino, kune akati wandei zvidzidzo pane akasiyana mhondi whale vanhu. Mamwe acho anogara anopfuura makumi maviri (uye kunyange anopfuura makumi mana) makore.
Hazvisi pachena kuti nhamba ye180 yeAntarctica yakabva kupi. Kufungidzira kuchangopfuura kweSESE Antarctic killer whales iri pakati pe000 ne25 vanhu (Bazi, TA An, F. uye GG Joyce, 000).
Asi zvinokwana zvitatu zvinouraya whale ecotypes zvinogara imomo, uye kune vamwe vavo mamiriro emhando yacho anosimbiswa. Saizvozvo, fungidziro dzekuwanda uye kugovera kunofanirwa kuitwa kune yega yega ecotype zvakasiyana.
MuRussia, kunewo maviri ecotypes emhondi whales dzakaparadzaniswa nekuzvarwa kubva kune mumwe, kureva kuti hadzisanganise kana kuberekesana, uye dzinomiririra dzinenge mbiri vanhu vakasiyana. Izvi zvakasimbiswa nezvidzidzo zvenguva refu (kubvira 1999) muFar East (Filatova et al. 2014, Ivkovich et al. 2010, Burdinetal. 2006, Filatova et al. 2007, Filatova et al. 2009, Filatova et al. 2010) , Ivkovichetal. Filatova et al. 2010 nevamwe). Kuvapo kwevanhu vaviri vari voga kunoda nzira yemunhu yekuongorora zvese kuwanda uye chiyero chengozi kune yega yega.
NekuRussia zvine chekuita, hapana ongororo yakasarudzika yenhamba dzemhondi whale munzvimbo yekubata (Gungwa reOkhotsk) yakaitwa. Pane chete data yekare yakaunganidzwa munzira pakuona mamwe marudzi. Mukuwedzera, nhamba chaiyo yemhuka dzakabviswa kubva muhuwandu panguva yekubata (vapukunyuki + vakafa) haizivikanwi. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, quotas inogoverwa gore negore yekubata gumi anouraya whale. Naizvozvo, tisingazive hukuru hwehuwandu hwevanhu, tisingatarise kupatsanurwa kuita vanhu vaviri vakasiyana, tisina ruzivo nezvehuwandu hwevanhu vakabatwa, hatigone kuongorora njodzi dzehuwandu uye kuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwayo.
Kune rimwe divi, nharaunda yepasirese ine chiitiko chinosiririsa apo vanhu makumi mashanu nevatatu (kusanganisira vakafa) vakabviswa muhuwandu hweSouthern Resident killer whales (British Columbia) mumakore mashoma, izvo zvakakonzera kuderera kwakakurumidza kwehuwandu uye. zvino chiverengero ichi chave pedyo nokutsakatika.
D: Kusikwa kwenzvimbo yedu pachedu muRussia, uko kunokwanisika kuona mhondi whale mumamiriro akanyanya ekuchengetedza kwavo, ichabvumira masayendisiti eRussia kusvika padanho idzva reruzivo pamusoro pavo. Nyanzvi dzeVNIRO** centre dzinoshanda pamwe nenyanzvi dzeSochi Dolphinarium LLC centre panyaya dzesainzi dzekuongorora hove dzinouraya, dzakaramba dzichishanyira nzvimbo iyi ine mhuka dzinoyamwisa.
BF: Nyanzvi dzeVNIRO hadzina kudzidza mhondi whale. Ndapota taura zvinyorwa zvesainzi zvinopa zvakabuda muzvidzidzo izvi. Sezvatotaurwa, mamiriro ehusungwa haana kunaka. Muenzaniso ndewekuverenga kuti mhondi whale iri mudziva reSeaWorld inoda kushambira ichitenderedza dziva kanenge ka1400 pazuva kuitira kuti ikwanise kuvhara chinhambwe chinofambwa nemhuka dzemusango muzuva.
D: Mhou dzinouraya dziri pasi pekutariswa nguva dzose kweHurumende Veterinary Service, pamwe chete nevanomwe veterinarians vane chiremera. Kamwe chete pamwedzi, kuongororwa kwezvechiremba kwemhuka kunoitwa (kusanganisira kuongororwa kweropa kwekiriniki uye biochemical, tsika dze microbiological uye swabs kubva ku mucous membranes yekumusoro kwekufema turakiti). Pamusoro peiyo otomatiki yekudzora kunaka kwemvura system, nyanzvi dzepakati dzinoita zviyero zvehupamhi hwemvura mudziva maawa matatu ega ega. Mukuwedzera, kuongororwa kwemvura kunotariswa mwedzi wega wega kune 63 zviratidzo murabhoritari yakasarudzika muMoscow. Madziva akashongedzerwa nemichina yakakosha: maawa matatu oga oga mvura inopfuura zvachose kuburikidza nemasefa ekuchenesa. Iyo salinity level uye tembiricha yemvura inochengetedzwa zvinoenderana nenzvimbo dzinouraya whale dzinofananidzwa nemamiriro echisikigo.
BF: Zvingave zvakanaka kuona iwo chaiwo emhando yemvura paramita inogamuchirwa pano se "inofananidzwa nemamiriro echisikigo". Kemikari yemvura inozivikanwa kuti inokanganisa hutano hwemawhale anouraya, uye kuwanda kweklorini kwakawanda kunoshandiswa kuchengetedza mvura yebhuruu yedziva, inoyevedza kune veruzhinji.
D: Imwe mhondi whale inodya makirogiramu zana ehove pazuva, kudya kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana, ine mhando gumi nembiri dzehove dzemhando yepamusoro, dzinosanganisira pink salmon, chum salmon, coho salmon nedzimwe dzakawanda.
BF: Mhuka dzemhondi dzakabatwa muRussia ndedzeecotype inodya nyama iyo mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo inodya chete mhuka dzemugungwa (zvisimbiso zvemvere, shumba dzegungwa, zvisimbiso, gungwa otters, nezvimwewo). Killer whales, idzo dzava kuVDNKh, hadzina KUMBOdya salmon yepink, chum salmon, coho salmon, nezvimwewo munzvimbo yadzo yechisikigo.
Carnivorous killer whales haawanzo uye akasiyana kubva kune mamwe mawhale whale anouraya munyika zvekuti masayendisiti anogutsikana kuti anofanirwa kuzivikanwa semhando dzakasiyana (Morin et al. 2010, Biggetal 1987, Riechetal. 2012, Parsonsetal. 2013 nevamwe). Zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti carnivorous killer whales isingadyi hove inogara munzvimbo yekubata (Filatova et al. 2014).
Saizvozvo, kudya hove dzakafa hakuzadzise zvinodiwa zvemuviri zveanouraya whale, ayo muzvisikwa anodya chete high-calorie inodziya-ine ropa chikafu.
Sezvo ukuru hwehuwandu uhu husingazivikanwe, zviri pachena kuti zvibvumirano zvekuteya zvinopihwa zvichibva kwete pane data resainzi, asi nekuda kwezvido zvekutengeserana.
Kubata mawhale emhondi mumvura yeRussia, iyo mawhale aya, haina kusimbiswa nesainzi, haisi pasi pekutonga uye kushuma (iyo isingapi kunzwisisa kwehunyanzvi hwekuteya uye kufa kweanouraya whale panguva yekubatwa) uye inoitwa. nejuggling yemagwaro (.
Mhinduro dzakagadzirirwa na:
- E. Ovsyanikova, biologist, nyanzvi yemhuka dzomugungwa, mudzidzi wepashure paYunivhesiti yeCanterbury (New Zealand), anobatanidzwa mubasa rekudzidza Antarctic killer whales.
- T. Ivkovich, biologist, mudzidzi wepashure weSt. Petersburg State University. Kushanda nemhuka dzemugungwa kubva 2002. Anotora chikamu muFEROP killer whale research project.
- E. Jikia, biologist, Ph.D., muongorori paLabhoritari yeMolecular Biology yeFederal State Institution of Radiology. Anga achishanda nemhuka dzemugungwa kubvira 1999. Akatora chikamu muFEROP killer whale research project, mukudzidza grey whales muGungwa reOkhotsk uye transit killer whales paCommander Islands.
- O. Belonovich, biologist, Ph.D., muongorori paKamchatNIRO. Kushanda nemhuka dzemugungwa kubvira 2002. Akatora chikamu mumapurojekiti ekudzidza beluga whale muWhite Sea, shumba dzegungwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwePacific Ocean, uye kudzidza kudyidzana pakati peanouraya whale nehove.
* "* ("Black Fin") - nyaya yemurume muurayi whale anonzi Tilikum, muurayi whale akauraya vanhu vanoverengeka panguva yaakanga atova muusungwa. Muna 2010, panguva yemutambo papaki yekuvaraidza yemvura muOrlando, Tilikum akakwevera mudzidzisi Don Brasho pasi pemvura ndokumunyudza. Sezvazvinoitika, njodzi iyi (iyi ndiyo nzira iyo chiitiko chacho chaive chakakodzera) haisi iyo chete munyaya yeTilikum. Pane mumwe munhu akabatwa paaccount yemhondi whale iyi. Mugadziri weBlack Fin Gabriela Cowperthwaite anoshandisa inokatyamadza mifananidzo yemhondi whale kurwisa uye kubvunzurudza nezvapupu kuyedza kunzwisisa zvikonzero chaizvo zvenjodzi.
Kuongororwa kwefirimu kwakamutsa kuratidzira muUnited States uye kuvharwa kwemapaki evaraidzo emugungwa (chinyorwa chemunyori).
** VNIRO inzvimbo inotungamira yeindasitiri yehove, kurongedza kuitiswa kwezvirongwa uye zvirongwa zvekutsvagisa nekusimudzira hove uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwemasangano ese ekutsvagisa hove muRussian Federation.
Chinyorwa: Svetlana ZOTOVA.