Mukati
Kufanana nevamiriri vese veHumambo hwemhuka dzesango, howa haudzivirirwe kubva mukukuvadzwa nezvirwere uye zvipembenene. Pakati pezvirwere zvinowanzoitika zvefungal zvinokanganisa mycelium panguva yekurima, mavara akasiyana-siyana uye kuora zvinogona kunzi. Zvipembenene zvine ngozi zvefungi inhunzi, zvikwekwe, umhutu, nematodes nemhando dzakasiyana dzemakonzo.
Kurima howa chinhu chinonakidza uye chinodzorwa zvakanaka. Kukohwa kwakawanda kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda. Dzimwe nguva mugadziri anotadza kuwana goho rakakura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa neabiotic uye biotic zvinhu. Yekutanga inosanganisira senge hunyoro hwehukama, tembiricha, mwero wehunyoro mucompost nevhu. Biotic zvinhu zvinosanganisira zvirwere uye zvipembenene zvefungi. Zvirwere zvinogona kuoneka pane chero nhanho yekukura kwefungi muchiitiko chezvikonzero zvisina kunaka. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekuumbwa kwe mycelium, manyowa ane zviratidzo zvisina kunaka anogona kukonzera chirwere. Biotic zvinhu zvinogona kuva dambudziko guru pakukura howa, sezvo zvirwere zvavanokonzera zvakafanana nezviratidzo zvavo. Mushure mezvose, kurapa chirwere, zvakakosha kubvisa chikonzero chayo, izvo zvakaoma kuziva nekuda kwekufanana kwezviratidzo.
Iwe unogona kuwana mazita uye tsanangudzo dzezvirwere zvefungal, uyewo nzira dzekutarisana nadzo munyaya ino.
Zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvefungi
Zviratidzo zvinowanzozivikanwa zvezvirwere zvefungal ndeyeparasitic fungi uye vanopikisa, mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya uye zvipembenene (nematodes, mites, nhunzi). Kuti ugadzirise chirwere, iwe uchada michina yakapfava muchimiro chebinocular, girazi rinokudza, nezvimwewo. Kana iwe usina chokwadi nekuongorora kwako, iwe uchada kutumira samples ku laboratori kuti iongororwe.
Parasitic fungi, pasi pemamiriro akanaka, inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya howa dzakakura. Parasitic fungi inosiyaniswa nemhando dzinoverengeka. Chinonyanya kukosha kwavari ndeye spore-bearing structure. Mazhinji eiyi fungi haaiti mycelium, asi iyo inobereka michero. Kana maparasite achikurumidza kuoneka, howa hunowedzera kukuvadza. Vanogona kungodzvinyirira kukura kwavo kana kuvaparadza zvachose.
Mhedzisiro yeanopikisa fungi pane yakarimwa fungi haina kunzwisiswa. Kazhinji vanoonekwa nekuda kwekompositi isina kugadzirirwa. Mamwe marudzi ehowa akadaro anokura uye anokura pamwe chete nemycelium yehowa hunorimwa, achibvisa kudya kwahwo. Vamwe vanopikisa vanoonekwa mushure mekugadzirwa kwe mycelium uye vane kuora mwoyo kwezvikamu zvose zve mycelium, kunonoka kukura kwayo nekukura. Chero zvazvingava, vanoderedza goho. Antagonist fungi inogona kuonekwa mucompost kana pamusoro pevhu ne mycelium kana spores. Ivo zvakare vanowanzo kunzi plaster mold, lipstick mold, olive mold.
Midziyo inoshandiswa pakushanda nehowa haigone kushandiswa kune mamwe marudzi ebasa. Kana zvisina kudaro, spores inogona kutamiswa kubva muvhu kuenda kune substrate.
Howa hwemasora hunokwanisawo kukura pamwe chete nehwakarimwa. Semuenzaniso, inki fungus inowanzowanikwa muhowa. Inokura apo iyo substrate izere nemvura uye yemahara ammonia iripo mairi.
Inki howa inogona kuunganidzwa zuva rega rega uye kuparadzwa kuitira kuti isasvibisa masaga. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanomira kuoneka. Asi goho rehowa hunorimwa riri kudzikira sezvo howa hweinki hwashandisa kumwe kudya kwahwo.
The grey ndove bete imakwikwi oyster howa. Inodya chikafu chavo, nokudaro ichideredza goho. Inofanira kubviswa mumunda uye kuparadzwa. Kuti udzivise kuitika kwayo, haugone kudyisa zvirimwa pedyo nemibhedha nehowa oyster.
Utachiona hunoita mabasa maviri mukurimwa kwehowa. Mamwe marudzi ebhakitiriya anongodiwa kuti ibudirire kubudirira kwe mycelium, ye substrate; vamwe, pane kudaro, vanokonzera zvirwere zvakakomba. Chimwe chezvirwere zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa uye zvakakomba zvefungi inorimwa inokonzerwa nebacillus. Utachiona huri mu mycelium uye haukanganisi kukura kwayo. Asi ivo vanodzoreredza kukura kwemiviri yemichero, zvichikonzera kuremara kwavo.
Zvirwere mukurima howa
Brown plaster zvinokonzerwa nebrown mold fungus. Kazhinji inobata champignons. Inoitika muhupo hweammonia yemahara mune mbishi kana isina kuibva substrate. Uyewo, zvikonzero zvekuonekwa kwayo zvinogona kuwedzera hunyoro hwemhepo uye substrate uye kusakwana kwemhepo. Iyo causative agent inodya kune imwechete chikafu sehowa, ndosaka ichinziwo shamwari fungus. Mavara machena emhando dzakasiyana-siyana anoonekwa pamucheka wekupfekedza zvinhu kana pamusoro peiyo substrate. Kana iyo mycelium ichikwizwa neminwe, ipapo hunhu hunotapira hunonzwika. Pashure penguva yakati, mavara anotanga kusviba kubva pakati. Saka gakava rinotanga. Spores ibrown-kofi muruvara. Mavara machena anopera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye spores inova isingaoneki.
Kuti udzivise chirwere ichi, zvakakosha kuti unyatso compost uye pasteurize substrate. Imba yacho inofanirwa kugara ichifefeterwa, uye iyo substrate inofanirwa kuve yakasvibiswa negypsum.
truffle chirwere inocherechedzwa kakawanda muchampignon ine mhete mbiri uye inokonzerwa neDiehliomyces microsporias (Diehl neGwayana.) Gil. Iyo truffle yenhema inogara muvhu. Inopinda mu substrate panguva yekugadzira manyowa pasi. Inotanga kukura nekukurumidza pakupisa kwakanyanya kwe substrate. Iyo mycelium yetruffle yenhema haioneki pakutanga. Inodzivisa mushroom mycelium, iyo fruiting iyo inoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Zvishoma nezvishoma, iyo mycelium yefungus inorimwa inofa zvachose uye iyo substrate inova viscous, zvinotokwanisika kuona gobvu filaments ye mycelium - rhizomorphs. Mushure mechinguva, miviri midiki yefungal inoumbwa pavari, yakafanana nehuropi hwemhuru. Iyi ndiyo miviri inobereka fungus. Vakachena yero. Vanobva vasviba uye vonyangarika, sezvavanoputika kuita spores inotapukira substrate nyowani. Spores inoshanda chaizvo. Vanogona kumira kurapwa kwekupisa kwe substrate.
Kuti udzivise rudzi urwu rwechirwere chefungal, usaite manyowa pavhu revhu. Mumirwi, kutonhora kunofanira kunge kwakakwirira sezvinobvira. Kompositi nzvimbo dzinofanira kusanganiswa. Mushure mekucheka, makora anofanira kusaswa ne 1% mhinduro yemhangura sulphate. Chifukidzo chekuvhara chinofanira kurapwa nekushisa. Substrate yakasvibiswa inofanirwa kugara yakasungirirwa isati yaraswa mudurunhuru. Izvi zvichabatsira kudzivirira kutamiswa kwespores kubva kwairi kuenda kune zvinhu zvakapoteredza.
Utachiona hwehutachiona inoratidzika semavara matema pane mycelium. Chikonzero chechirwere ichi mabhakitiriya anokura mune substrate ine mvura. Vanogonawo kuoneka kana iyo substrate yave isina kukwana kana kuti isiriyo yekupisa kurapwa, kana kana iyo tembiricha hurumende isingaonekwe panguva yekuiswa kweiyo substrate. Kuti udzivise chirwere ichi chefungal mycelium, mitemo yese yakagadzwa inofanira kunyatsocherechedzwa pamatanho ese ebasa uye iyo inodiwa microclimate inofanira kuchengetedzwa.
Iyo substrate zvakare dzimwe nguva inobatwa ne trichoderma. Mhedzisiro yechirwere zvitsuwa zvegirini mold pairi, izvo zvinoderedza goho. Infected substrate inofanira kuparadzwa pakarepo. Kuti udzivise chirwere ichi, zvakakosha kuisa substrate kuhutano hwakakwana hwekupisa. Inoonekwa zvakare kuti iyo yakasarudzika substrate haina kuratidzwa kune hutachiona nechirwere ichi.
Dzimwe nguva howa hunokura nengowani padzinde nhete refu. Kuti ugadzirise mhedzisiro iyi, zvinodikanwa kuwedzera ventilate mukamuri. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa feni yakajairwa kana kugadzira mhepo yekufuridza nemapundu kubva mubhegi repurasitiki.
Kuti udzivise kutapukirwa nebhakitiriya, zvakakosha kupfira makamuri ose 2-2% bleach solution 4 kanomwe pagore. Mushure mezvo vanofanira kuvharwa kwemazuva maviri. Wobva wapinza mweya zvakanaka kwemazuva maviri. Kaviri pagore, madziro ese anofanira kucheneswa ne 2% bleach solution. Zvose zvakasara zve substrate zvinofanira kubviswa zvakanyatsonaka.
kuita ngura inoratidzika seyakanyatsotsanangurwa ngura mavara. Vanosviba nekufamba kwenguva. Utachiona hwechirwere ichi chefungal hunoonekwa pahunyoro hwepamusoro. Chirwere ichi chinogona kukurumidza kuvhara munda wose panguva imwe chete. Kudzivirira kurwara, chero mushonga wekuuraya utachiona une chlorine unofanirwa kuwedzerwa kumvura yekudiridza.
Chero fungus inorimwa ine mavhairasi kana hutachiona-senge particles. Dzinouya muhukuru hwakasiyana uye maumbirwo. Parizvino, iyo chaiyo mhedzisiro yemavhairasi pakukura kweakarimwa fungi haizivikanwe. Chinhu chimwe chete chinogona kutaurwa chokwadi ndechekuti mavhairasi ese uye zvimedu zvawo zvinotungamira mukudzikira kana kurasikirwa kwegoho, kune akasiyana anomalies mukukura kwemitumbi inobereka inokonzera shanduko yechimiro chefungus (kutanga kuvhurwa kweiyo fungus). chivharo, makumbo akareba).
Kuora kuchena - chimwe chezvirwere zvinowanzoitika zvehowa dzakarimwa. Inogona kuparadza munda wose. Iyo causative agent yechirwere ichi fungal iri muvhu rekuvhara. Inofanira kuiswa disinfected kudzivirira zvirwere. Howa hunobatwa hunofanira kubviswa uye kupiswa. Mitsetse inoda kudiridzwa nemushonga unouraya utachiona hwechlorine.
Kuora kuoma zvakare kazhinji inotapurira fungi dzakarimwa. Utachiona hwayo huri muvharo yevhu. Inobata howa dzakarimwa - mavara ebrown anoonekwa paari. Makumbo ehowa akabatwa anove akakora, muhowa wekare anototsemuka. Fungi dzakadaro dzinofanira kubviswa pakarepo uye kuparadzwa. Kudzivirira chirwere ichi, zvakakosha kuisa disinfected ivhu rakavhara.
Zviratidzo zvikuru zvezvirwere zvefungal zvinoratidzwa mumifananidzo iyi:
Zvipembenene zvehowa hunorimwa
Zvipembenene zvehowa hunorimwa inhunzi, mhute, mosquito, nematodes, makonzo.
howa nhunzi kazhinji inokanganisa fungi inorimwa uye kukuvadza mycelium nemitumbi inobereka michero, iyo, zvakare, inotarisana nehutachiona hwehutachiona. Nhunzi dzinouya dzoga, dzinokwezvwa nekunhuwa kwehowa. Vanogonawo kuunzwa pamwe chete ne substrate. Nhunzi zhinji dzinotapura fungi mumamiriro ekunze anodziya, kana tembiricha yemhepo iri pamusoro pe17 ° C.
Howa nhunzi dzinokura zvakanyanya panguva yekukura uye kukura kweiyo mycelium. Panguva ino, substrate iri muimba. Inowanzochengetwa kwemavhiki mashanu-5, uye makonye anokura kuva nhunzi dzakura dzinobhururuka mukati memazuva 6-24 pane tembiricha yemhepo ye38-20 °C. Iyi nguva inonyanya kukoshesa kukura kwezvipembenene nezviratidzo zvayo zvakanaka, zvakadai sekushisa uye humidity.
Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekuonekwa kwemakonye ezvipembenene zvefungal makwapa akasviba padyo nekuputika kwefungal block.
Ngozi inowedzera kana zvinhu zvemazera akasiyana zvakachengetwa mukamuri (nhunzi uye umhutu huri mubhuroko rekare hunokanganisa hutsva). Zvipembenene zvinopinda nemumakomba mu polyethylene uye zvinokandira mazai avo. Zvipembenene zvinobuda kubva kwavari zvinokuvadza mycelium, iyo inotapukirwa nefungus moldy uye mabhakitiriya.
Matanho makuru ekurwisa howa nhunzi inodzivirira. Dzinofanirwa kuitwa usati wadyara mycelium mu substrate. Zvose zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona zvinofanira kubviswa musati maisa substrate uye panguva yekuwedzera kutarisira howa. Imba yacho inofanira kunyatsocheneswa uye kubviswa utachiona. Kana mhepo panguva imwechete ine huwandu hwakawanda hwehuputi uye magasi anokuvadza, zvino zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa gasi mask paunenge uchishanda.
Kana kugadzirwa kwehowa kwakakura, saka kugadzirira kwakakosha kunogona kushandiswa kurwisa zvipembenene zvevanhu vakuru. Usati watanga basa, kamuri rose rinofanira kupiswa nemapeya eMonofos kana Pogos gadziriro (1000 g pa800 m). Mushure meizvi, imba yacho inofanira kuvharwa kwemaawa akawanda. Wobva wapinza mweya zvakanaka wodzokorora kuvhiya mushure memazuva mashoma. Mishonga iyi ine chepfu yakasimba, saka unoda kushanda navo zvakanyatsonaka. Matepi akareruka, matepi anonamira, mavacuum cleaners anoshandiswawo kurwisa nhunzi. Vanodzoserwawo nekumwe kunhuwa, senge vanila.
Nechinangwa chimwe chete, zviri nani kugadzirira makamuri ekuzarisa uye kurima zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe.
Zvakare, nhunzi dzakajairika dzinokwanisa kuisa mhute pa substrate.
Slugs inogonawo kuoneka pane substrate. Vanoshatisa michero yemichero yehowa. Kurwisa slugs, potassium munyu kana superphosphate inoshandiswa, iyo inosaswa pavhu 3-4 nguva pagore.
howa mosquito chimwe chezvipembenene zvine ngozi kune champignons uye oyster howa. Ichi chipembenene chidiki chakareba 3 mm chete. Umhutu unobhururuka nekukurumidza uye zvakanaka, uchifamba chaizvo mukamuri umo inonhuwa zvinonaka zvecompost uye mycelium. Hadzi yega yega inokwanisa kukandira mazai anosvika mazana maviri. Mushure memazuva mashomanana, mapere anooneka kubva kwavari, akafanana nehonye chena ane musoro wakasviba. Iyo yakareba 200-4 mm uye inogona kuonekwa nyore nyore nemaziso. Vanorarama mazuva 6-12. Panguva iyi, magonye anokwanisa kuparadza chirimwa chose. Vanodya zvose howa uye mycelium. Unhu hwezvigadzirwa huri kudererawo. Mukuwedzera, umhutu unotakura zvikwekwe, spores of pathogenic microorganisms, nematodes.
Mapere zvishoma nezvishoma anoshanduka kuita pupae, zvino mushure memazuva 4-7 - kuva vanhu vakuru.
Zvipembenene izvi zvinokura nekukurumidza uye zvine fecundity yakakwirira. Vanenge vongobva vazadza mycelium yese. Nokudaro, zvakaoma zvikuru kubata navo. Zvakakosha kudzivirira utachiona, kureva, kudzivirira kutanga kukandira mazai ezvipembenene mu substrate. Sei zvakakosha kuisa fine-mesh mambure pane mazaru emhepo. Mukamuri yacho pachayo, zvinodikanwa kugadzira kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya. Zvose zvinoputika zvinofanira kuvharwa uye magonhi akaiswa chisimbiso; unogona zvakare kuturika zvisungo zveglue, shandisa akajairwa matepi anonamira kurwisa nhunzi. Zvakare, nekuda kweichi chinangwa, vamwe varimi vanoshandisa misungo yakareruka, uye kungwarira kwakakosha kunodiwa.
Kana zvose zviri pamusoro zvisingashande, saka zvakakosha kushandisa mishonga yekudzivirira nzira.
Iwo anowanzo shandiswa kuuraya makamuri pakati pemagadzirirwo ekugadzira kana kubata nzvimbo ye substrate uye yekuvhara zvinhu kana mycelium ichangotanga kukura. Asi izvi zvinofanira kuitwa pasati papera mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu kukohwa kusati kwatanga.
Kana mazwi uye madhasi ezvipembenene akatyorwa, zvino izvi zvinogona kukonzera kutaridzika kwemitumbi yakashata inobereka michero, kunonoka kukura kwefungi, uye kutungamirira kuunganidzwa kwehuwandu hwasara hwemishonga yezvipembenene muhowa. Nokudaro, mutemo unonyanya kukosha wevanotora howa hausi muchiitiko chekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene panguva yekugadzirwa kwemichero.
Usati watanga basa, zvese zvishandiso neshangu zvinofanirwa kuvharirwa utachiona ne50% formalin solution. Zvadaro inofanira kushambidzwa nemvura.
Mvura yekushanda inoda kushandiswa zvakanyanya mune zvehupfumi: kwete kupfuura 0,2 l / m yecompost, uye yekuvhara zvinhu zvishoma - 1 l / m. Imwe yeakanakisa anti-fungal mosquito ndeye microbiological gadziriro yakavakirwa paBacillus Thuringiensis. Asi dhigirii yavo yekushanda ishoma - inenge 25-30 g / m, zvisinei, mishonga iyi yakachengeteka zvakatipoteredza.
Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa mishonga yevanhu kurwisa mushroom mosquito. Mibhedha inofanira kuvharwa nematoto pamusoro, yakasaswa nemafuta edhiri.
Kuchengetedza kurongeka uye kuchena mukati uye kumativi ekamuri yehowa kunofanira kutaurwa sematanho ekudzivirira. Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kugara uchibvisa worm fruiting miviri kubva ku mycelium.
Tafura "Mishonga inotenderwa kurwisa mosquito fungal patsika dzehowa":
| zita | The company | Norm, ml / m2 | Max. nguva | chinangwa | |||
| Карбо phos | zvemumba | 0,5 | 1 | For nzvimbo | |||
| Anomet- R | zvemumba | 0,5 | 2 | Surface substrate | |||
| Actellik | Ai-Ci-Ai, England | 0,5 | 2 | Surface substrate | |||
| Cimbush | Ai-Ci-Ai, England | 0,5 | 2 | Surface substrate | |||
| Kusvika | FMS, USA | 0,5 | 2 | Surface substrate | |||
| Nurell | Dow Elanco, USA | 0,6 | 2 | Surface substrate | |||
| Ripcord | goko, England | 0,3 | 2 | Surface substrate | |||
| Rovinil | Hangari | 1,2 | 2 | Surface substrate | |||
| Dimilin | Dufar, Gollan dia | 1 «3 | 2 | Surface substrate | |||
pliers tumbuyu zvakare kuhowa kana hwakarimwa pasadza. Muhukuru, mite idiki pane umhutu - inenge 1 mm. Muviri wavo une oval, flat, yellow, white kana pink. Vakuru vane mapeya mana emakumbo, ukuwo makonye ane mapeya matatu. Hadzi inokandira mazai anosvika mazana mana. Zvikwekwe zvinokwanisa kufamba nekukasira uye kukambaira pasi pembatya, zvichikonzera kukwenya kusingafadzi. Chengeta mhute inokuvadza mycelium, vakuru vanoita mafambiro mumitumbi inobereka michero.
Zvikwekwe zvinopinda mumycelium pamwe chete nesadza. Ivo vanokura nekukurumidza mu underpasteurized kana zvisina kuviriswa substrate. Kuti uzvibvise, iwe unongoda kutsiva mashanga.
Imwe mhando yezvipembenene inopinda musubstrate pamwe chete nemupfudze. Hadzi inokandira mazai anenge makumi mana mu substrate kana pasi pekuvhara. Chikwekwe chinokura kwemazuva akati wandei kusvika kumwedzi. Muhowa inobatwa nemite, hwaro hwehunde hunoshanduka hushava, ngowani inova pink.
Kuti udzivise hutachiona hwe substrate ine mite, inofanirwa kuchengetwa patembiricha ye59 ° C kwemaawa angangoita gumi nemaviri. Ivhu rekuvhara rinofanira kuvharwa kwemaawa masere pakupisa kwe12 ° C. Pakati pemibhedha yehowa, pfapfaidza nekugadzirira kwakakodzera.
Nematode ndihwowo humwe twupukanana hwehowa hunorimwa. Idzo makonye madiki akareba 0,5 mm. Muromo wavo wakafanana nebanga. Pairi vanobaya shinda dzemycelium. Haukwanise kuvaona neziso rakashama. Vanogona kunge vachiwanikwa mune champignon substrate. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ematode: mamwe anosveta zvose zvinovaka muviri kubva mumasero emycelial, kuderedza goho rehowa; zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvebasa ravo rakakosha alkalize iyo substrate, nekudaro ichikanganisa kunaka kwayo. Chinonyanya kutyisa idzo nematodes dzinodya mycelium.
Nzvimbo yakabatwa nematodes inogona kuzivikanwa zviri nyore. Iyo substrate munzvimbo yakadaro inova yakasviba, yakanyorova; nekuwedzera, inowana kunhuhwirira kwakananga. Mycelium haina kumbokura munzvimbo iyi. Nzvimbo dzisina chinhu dzakadaro ndiyo chiratidzo chekutanga chekubatwa nematode. Kana pane zvakawanda zvavo, zvino vanokurumidza kuenda kune imwe nhanho. Panguva ino, makoramu eruvara ruchena anoumbwa pachivharo. Vanogona kusvika 0,5 cm kureba uye vanomiririra makumi nemazana ezviuru zvevanhu. Swarming nematodes zviri nyore chaizvo kutora kubva substrate uye kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo. Uyezve, izvi zvinoitwa nevashandi vebasa uye zvipembenene.
Kuti udzivise izvi, zvakakosha zvikuru kuchengeta mitemo yose inodiwa yehutsanana panguva yekukohwa. Mushure mekupedzwa kwekuunganidza uye kusati kwaturunura substrate, imba yacho inofanira kunge yakabikwa.
Mamiriro akanaka ekugadzirwa kwenematodes akasiyana anogadzirwa panguva yekuviriswa kwecompost murwi. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nematode mhando dzinoshingirira kune dzakawanda mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, kunyangwe kune yakanyanya kuwanda kwehydrogen sulfide uye ammonia. Vanotya chete kupisa kwepamusoro. Nokudaro, iyo substrate yezvinangwa zvekudzivirira inofanira kunge yakanyatsovhiringidzwa uye pasteurized.
Woodlice, maspringtails anokuvadzawo fungus dzakarimwa. Vanorwisa mycelium. Iyi invertebrates inogara muvhu uye inopinda musubstrate kana yasangana nevhu. Nokudaro, hazvibviri kugadzirira substrate pasi kana kuronga mabhedha pasi pevhu.
nhunzi yendove chimwe chezvipembenene zvehowa hunorimwa. Hadzi yake inokandira mazai makumi matatu mundove. Makonye anobuda pavari anopedzisira ave pamunda pamwe chete nemupfudze. Kazhinji akareba mamirimita mashoma, ane misoro mitema. Mbeu dzinotyisa zvikuru, dzinodya miviri inobereka michero, inochera ndima mairi. Nekukurumidza, vanhu vakuru vanozvarwa kubva kumapere, izvo zvinoparadzira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvefungi, pamwe chete nemakiti uye nematodes. Mamwe marudzi enhunzi anokuvadzawo fungi. Ichi chipembenene chinowanzobatwa nerubatsiro rwemakemikari akakodzera.
Kudzivirira kwezvirwere zvefungal
Zvose zvipenyu zvinorwara pane imwe nguva, hapana kunze. Zvinozivikanwa kuti chero chirwere chiri nyore kudzivirira pane kurapa. Uye howa hazvina kudaro. Howa dzose dzinotambura nemavhairasi, parasitic fungi, zvipembenene zvinokuvadza.
Iyo yekupedzisira inowanzova vatakuri vezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvose zvakabatanidzwa mu mycelium, saka zviri nani kudzivirira chirwere pane kuchirapa; kunyanya sezvo mune dzimwe nguva hazvigoneki.
Kudzora zvipembenene mukurima kwakanyanya kwehowa kwakaoma, sezvo mazhinji ezvipembenene zvese zviri mukati me substrate uye hazvionekwe.
Mutemo mukuru unokubvumira kudzivirira zvirwere zvakawanda ndeyekuchengetwa kwehutsanana kuchengetedzwa kwehutano mu mycelium. Maparasite haambopi kushivirira uye haaregereri zvikanganiso mu pasteurization, composting matekiniki, kutyorwa nevashandi vehutsanana mitemo uye microclimate kugadzirisa mamiriro. Mapurazi mazhinji anosuma hurongwa hwese hwefaindi yekutyorwa kwemitemo yehutsanana. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kuti zvinoshanda chaizvo.
Zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika uye zvitubu zvezvirwere uye zvipembenene mhepo isina kusefa, compost isina kucheneswa, musanganiswa wevhu wakashata, hutachiona hwekudyara mycelium, kusavimbika sterilization yezvishandiso, kutyorwa kwemitemo yehutsanana mu mycelium.
Chero chirwere chakagara mu mycelium chinokurumidza kupararira nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvirwere zvehutachiona zvinopinda kuburikidza ne spores yefungi, nerubatsiro rwezvipembenene uye mite. Zvirwere zvefungal zvinotamiswa kubva mumaoko evashandi panguva yekukohwa, kubva kune zvipembenene. Utachiona hunounzwa mu mycelium nemadonhwe emvura panguva yekudiridza, nezvipembenene zvevanhu vakuru. Zvose zvipembenene zvinokambaira uye zvinopararira, zvichivanza mumakoronga ose maduku muhuni. Kuvabudisa imomo zvinenge zvisingaiti.
Jacques Delmas, nyanzvi yeFrance, akagadzira mirairo gumi, kuchengetwa kwayo kunokubvumira kuti udzivise anenge matambudziko ese nematambudziko ane chekuita nekukwikwidza kana tupukanana zvipenyu pafungi. Iyi ndiyo mirayiro.
Izvo zvakakosha kuuraya hutachiona zvese zvine chekuita nehowa - aya makamuri, maturusi, midziyo, mabhokisi, mabhasikiti ehowa, nezvimwe.
Kurima howa, makamuri ari oga anofanira kusarudzwa kuitira kuti zvipenyu zvekunze zvisakwanise kupinda mazviri. Nzira dzese dzekupinda dzezvirwere netupukanana dzinofanirwa kuvharwa.
Ivhu rekuvhara howa rinofanirwa kuvharirwa kana kutorwa rakaitwa sterilized. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze microorganisms dzinogona kugara mairi. Sterilized musanganiswa wakabatwa neutsi kana formalin. Ivhu risingabereki rinocherwa kubva pasi pevhu.
Tsvina yose inofanira kubviswa pakarepo.
Kunobva kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvipenyu, semarara ecompost, mupfudze, howa hwakakohwewa, nemarara ekugadzira, hazvifanirwe kusiiwa pedyo nemycelium. Izvo zvinodiwawo kuchenjerera kusvibiswa kwemakemikari. Inogona kuzviratidza muchimiro chehutsi hunokachidza uye mhute inoparadzirwa kuburikidza neventilation system.
Imba iyo chirwere chakaitika inofanira kubva pakarepo yakasununguka kubva kune vamwe uye kunyatsogadziriswa disinfected.
Izvo zvinodiwa kuti uteedzere tekinoroji yecompost zvakanyatsonaka. Kompositi inofanira kuitwa chete pauriri hwekongiri. Yeuka kuti pasi pano kazhinji kune ma microorganisms akawanda akasiyana, utachiona.
Kompositi inofanira kugadzirirwa chete pane dzimwe tembiricha, humidity yemhepo uye aeration. Chete munyaya iyi, iyo substrate ichave yakasarudzwa kune fungus, kureva, ichave yakakodzera kune fungi, uye kwete yekukwikwidzana microorganisms.
Pamatanho ese ekukura kwefungus, munhu anofanirwa kugara achishingairira kutarisa mamiriro akanakisa eiyo microclimate.
Basa rose mu mycelium rinofanira kuitwa nenzira kubva kune iyo nzvimbo iyo howa huchangotanga kukura, kune iyo yavanokohwewa, kureva, kubva pazvirimwa zvidiki kusvika kune zvekare. Iwe haugone kufamba uchienda kune rimwe divi.
Kutevedzera mirairo iyi nguva dzose kunotanga nekuuraya hutachiona hwenzvimbo. Inofanira kuitwa kunyange mu myceliums itsva, isati yaisa manyowa. Kana iyi iri bhomba rekugara, mugodhi unoshanda kana imwe kamuri ine madziro ematombo, ipapo nzvimbo yavo uye sirin'i inofanirawo kunyatsogezwa. Kana pasi iri ivhu, ipapo chikamu chepamusoro chinofanira kubviswa. Sirin'i yematombo uye madziro zvinoda kucheneswa. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinotarisirwa kuwedzera 30% mhinduro yemhangura sulphate kune lime. Kuchena kunodiwa nguva dzose. Iyi ichava kiyi yekuchenesa, inenge isina mhepo. Mune mamwe makamuri, madziro uye sirin'i zvinofanirwa kurapwa nemakemikari anodzivirira. Vachakurukurwa pasi apa.
Nokuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwe microbiological ye substrate kubva kune mabhakitiriya akasiyana-siyana uye mavhairasi, zvakakosha kuparadzira mabhakitiriya ethermophilic mairi.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mu mycelium ndiko kusagadziriswa kwezvivakwa pakupera kwekurima uye kusarerekera kweiyo substrate yakashandiswa. Zvimwe zvese zvichashanda chete kana mamiriro maviri ekutanga akazadzikiswa. Ese utachiona uye zvipembenene zvinoberekana mukati menguva yakati. Vanoda iyo kuti ibudirire, uye chete ipapo ivo vanozotanga kuvharidzira mycelium yefungus yakarimwa. Zviri pachena kuti nokukurumidza ivo vari mu mycelium, kunyanya kukuvadza kwavachaita. Mukubatana uku, iyo substrate yakashandiswa inoita basa rekuita, sezvo iri mairi umo spores, maruva ehutachiona uye zvipembenene zvinochengetwa. Kana iyo yekare substrate yakabviswa pane yakatambanudzwa kana bhara, ipapo masara ayo, kunyange madiki madiki, anogona kudonha netsaona munzira. Kana iyo substrate yakashandiswa yakaunganidzwa pedyo ne mycelium kana kutorwa kunze kwekutakura kumwechete kunoshandiswa kune substrate itsva, saka mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hapazovi nekukohwa kwakanaka.
Iyo substrate yakashandiswa inogona kubviswa nenzira mbiri. Panguva yekutanga, inobviswa uye inoiswa disinfected. Asi zviri nani kuitora kure sezvinobvira kana kuitengesa kune varidzi vegreenhouses. Zvisinei, izvi zvisati zvaitika, substrate inofanira kunyoroveswa nemvura kana 4% formalin solution, 1% solution yemhangura sulfate kana chlorinated phenol. Wet substrate yakachengeteka pane yakaoma substrate. Munzira yechipiri, iyo substrate inofanirwa kuuraya utachiona panzvimbo kana kurapwa nemafuta. Chero zvazvingava, kamuri yacho inofanira kurapwa nekushisa. Pane nzira mbiri dzekuuraya utachiona: nekupisa uye nemakemikari. Paunenge uchipisa, imba yacho inorapwa kwemaawa gumi nemaviri patembiricha ye12-70 ° C. Mukona iri kure kure nemhepo inoputika, thermometer yemagetsi inofanira kuiswa pasi pe compost uye kutarisa kuverenga kwayo. Ipa hupfu hwemvura kukamuri. Kana tembiricha yakwira kusvika 100 °C, tanga nguva. Iyo inonhonga howa inofanirwa kunge yakavharirwa ne thermally insulated, uye thermal insulation layer pachayo inofanirwa kuwanikwa kuitira kuti steam isadonhe pairi. Kana masvingo emukati asina kuvhara, anofanira kuvharwa nemapuranga epurasitiki. Ichi chiyero chichabatsira kuparadza zvirwere. Iyo inotsigira sisitimu yezvivakwa inofanirwa kutsungirira kushanduka kwese kwekushisa. Zvivako zvisina kugadzirira izvi zvinokurumidza kutadza kushandiswa. Kana iwe ukaberekesa howa muhuwandu, saka steam sterilization ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa. Iyi nzira ndiyo zvakare yakachengeteka.
Mune madiki myceliums pazasi pezvivakwa zvakagadzirirwa pachiitiko, zviri nani kuita kemikari yekupisa kurapwa. Nzira iri nyore ndeyotevera: sarufa yeupfu inofanira kusanganiswa neammonium kana potassium nitrate muchiyero che1: 3, yakaiswa pamapani esimbi uye kuisa moto. Vhara imba yacho zvakasimba. Ichabuda sulfur dioxide, iyo inobvisa hutachiona mukamuri. Mushonga we sulfur dioxide munyaya iyi haufaniri kudarika 40 mg / m. Zvikasadaro, imba yacho ichave yakaoma kwazvo kuburitsa mweya. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kuiburitsa kweanenge mazuva gumi.
Nzira yakavimbika ndeyekuputira mukamuri ne methylene bromide. High-quality sterilization inoitika pakupisa kwe20-25 ° C pachiyero che 600 g paawa / m, sekunge mukamuri yakabatwa ne 1% methyl bromide kwemaawa gumi nemanomwe. Asi mukati meawa gumi nematanhatu, kuwanda kwekemikari (fumigant) kunoderera ne17 nguva, saka nyanzvi dzine ruzivo dzinowanzo gadzirira kaviri dosi pamberi. Methylene bromide inofanira kushandiswa ne16% chloropyrkine, sezvo yekutanga isinganhuhwi uye tear gas inokurumidza kuona kubuda.
Zvivako zvemapuranga zvinogara zvinoshanda senzvimbo yakanaka yezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvipembenene. Mukuwedzera, ivo havabvumiri kurapwa kwemhepo zvakanaka, sezvo ivo vanokurumidza kunyura. Ndokusaka zvivakwa zvese zvemapuranga zvichifanirwa kuisirwa neparachlorophenolate kana sodium pentachlorophenolate. Havazongochengetedza muti kubva pakuora, asi vachashanda sechipingamupinyi kune zvipembenene zvose. Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka pachinzvimbo chekunyorovesa zvikamu zvehuni nemhinduro ye bleach uye carbolic acid mushure meimwe neimwe yekupisa kurapwa. Iyo yakarapwa substrate inoshongedzwa nemusanganiswa wakafanana.
Iwe unogona kusanganisa kurapa kwemhepo nemakemikari. Semuenzaniso, tanga kubata madziro ese, pasi, racks ne chlorophos ne cuprosan uye wobva wabata zvese kwemaawa matanhatu. Kana kubata mukamuri neyakaomeswa 6% formalin kana musanganiswa wemhangura sulphate uye lime. Kutanga, madziro, pasi uye sirin'i inofanira kushambidzwa ne 40% solution yealkali chloride. Zvadaro fumigate mukamuri ne formaldehyde. Pamamita 1, unofanira kutora marita maviri e100% formalin uye 2 g yebleach. Isa bleach mumidziyo yakashama enameled kana porcelain. Ronga ndiro neraimu pasi pamusoro penzvimbo yese yeU40bu400bthe room, wedzera formaldehyde. Formaldehyde gasi ichawanikwa, iyo inofukidza imba yese. Dururira formaldehyde munzira kubva mukati mekamuri kusvika pakubuda. Zvose zvinoda kuitwa nokukurumidza zvikuru. Wobva wavhara magonhi kwemazuva 2. Wobva wafemesa mukamuri kwemazuva 4.
Unogona kupfapfaidza nemushonga une 4% webleach. Sei uchideredza chiyero chakakodzera cheraimu mune zvishoma zvemvura. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitwa mundiro yehuni. Zvadaro wobva wawedzera mvura kuti uwane mhinduro yehutano hunodiwa, uye usiye kupinza kwemaawa maviri. Paridza mukamuri nemushonga. Wobva waivhara kwemazuva maviri. Iyi nzira inofanirwa kuitwa mazuva gumi nemashanu isati yaiswa substrate. Iyo chlorine inofanira kubuda yese.
Formalin inogona zvakare kupfapfaidzwa panzvimbo. Pamamita gumi emvura, tora 10 malita e0,25% formalin. Kwemamita zana emukamuri, 40 malita emushonga achadiwa. Imba yacho inofanira kunyatsopfapfaidzwa uye yakavharwa zvakasimba kwemazuva maviri. Zvadaro ventilate.
Formalin chishandiso chinodiwa pakukura howa. Asi haidziviriri kubva kune zvipembenene zvinokuvadza uye haiparadzi fungal spores nguva dzose.
Iko kunobva hutachiona kazhinji guruva rine spores. Pamberi pemusuwo wega wega, unofanirwa kuisa matiti akanyorova akanyoroveswa nemishonga inouraya utachiona. Munhu wose anopinda mukamuri yacho anofanira kuitsika. Mukuwedzera, mangwanani oga oga, ndima dzose dzinofanira kudiridzwa ne 2% formalin solution. Zvishandiso zvose zvinofanira kunyoroveswa mune imwe mhinduro.
Pakukohwa, zvakakosha kushandisa mabhasikiti matsva nguva dzose. Usatora mabhokisi. Kana mabhasikiti ekare akatorwa, saka anofanira kunge akaiswa disinfected mumushonga we bleach. Kana howa hukakura mumabhegi epurasitiki, saka haafanire kuisirwa disinfected, nekuti hunoshandiswa kamwechete. Mabhokisi emapuranga anofanirwa kucheneswa nekuiswa mishonga yekuuraya utachiona mushure mekukohwa kwega kwega. Iyo yekupedzisira inofanira kuitwa kakawanda nemhepo kwemaawa gumi nemaviri, kana nekuda kweizvi, zvinhu zvese zvinofanirwa kunyudzwa mumhinduro yeimwe yemishonga inouraya utachiona, semuenzaniso sodium pentachlorophenolate. Pachiratidzo chekutanga chekuonekwa kwe nematodes, iwe unofanirwa kubvisa pakarepo mudziyo wekare uye utenge imwe nyowani.
Zvakaoma zvikuru kudzivirira mycelium kubva kune extraneous inokuvadza microorganisms. Vanokwanisa kupinda mukati pamwe chete nemidziyo, midziyo, pane zvipfeko, nevhu rekuvhara, compost, panguva yekufema. Zvese zvinhu zvinounzwa mumycelium zvinofanirwa kutanga zvaitwa disinfected. Mhepo inobva mumhepo inofefetera inofanira kusefa. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuita izvi panguva yekukura uye kukura kwe mycelium. Nechinangwa ichi, unogona kutora sesefa. Kana huwandu hwemhepo huchifambiswa, saka munyaya iyi zviri nani kushandisa chidzitiro chemvura, kureva kuti, rega mhepo ipfuure nepaketeni remadonhwe emvura, sepamvura.
Pane chinhu chakadai se "gedhi rekupinda nechirwere." Nzvimbo iri pedyo nemusuwo we mycelium - iyi ndiyo gedhi uye zvirwere zvinotapukira zvefungi - inofanira kuva yakachena. Murwi wemacompost unofanira kurongwa kureba kubva pamusuwo. Uyewo, kana iripo, zvakakosha kufunga nezvechinhu chakadaro semhepo. Zviri nani kuronga murwi wemacompost padivi leeward kubva pamusuwo. Pedyo nemusuwo we mycelium hapafanirwe kuve nematanda akaomeswa emakwenzi, marara emarara, sezvo ari iwo echisikigo masosi ehutachiona.
Nzvimbo dzeindasitiri dzekusvibiswa kwemhepo, kana dziripo, dzinofanirawo kutariswa.
Pasinei nematanho ese ekudzivirira akadaro, akawanda mycelium anogona kutapukirwa nemaparasite. Muchiitiko ichi, chiyero chete chekumisa kupararira kwehutachiona chichava kuparadzaniswa kwakakwana kwezvivakwa izvi. Vanofanira kuvharirwa utachiona, vasingatarisi kukohwa. Sei vachiwanzosaswa ne potassium kana munyu wakajairika, choko, inodururwa ne formalin, inobatwa ne methylene bromide, kureva kuti, inobvumirwa kushandisa chero chinhu chine simba chinogona kuparadza chitubu chetachiona. Uyewo, mumakamuri akasvibiswa, kurapwa kwekushisa kunoitwa mberi kwepurogiramu.
Nzira dzese dzetekinoroji mukugadzirira kwe substrate uye manyowa inofanira kunyatsocherechedzwa. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezviyero zvikuru zvekurwisa zvirwere. Pamusoro pecompost yakanyatsogadzirirwa, mycelium inokura nokukurumidza uye inodzivisa kukura kwemamwe ma microorganisms. Iyi pfuma yecompost inonzi selectivity. Zvinoreva kugadzira mamiriro ekukura kwechimwe chipenyu. Kusarudzwa kwe substrate kunotsanangurwa nyore nyore - izvi kana tembiricha yayo uye humidity zvinoenderana nemamiriro anodiwa kuti ibudirire fruiting yehowa.
Basa rese rinofanirwa kutanga uko mycelium iri padanho rekutanga rekusimudzira, uye kutamira kune iyo nzvimbo iyo nzira yekukura inopera nekukohwa. Ikoko ndiko kuti zvipenyu uye zvinokwikwidzana zvipenyu zvinounganidza, uye kukwanisa kuvadzivisa mufungi, pane kudaro, kunoderera. Chirimwa chinofanira kukohwewa uye kucheneswa nenzira chaiyo yakaratidzwa - kubva kune howa hudiki kusvika kune yekare. Mhepo inofanirawo kupeperetswa nenzira imwe chete - kubva kutsika dzevadiki kuenda kune dzevakuru. Zvinhu zvakadaro zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa nekukurumidza kunyangwe pakugadzira kamuri. Kana uchifamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo uchienda kune imwe, zvinodikanwa kugeza maoko nesipo uye maturusi ekushandisa. Paunenge uchikohwa, usatora howa hune chirwere - hunofanira kuunganidzwa zvakasiyana kubva kune hutano.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza imwe pfungwa zvakare. Howa, kunyangwe ari mukati, anogara achinzwa shanduko yemwaka. Uye chiitiko chepamusoro chinogara chiri muzhizha. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kurima howa kuitira kuti kutanga kwekurima kwavo kurege kuwira muzhizha.
Mashoko mashoma pamusoro pemishonga yezvipembenene nezvimwe zvinogadzirisa. Chokutanga, mishonga yose yezvipembenene zvekudzivirira zvirwere zve mycelium yefungi inofanira kushandiswa mu mycelium chete mune zvishoma. Vanogonawo kuiswa mukuumbwa kwechifukidzo chekuvhara kana manyowa, kana kunyungudutswa mumvura uye inodururwa pamusoro pemibhedha nemhinduro iyi. Zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti utachiona hunozopedzisira hwakura kusawirirana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, saka nguva nenguva inofanira kutsiviwa nemitsva. Kune marudzi akawanda akasiyana emishonga yezvipembenene. Mukuwedzera, sayenzi haina kumira, uye mishonga mitsva inooneka zuva nezuva. Asi hwaro hwavo hunenge nguva dzose hwakafanana.
Kugadzirira kurwisana nemavhairasi haasati agadzirwa, saka chete zvinhu zvekudyara zvine hutano zvinofanira kushandiswa. Izvo zvinodiwawo kuisa sefa yakanaka pamhepo yekugovera uye kuita yemhando yepamusoro yekupisa kurapwa, umo fungal spores yaizofa, nekuti iri kuburikidza navo iyo chikamu chikuru chevhairasi chinoparadzirwa.
Pane mushonga unoshanda wakanyanya kurwisa mabhakitiriya: mibhedha inofanira kudiridzwa ne 0,25% bleach solution. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, nzvimbo yakasviba haifaniri kuumba muvharo yevhavha. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti anenge ese ane aqueous mhinduro ane halogens akanaka kurwisa mabhakitiriya.
Malathion, diazinon, dichlorvos, endosulfan uye zvimwe zvipembenene zvichabatsira kubvisa zvipembenene. Diazinon inhengo yeprophylactic; myceliums isina chinhu mukati nekunze inorapwa navo kamwe chete pamwedzi pakati pekukohwa. Kana pasteurization ichiitwa pamapuranga mumakamuri, ipapo kurapwa ne diazinon kunofanira kuitwa kusati kwasvika pasteurization, kudyara nekubika.
Dichlorvos mumakamuri inorapwa vhiki imwe neimwe. Inoshandiswawo nekuwedzera kwakanyanya kwenhamba yezvipembenene zvezvipembenene. Semuyenzaniso, nekukura kwakawanda kwemaspringtails, pasi nemadziro mumasero zvinofanirwa kupfapfaidzwa ne 0,03% solution ye dichlorvos. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinochinjanisa mishonga yezvipembenene zviviri panguva imwe chete. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakaoma kuti zvipembenene zvigadzirise. Zvechokwadi, panguva yekurapa kwekupisa uye pasteurization ye substrate, zvakakosha kuparadza zvipembenene zvose - mukuputika kwega uye kuputika, kusefa mhepo.
Matanho ese ehutsanana akakosha mukurwisa fungal vakwikwidzi uye zvipembenene. Hazvidikanwi kurwisa chete nemakemikari, sezvo fungicides inogona kukuvadza chirimwa. Iyo inonyanya kushanda systemic fungicide ndeye benomyl. Inogonawo kuwanikwa pasi pemazita fundazol uye benlat. Mishonga iyi ine chinhu chimwe chete chinoshanda, asi inogadzirwa nemakambani akasiyana. Fundazol inoshandiswa muhuwandu hwepamusoro kupfuura mamwe maviri maajenti, sezvo ichinyanya kuipa mumhando.
Inopihwa pachiyero che 15 g/m isati yadzoserwa kumashure ichinyorovesa musanganiswa wekuputira. Kana pane kutyisidzira kwechokwadi kwekubuda kwechena kana yakaoma kuora, mold, ipapo dosage inofanira kuwedzerwa kusvika 45 g / m. Muchiitiko chechirwere chefungal, mycelium inofanira kurapwa nemishonga pachiyero che 1 g / m. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa mancozeb, zineb, maneb.
Zvakanyanya kuoma kuronga kurwisa nematodes uye zvikwekwe. Vanounganidza mucompost uye vanodya pane mycelium yefungus inorimwa. Pano, kutanga kwezvose, zvakakosha pasteurize substrate zvakanaka. Parachlorophenolate uye pentachlorophenolate inogona kushandiswa kurwisa nematodes. Vanopa pamuviri zvikamu zvose zvemapuranga uye zvinhu. Vanogona zvakare kupfapfaidzwa mukamuri mazuva mashoma vasati vaita manyowa. Mishonga iyi yakasimba antiseptics. Izvo zvakare zviri nyore kutsiva nemamwe antiseptics, senge carbolic acid. Zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti haasi makemikari ose anoora kana kuparara. Vakawanda vanounganidza mumiviri ye fruiting yehowa. Naizvozvo, makemikari ekurwisa zvirwere, zvipembenene uye zvipembenene zvinofanirwa kushandiswa zvakanyatsonaka uye zvishoma. Zvakare, usashandise zviyero zvakafanana zvekugadzirisa zvinopihwa mumabhuku evarimi nevarimi, kunyangwe gadziriro dzakafanana dzichishandiswa.
Kana iyo howa inenge yakagadzirira kuunganidza kwavo, saka makemikari anorwisa zvipembenene nezvirwere haagoni kushandiswa. Pano unogona kushandisa herbal infusions. Izvo zvakachengeteka zvichienzaniswa nemakemikari. Uyezve, kana vakapfapfaidza mushroom, ipapo pakarepo mushure mezvo unogona kuitora uye kuidya. Chokwadi, kuisirwa mishonga yemakwenzi kune mhedzisiro yakapfava uye hakugadzirise zvachose dambudziko semagadzirirwo anoita makemikari. Asi vanogonawo kubudirira. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti hapana chaiyo data pamusoro pekushandiswa kweiyo infusions chero kupi, saka inofanira kushandiswa zvakanyatsonaka, sezvo inogona kukonzera shanduko mukuravira, ruvara uye kunhuwa kwehowa.
Garlic sprayer inodzinga zvipembenene uye fungal zvirwere. Chiito chayo chinotora kusvika kumazuva gumi. Kuti ugadzirire kuvharwa kwakadaro, unoda kutema 10 g yegoriki negoriki crusher, dururira 90 ml yemafuta asina kunaka mugruel. Mushure memazuva maviri, sanganisa musanganiswa wemafuta nemvura ine sipo. Iyo yekupedzisira inogadzirirwa sezvinotevera: 10 g yesipo inofanira kunyungudutswa mu 10 ml yemvura, yakasanganiswa zvakanaka uye yakasara kwezuva. Zvadaro simbisa musanganiswa uye uchengetedze mumudziyo wakavharwa zvakasimba. Mushonga wekupfapfaidza wakagadzirirwa sezvinotevera: 500 chikamu chemusanganiswa chinoderedzwa muzvikamu zana zvemvura. Kana chiyero chetachiona chakakwirira, saka mvura shoma inofanira kutorwa.
Iwe unogona zvakare kugadzirira infusions yemamwe herbs. Semuenzaniso, lavender uye tansy inodzinga nhunzi. Kuti ugadzirire infusion, dururira zvinhu zvitsva kana zvakaoma zvakasvibiswa nemvura inopisa. Pano, zviyero hazvidiwi kutarisa - simba rekupinza rinoenderana nehuwandu hwehutachiona hwe mycelium.