Batsira Mhuka Dzarasika: Basa Rinogoneka? Nezve nzira dzevanhu dzekudzora huwandu hwevanhu, ruzivo rweEurope nekupfuura

Hapana kana chipfuwo chimwechete chinoda kuve chirasika chekuzvisarudzira, isu tinovaita saizvozvo. Imbwa dzekutanga dzakachengetwa makore anopfuura zviuru gumi nesere apfuura panguva yeLate Paleolithic, katsi dzekutanga gare gare - 18 zviuru zvemakore apfuura (masayendisiti haana kubvumirana pane chaizvo zvakaitika izvi). Ndiko kuti, mhuka dzese dzisina pekugara zvino dzinogara mumigwagwa yemaguta edu ndevedzinza reiyo imbwa dzekare dzekare uye katsi dzakauya kuzodziya moto wevanhu vekare. Kubva tichiri vaduku, tinoziva mashoko akakurumbira okuti: “Tine mutoro kune vaya vatakapingudza.” Saka sei, muzera redu rekufambira mberi reruzivo rwemichina, vanhu vasina kumbobvira vadzidza zvinhu zviri nyore uye zvinonzwisisika kunyangwe kumwana? Maonero kumhuka anoratidza kuti nzanga yose zvayo ine hutano hwakadii. Kugara zvakanaka uye kubudirira kwehurumende kunogona kutongwa nekuwanda kweavo vasingakwanisi kuzvitarisira ivo vanodzivirirwa munharaunda iyi.

Chiitiko cheEurope

"Munyika zhinji dzeEurope, huwandu hwemhuka dzisina pokugara hunenge husingadzorwi nehurumende," anodaro Natalie Konir, mukuru wedhipatimendi rePR wesangano repasi rose rekudzivirira mhuka Four Paws. “Vanobereka vana vasina simba remunhu. Nokudaro ngozi kugarikano yezvose zviri zviviri mhuka navanhu.

Munyika dzakawanda dzeEU, kuMaodzanyemba neEastern Europe, imbwa nekatsi zvinogara kumaruwa kana mumaguta nemhaka yokuti zvinodyiswa nevanhu vane hanya. Muchiitiko ichi, mhuka dzine kutambanudza dzinogona kunzi dzisina pokugara, asi "paruzhinji". Huwandu hukuru hwavo hunouraiwa, uye kazhinji nenzira dzehutsinye, mumwe munhu anoendeswa kunzvimbo dzekugara, mamiriro ehusungwa ayo anosiya zvakanyanya kudiwa. Zvikonzero zvekuputika kwehuwandu hwevanhu zvakasiyana uye zvakaoma, uye zvine midzi yavo yenhoroondo munyika imwe neimwe.

Iko hakuna nhamba dzemhuka dzakarasika muEurope yose. Zvinongozivikanwa kuti Romania inogona kusarudzwa pakati penzvimbo dzine dambudziko. Maererano nezviremera zvomunzvimbomo, kune imbwa nekatsi 35 muBucharest moga, uye kune mamiriyoni 000 pamwe chete munyika ino. Musi wa4 Gunyana, 26, Mutungamiriri weRomania Traian Băsescu akasaina mutemo unobvumira kuuraiwa kwembwa dzinenge dzarasika. Mhuka dzinogona kugara muhuvanda kwemazuva anosvika 2013, mushure mezvo, kana pasina munhu anoda kuenda navo kumba, vanodzingwa. Sarudzo iyi yakamutsa kuratidzira kwakawanda pasi rose, kusanganisira muRussia.

- Kune nyika nhatu idzo dambudziko rakagadziriswa nemazvo sezvinobvira maererano nemutemo. Idzi iGermany, Austria neSwitzerland,” anoenderera mberi Natalie Konir. “Pane mitemo yakasimba yekuchengeta zvipfuyo pano. Muridzi wega wega ane mutoro wemhuka uye ane huwandu hwezvisungo zvemutemo. Imbwa dzose dzakarasika dzinopedzisira dzava mudzimba, umo dzinochengetwa kutozosvikira varidzi vawanikwa. Zvisinei, munyika idzi, kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nechinetso chekatsi dzakarasika, izvo zvakaoma kubata, sezvo mhuka idzi dzeusiku dzinovanda munzvimbo dzakavanda mukati mezuva. Panguva imwecheteyo, katsi dzinokura zvakanyanya.

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani mamiriro acho ezvinhu, ngatigarei zvakadzama pane zvakaitika kumaGermany nemaBritish.

Germany: mitero uye machipisi

MuGermany, nekuda kwemutero system uye chipping, hapana imbwa dzinorasika. Pakutenga imbwa, muridzi wayo anosungirwa kunyoresa mhuka. Nhamba yekunyoresa yakavharwa mu chip, iyo inobaiwa mukati mekuoma. Nokudaro, mhuka dzose dziri pano dzakagoverwa kuvaridzi kana kuti kudzimba.

Uye kana muridzi wacho akangoerekana afunga kukanda chipfuwo kunze kwemugwagwa, saka anokanganisa kutyora mutemo wekuchengetedzwa kwemhuka, sezvo chiito chakadaro chinogona kuverengerwa sehutsinye. Mutero munyaya iyi inogona kuva 25 zviuru zveeuro. Kana muridzi wacho asina mukana wekuchengeta imbwa kumba, saka anogona, kwete pasina kunonoka, kuiisa munzvimbo yekugara.

“Kana ukangoerekana waona imbwa ichifamba mumigwagwa isina muridzi, unogona kutaura nemapurisa zvakachengeteka,” anodaro Sandra Hyunich, murongi wechirongwa chekuchengeta mhuka dzisina pekugara wesangano repasi rose rinodzivirira mhuka rinonzi Four Paws. - Mhuka inobatwa yoiswa mudumba, iro rinopfuura mazana matanhatu.

Paunotenga imbwa yekutanga, muridzi anobhadhara mutero we150 euros, inotevera - 300 euros kune mumwe nemumwe wavo. Imbwa yekurwa inodhura zvakanyanya - avhareji ye650 euros pamwe neinishuwarenzi kana paine kurwiswa kwevanhu. Varidzi vembwa dzakadaro vanosungirwa kuva nemvumo yekuva muridzi uye chitupa chekuenzanisa kwembwa.

Munzvimbo dzekugara, imbwa dzine utano hwakanaka mumuviri nepfungwa dzinogona kurarama hupenyu hwose. Mhuka dzine chirwere chinouraya dzinourayiwa. Sarudzo yekusunungura inoitwa nachiremba wezvipfuyo ane mutoro.

MuGermany, haugone kuuraya kana kukuvadza mhuka pasina kurangwa. Vese vanokanganisa, neimwe nzira kana imwe, vachatarisana nemutemo.

MaGermany ane mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru nekatsi:

“Masangano anoyamura akaverenga katsi dzinenge mamiriyoni maviri dzakarasika muGermany,” anoenderera mberi Sandra. “MaNGO madiki anodzivirira mhuka anovabata, ovauraya uye ovaregedza. Dambudziko nderekuti hazvigoneke kuona kuti katsi inofamba haina pekugara here kana kuti yakangorasika. Mumakore matatu apfuura, vanga vachiedza kugadzirisa dambudziko padanho remanisipala. Maguta anodarika mazana maviri adzika mutemo unoti varidzi vekatsi vabhadhare katsi dzavo vasati vadzirega dzichibuda panze.

UK: 2013 imbwa dzakaurayiwa mu9

Munyika ino, hapana mhuka dzisina pekugara dzakazvarwa uye dzakarererwa mumugwagwa, pane chete dzakasiiwa kana dzakarasika mhuka dzinovaraidza.

Kana mumwe munhu akaona imbwa ichifamba isina muridzi mumugwagwa, ipapo anozivisa muchengeti wemhuka dzisina pokugara. Anobva angomutumira kune imwe nzvimbo yekugara. Pano imbwa inochengetwa kwemazuva manomwe kuti ione kana ine muridzi. Inenge hafu ye "vana vasina pekugara" vanobatwa kubva pano vanodzoserwa kuvaridzi vavo, vamwe vese vanotumirwa kudzimba dzega uye nemasangano anobatsira (ayo anenge mazana matatu pano), kana kutengeswa, uye, muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, kusunungurwa.

Zvishoma nezvenhamba. Muna 2013, kwaiva nembwa 112 dzakarasika muEngland. Inenge 000% yenhamba yavo yakabatanidzwazve nevaridzi vavo mukati megore rimwe chete. 48% yakaendeswa kudzimba dzehurumende, dzinenge 9% dzakatorwa nemasangano ekudzivirira mhuka kuti vawane varidzi vatsva. 25% yemhuka (dzinenge imbwa 8) dzakadzingwa. Maererano nenyanzvi, mhuka idzi dzakaurayiwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera: hutsinye, chirwere, matambudziko ehutano, mamwe marudzi, nezvimwewo. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti muridzi haana kodzero yekudzivirira mhuka ine utano, inoshanda chete kune imbwa dzinorwara dzakarasika. uye katsi.

The Animal Welfare Act (2006) yakadzikwa kuUK kuchengetedza shamwari dzemhuka, asi imwe yacho inoshanda kumhuka zvachose. Semuenzaniso, kana mumwe munhu akauraya imbwa kwete mukuzvidzivirira, asi nekuda kwepenchant yehutsinye uye kusuruvara, ipapo flayer anogona kuzvidavirira.

Russia: ruzivo rwaani rwekutora?

Imbwa ngani dzisina pokugara dziriko muRussia? Hapana nhamba dzepamutemo. MuMoscow, maererano nekuongorora kwakaitwa neInstitute of Ecology and Evolution inonzi AN Severtsov, yakaitwa muna 1996, paiva ne26-30 zviuru zvemhuka dzakarasika. Muna 2006, maererano neWild Animal Service, nhamba iyi haina kuchinja. Around 2013, huwandu hwevanhu hwakaderedzwa kusvika 6-7 zviuru.

Hapana anonyatsoziva kuti ingani nzvimbo dzekugara munyika yedu. Sekufungidzira kwakashata, imwe nzvimbo yekugara yega paguta rine vanhu vanopfuura 500. MuMoscow, mamiriro acho ezvinhu anowedzera tariro: 11 maguta edzimba, ane 15 katsi nembwa, uye anenge makumi maviri neshanu ega, umo mhuka dzinenge 25 dzinogara.

Mamiriro ezvinhu anowedzera nekuti muRussia hapana zvirongwa zvehurumende zvingabvumira neimwe nzira kudzora mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Kutaura idi, kuurawa kwemhuka kunoramba kuri nzira bedzi, isina kushambadzwa nezviremera, yokurwisa kukura kwenhamba yadzo. Kunyangwe zvave zvichiratidzwa nesainzi kuti nzira iyi inongowedzera dambudziko, sezvo ichibatsira mukuvhiya kwekubereka.

“Maitiro anodzora * anogona kuvandudza zvishoma mamiriro ezvinhu aripo, asi mukuita hapana anotungamirirwa nawo,” anodaro Daria Khmelnitskaya, mutungamiriri weVirta Animal Welfare Foundation. “Nekuda kweizvozvo, ukuru hwevanhu mumatunhu hunodzorwa zvisina tsarukano uye kazhinji nemitoo ine utsinye. Uye kune nzira dzekubuda kunyangwe nemutemo uripo.

- Zvakakosha here kutora hurongwa hwekuMadokero hwefaindi uye mabasa evaridzi akatsanangurwa zvakajeka mumutemo?

"Inofanira kutorwa sechikonzero," anoenderera mberi Daria Khmelnitskaya. -Hatifanire kukanganwa kuti muEurope vanonyatso tarisisa kuraswa kwemarara echikafu, kureva kuti, inzvimbo yekudya yemhuka dzisina pekugara uye zvinomutsa kuwedzera kwevanhu.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kunzwisisa kuti hurongwa hwerudo hunogadzirwa uye hunotsigirwa munzira dzese kuMadokero. Ndicho chikonzero nei kune network yakagadziridzwa yedzimba dzepachivande dzisingangochengete mhuka chete, asiwo dzinobata nekugadzirisa kwavo uye kutsvaga varidzi vatsva. Kana kuuraya nezwi rakanaka rokuti "euthanasia" yakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo muEngland, ipapo nhamba shoma yembwa inova vanyajambwa vayo, sezvo chikamu chikuru chemhuka dzisina kubatanidzwa chinotorwa nedzimba dzepachivande uye masangano anobatsira. MuRussia, kuiswa kwe euthanasia kwaizoreva pamutemo kuponda. Hapana achadzora maitiro aya.

Zvakare, munyika zhinji dzeEurope, mhuka dzinodzivirirwa nemutemo, nekuda kwefaindi hombe uye mutoro wevaridzi. MuRussia, mamiriro acho akasiyana chaizvo. Ndicho chikonzero, kana tikatora ruzivo rwevamwe vatinoshanda navo, saka nyika dzakadai seItaly kana Bulgaria, uko mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neyedu. Semuenzaniso, muItaly, sekuziva kwevanhu vose, kune matambudziko makuru ekuunganidza marara, asi panguva imwecheteyo, chirongwa chesterilization chinoshanda zvinobudirira. Zvakare pano pane vanonyanya kushanda uye vane hunyanzvi vanorwira kodzero dzemhuka munyika. Tine zvakawanda zvekudzidza kubva kwavari.

“Chirongwa chekuita mbereko chete hachina kukwana. Sosaiti pachayo inofanira kunge yakagadzirira rudo uye kubatsira mhuka, asi Russia haina chekuzvirumbidza nacho panyaya iyi?

“Zvakasiyana,” anoenderera mberi Daria. - Huwandu hwevanhu vanoshanda vari kutora chikamu muzviito nekubatsira pekugara huri kukura. Masangano pachawo haana kugadzirira rubatsiro, ivo vari kungotanga nzira yavo uye zvishoma nezvishoma kudzidza. Asi vanhu vanongogamuchira zvakanaka chaizvo. Saka zviri kwatiri!

Nzira dzekugadzirisa matambudziko kubva ku "Four Paws"

Nzira yenguva yakareba yakarongeka inodiwa:

- Kuvepo kweruzivo rwevaridzi vemhuka, vakuru vakuru nevatengi, dzidzo yavo.

 - Veterinary public health (kubayiwa uye kurapwa kurwisa zvipembenene).

- Sterilization yemhuka dzakarasika,

-Kuzivikanwa uye kunyoreswa kwembwa dzese. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti muridzi wemhuka ndiani, sezvo ariye ane mhosva pairi.

-Kugadzirwa kwematumba senzvimbo dzekugara dzenguva pfupi dzevarwere kana vekare mhuka.

-Maitirwo e "kutora" mhuka.

- Yepamusoro nhanho yemutemo yakavakirwa pahukama hweEurope pakati pemunhu nemhuka, iyo yakagadzirirwa kuremekedza yekupedzisira sevanhu vane musoro. Kuuraya uye utsinye kuhama dzedu duku zvinofanira kurambidzwa. Hurumende inofanirwa kugadzira mamiriro emasangano ekuchengetedza mhuka nevamiriri pamatunhu enyika nematunhu.

Kusvika iye zvino, "Matanho mana" anoita chirongwa chepasi rose chekudzivirira imbwa munyika gumi: Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, our country, Lithuania, Jordan, Slovakia, Sudan, India, Sri Lanka.

Sangano iri ranga richipawo katsi dzakarasika muVienna kwegore rechipiri. Vakuru veguta, nokuda kwavo, vakagovera chokufambisa kuvarwiri vekodzero dzemhuka. Katsi dzinobatwa, dzoendeswa kuvarapi vemhuka, mushure mekuvhiyiwa dzinoburitswa kwadzinenge dzabatwa. Vanachiremba vanoshanda mahara. 300 katsi dzakapwanya gore rapfuura.

Maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, sterilization ndiyo nzira inoshanda uye ine hunhu yekugadzirisa dambudziko. Zvinotora mari shoma kuspa nekubaya mazana emhuka dzinenge dzarasika muvhiki pane zvazvinoita kudziparadza.

Nzira dzechirongwa ichi ndedzemunhu, mhuka hadzitambudzi panguva yekubatwa nekushanda. Vanokweverwa nechikafu uye vanoitwa sterilized pasi peanesthesia. Uyezve, ivo vose vakaputirwa. Mumakiriniki anotakurwa, varwere vanopedza mamwe mazuva mana vasati vadzokera kwavaigara.

Nhamba dzinotaura pachadzo. MuBucharest, chirongwa chacho chakatanga kushanda anenge makore 15 apfuura. Nhamba yembwa dzinenge dzarasika yadzikira kubva pa40 kusvika ku000.

Chokwadi chinofadza

Tairendi

Kubva 2008, imbwa isina kuvharwa inogona kutorwa kubva kumuridzi uye kuendeswa kune kennel. Pano mhuka inogona kugara kusvika pakufa kwayo. Zvisinei, chiitiko chimwe chetecho chinoshanda kune imbwa dzose dzinenge dzarasika.

Japani

Muna 1685, shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, ainzi Inukobo, akaenzanisa kukosha kwehupenyu hwemunhu nembwa yakarasika nekupa mutemo wairambidza kuurayiwa kwemhuka idzi nemarwadzo ekuurayiwa. Maererano neimwe shanduro yechiito ichi, mumongi wechiBuddha akatsanangurira Inukobo kuti mwanakomana wake mumwe chete, shogun, akafa nemhaka yokuti muupenyu hwakapfuura akakuvadza imbwa. Somugumisiro, Tsunayoshi akabudisa nhevedzano yemirau yakapa imbwa maruramiro akawanda kupfuura vanhu. Kana mhuka dzichiparadza zvirimwa muminda, varimi vaive nekodzero chete yekuvakumbira kuti vaende necaresses uye kunyengetedza, zvakarambidzwa zvachose kuridza mhere. Chiverengero chavagari vapasi chemumwe wemisha chakaurawa apo mutemo wakatyorwa. Tokugawa akavaka pokugara imbwa nokuda kwemisoro zviuru 50, uko mhuka dzaigamuchira zvokudya katatu pazuva, nekamwe nehafu mugove wavaranda. Pamugwagwa, imbwa yaifanira kubatwa neruremekedzo, mutadzi airangwa netsvimbo. Mushure mekufa kwaIukobo muna 1709, hutsva hwakadzimwa.

China

Muna 2009, seyero yekurwisa kukwira kwehuwandu hwemhuka dzisina pekugara uye kuitika kwechimbwamupengo, zviremera zveGuangzhou zvakarambidza vagari vemo kuti vave nembwa dzinopfuura imwe mufurati.

Itari

Sechikamu chekurwisa varidzi vasina hanya, avo pagore vanokanda imbwa zana nemakumi mashanu nekatsi mazana maviri mumugwagwa (data ra150), nyika yakaunza zvirango zvakakomba kune varidzi vakadaro. Iri imhosva yemhosva kwenguva yegore uye faindi ye200 euros.

*Mutemo unoti kudii?

Nhasi muRussia kune akati wandei mirau inoshevedzwa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga:

– Dzivisa hutsinye kumhuka

-dzora huwandu hwemhuka dzakarasika,

- chengetedza kodzero dzevaridzi vezvipfuyo.

1) Zvinoenderana neChisungo 245 cheCriminal Code "Hutsinye kuMhuka", kushungurudzwa kwemhuka kunorangwa nefaindi inosvika zviuru makumi masere zvemaruble, basa rekururamisa kusvika maawa 80, kururamisa basa kusvika gore, kusungwa kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu, kana kutosungwa kusvika gore rimwe chete. Kana mhirizhonga ichiitwa neboka rakarongeka, chirango chinowedzera. Chiyero chikuru ndechekuvharirwa kusvika kumakore maviri.

2) Kudzora pamusoro penhamba kunodzorwa neChirevo cheMukuru State Sanitary Chiremba weRussian Federation. Kubva 06 Nha. 05 "Kudzivirira rabies pakati pevanhu." Maererano negwaro iri, kuitira kuchengetedza huwandu hwevanhu kubva kuchirwere ichi, zviremera zvinosungirwa kubaya mhuka, kudzivirira kuumbwa kwemarara, kubvisa marara nenguva uye kubvisa midziyo. Mhuka dzisina pekugara dzinofanira kubatwa uye kuchengetwa munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa vana.

3) Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti maererano nemutemo wedu, mhuka ipfuma (Civil Code yeRussian Federation, Art. 137). Mutemo unoti kana ukaona imbwa yarasika mumugwagwa, unofanira kubata mapurisa nekanzuru kuti uwane muridzi wayo. Panguva yekutsvaga, mhuka inofanira kutarisirwa. Kana iwe uine ese mamiriro ekuchengeta pamba, unogona kuzviita iwe pachako. Kana mushure memwedzi mitanhatu muridzi asina kuwanikwa, imbwa inongoerekana yava yako kana iwe une kodzero yekuipa "municipal property". Panguva imwecheteyo, kana kamwe kamwe muridzi wekare akangoerekana adzoka zvisingatarisirwi, ane kodzero yekutora imbwa. Ehe, chero mhuka ichiri kuyeuka uye ichimuda (Chinyorwa 231 cheCivil Code).

Chinyorwa: Svetlana ZOTOVA.