Le chirwere cheshuga chirwere chisingarapike chinoitika kana muviri ukatadza kunyatsoshandisa shuga (glucose), inova "mafuta" akakosha pakushanda kwayo. Glucose, isina kubatwa zvakanaka nemasero, yobva yaungana muropa yobva yaburitswa muweti. Uku kukwirisa kweglucose muropa kunonzi hyperglycemia. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko mumaziso, itsvo, mwoyo netsinga.

Chirwere cheshuga chinogona kubva mukusakwanisa, chikamu kana kuzara, kweiyo rwatata kugadzira jekiseni, iyo hormone inokosha pakutorwa kweglucose nemasero. Inogonawo kusimuka kubva mukusakwanisa kwemasero pachawo kushandisa insulin kutora glucose. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, maseru ari kunyimwa main awo simba tsime, zvinongotevera zvinotevera zvakakosha mhedzisiro yemuviri, sekuneta kwakanyanya kana matambudziko ekuporesa semuenzaniso.

Le glucose inobva ku2 zvinyorwa: chikafu akapfuma mumakhahydrates anodyiwa uye chiropa (iyo inochengeta glucose mushure mekudya uye inoibudisa muropa sezvinodiwa). Kana ichinge yabviswa muchikafu nehurongwa hwekugaya, glucose inopinda muropa. Kuti masero emuviri ashandise iyi yakakosha sosi yesimba, inoda kupindira kweiyo jekiseni.

Mhando huru dzechirwere cheshuga

Kuti uwane tsanangudzo yakadzama yemhando dze chirwere cheshuga (zviratidzo, kudzivirira, marapirwo ekurapa, zvichingodaro), bvunza rimwe nerimwe remapepa akapihwa kwavari.

• Type 1 chirwere cheshuga. Inonziwo “diabetes insulinodépendant "(DID) kana" chirwere cheshuga juvenile Chirwere cheshuga cheRudzi 1 chinoitika kana rwatata rusingachabudisi kana kuti risabudise insulin yakakwana. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona kana muchetura kurwiswa, kana ne autoimmune reaction inoparadza masero e beta ari pancreas, ayo anokonzeresa kuumbwa kwe insulin. Rudzi urwu rwechirwere cheshuga runonyanya kubata vana nevadiki vechidiki, kunyange hazvo zviri kuitika muvakuru zvichiratidza kuti zviri kuwedzera. Inobata chikamu che10% chevanhu vane chirwere cheshuga.
• Type 2 chirwere cheshuga. Kazhinji inonzi "isina-insulin-inotsamira chirwere cheshuga" kana "chirwere cheshuga. yemukuru Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri chinoratidzwa nekuti muviri unenge usingamiri ku insulin. Dambudziko iri rinowanzoitika muvanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mana nemashanu, asi chiitiko chiri kukura zvakanyanya muvanhu vechidiki. Rudzi urwu rwechirwere cheshuga, rwakanyanya kunyanya, runobata 2% yevanorwara neshuga.
• Gestational Diabetes. Inotsanangura sechero chirwere cheshuga kana glucose kusashivirira kunoratidzwa panguva pamuviri, kazhinji panguva ye2^e kana 3^e trimester. Kazhinji, gestational chirwere cheshuga chinongova chenguva pfupi uye chinopera mushure mekusununguka.

Kune imwe mhando yechirwere cheshuga inonzi chirwere cheshuga insipidus. Icho chirwere chisingawanzoitiki chinokonzerwa nekusakwana kugadzirwa kweantidiuretic hormone nepituitary gland inonzi "vasopressin". Chirwere cheshuga insipidus chinoperekedzwa nekuwedzera kwekubuda kweweti, nepo mazinga eshuga eropa anoramba akajairika. Saka, hazvina chekuita neiyo shuga yeshuga. Inonzi "chirwere cheshuga" insipidus nokuti, sechirwere cheshuga mellitus, weti inoyerera yakawanda. Zvisinei, weti haina kunaka pane kutapira. (Izwi rinobva kunzira dzekare dzekuongorora: kuravira weti!)

Diabetics, yakawedzera kuwanda

Kunyange zvazvo nhaka inobata basa mukutanga kwayo, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe chirwere cheshuga tochikafu uye nzira yehupenyu izvo zvinowanzoitika kuMadokero: kuwanda kwemashuga akacheneswa, mafuta akazara uye nyama, kushaya fiber yezvokudya, uremu hwakawandisa, kushaya basa rekuita muviri. Kuwanda kweunhu uhwu hunowedzera muhuwandu hwevanhu, ndiko kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwechirwere cheshuga.

MaereranoPublic Health Agency yeKanada, mumushumo wakabudiswa muna 2008-09, 2,4 mamiriyoni eCanada akaonekwa kuti ane chirwere cheshuga (6,8%), kusanganisira mamiriyoni 1,2 pakati pemakore e25 ne64.

Maitiro acho anoita kunge ane chokwadi kana uchidzidza kuitika kwechirwere munyika dzichiri kusimukira: sezvo zvikamu zvakakura zvehuwandu zvinotora chikafu uye mumwe nzira yehupenyu zvakafanana neyedu, chiitiko chechirwere cheshuga, zvose zverudzi rwekutanga uye rudzi rwechipiri, zviri kuwedzera¹.

Zvinetso zvinogoneka zvechirwere cheshuga

Nekufamba kwenguva, vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vasingakwanise kudzora chirwere chavo vari panjodzi yekusangana nematambudziko akasiyana, kunyanya nekuda hyperglycemia kwenguva refu inokonzera kukanganisa kwenyama muropa capillaries uye tsinga, pamwe nekuderera kwetsinga. Matambudziko aya haakonzerese vane chirwere cheshuga, uye kana vadaro, zvinobva zvasiyana. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ona peji redu reComplications of Diabetes.

Pamusoro peizvi zvisingaperi zvinetso, chirwere cheshuga chisingatarisirwi zvakanaka (somuenzaniso nekuda kwekukanganwa, kuverengera kusiri iko kwe insulin doses, kungoerekana kuchinja kwe insulin zvinodiwa nekuda kwehurwere kana kushushikana, nezvimwewo) zvinogona kutungamira matambudziko emvura zvinotevera:

Chirwere cheshuga ketoacidosis

Ichi chimiro chinogona kuva kanyanyisa. Muvanhu vane chirwere cheshuga mhando 1 isina kurapwa kana kugamuchira kurapwa kusina kukwana (semuenzaniso kushaya insulini), glucose inoramba iri muropa uye haichawanikwi kuti ishandiswe sechitubu chesimba. (Izvi zvinogonawo kuitika muvanhu vane chirwere cheshuga chorudzi rwechipiri vanorapwa ne insulin.) Naizvozvo muviri unofanira kutsiva glucose neimwe mafuta: fatty acids. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwemafuta acids kunogadzira miviri yeketone iyo, iyo inowedzera, inowedzera acidity yemuviri.

Zviratidzo : kufema kwechibereko, kupera mvura mumuviri, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa uye kurwadziwa nemudumbu. Kana pasina anopindira, kufema kwakaoma, kuvhiringidzika, coma, uye rufu zvinogona kuitika.

Nzira yekuziva sei: shuga yakakwira yeropa, kazhinji inotenderedza 20 mmol / l (360 mg / dl) uye dzimwe nguva zvimwe.

Zvekuita: kana ketoacidosis ikaonekwa, enda ku basa rekukurumidzira chipatara uye taura nachiremba wako mushure mekugadzirisa mushonga.

Hyperosmolar state

apo Tora 2 chirwere cheshuga isina kurapwa, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome inogona kuitika. Ichi ichokwadi kurapwa ndiani kanyanyisa mune zvinopfuura 50% zvezviitiko. Ichi chiitiko chinokonzerwa nekuunganidzwa kweglucose muropa, inodarika 33 mmol / l (600 mg / dl).

Zviratidzo : kuwedzera weti, nyota yakasimba uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvekushaya mvura mumuviri (kurasikirwa nekurema, kurasikirwa kweganda elasticity, yakaoma mucous membranes, kuwedzera kwemoyo uye kuderera kweropa).

Nzira yekuziva sei: mwero weglucose weropa unodarika 33 mmol / l (600 mg / dl).

Zvekuita: kana hyperosmolar state ikaonekwa, enda ku basa rekukurumidzira chipatara uye taura nachiremba wako mushure mekugadzirisa mushonga.