Mukati
Mushroom mold ndicho chirwere chinonyanyo sangana nevarimi pavanenge vachiuchika machampignon nehowa hweoyster. Nehurombo, hapana nzira dzinoshanda dzekurwisa mold yehowa hutsva, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvirimwa kuri mukuitwa kwakakodzera kwemaitiro ekudzivirira. Mhando huru dzefungi molds dzakasvibirira, yero, yero-girinhi, confetti, carmine, dandemutande uye muorivhi. Chii chaunofanira kuita kudzivirira kuoneka kwe mold pahowa panguva yekurima inotsanangurwa zvakadzama pane ino peji.
Sei mold yakasvibirira ichionekwa pahowa?
Green mold, sekutonga, inobata champignons yakakura mumakamuri makuru. Chikonzero nei mold yakasvibirira ichionekwa pahowa mhando dzakasiyana dze skae-yutsht, dzakapararira muzvisikwa uye dzinoonekwa mu substrate pamwe chete nezvinhu zvekutanga. Iwo, pamwe chete nemamwe ma microorganisms, anobatanidzwawo mukuvirisa. Iyi pathogen haitamburi pakupisa kwakanyanya. Muchiitiko ichi, ma microorganisms akasara anofa, uye fungus iyi inotanga kukura nekukurumidza, pasina kusangana nezvipingamupinyi uye vakwikwidzi. Iyo mycelium yefungus iyi hyphae yakaonda iyo inopinda mukati mese substrate uye inopa iyo kunhuhwirira kwecellar uye mold. Mushroom mycelium haikwanisi kukura mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, sezvo isingawani mishonga. Anofa nokukurumidza. Uye fungus yeparasitic inokura spores. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabuds eruvara rwegirini, girini yemuorivhi, dema mavara anoonekwa pane substrate. Iyo fungus spores izere negirinhi spores. Mukuwedzera, ammonia mu substrate uye kushayikwa kwemhepo yakachena kunongokurudzira kukura kwefungus iyi. Kana manyowa ehuku akasanganiswa zvisina kuenzana mumusanganiswa wekutanga, saka izvi zvakare dzimwe nguva zvinokonzeresa girini mold.
Ihwo howa hwakatapukirwa negirinhi mold hunoratidzika sei hunoratidzwa pamufananidzo:
Green mold inogona kudzivirirwa chete. Nei zvinhu zvekutanga zve substrates zvichifanira kutorwa chete muyero yakakodzera uye nemazvo composted. Iyo pasteurization process pachayo inofanirwa kugara ichitariswa, kudzivirira kupisa mune chero mamiriro.
Inobvumirwa kuzunungusa substrate yakabatwa nechirwere zvakare. Nekuda kweizvozvo, unogona kuwana goho rakaderera. Pamberi pekugadzirisa kwakadaro, substrate inowanzosaswa ne superphosphate powder.
Brown uye yero mold pane oyster howa uye champignons
brown mold kazhinji inokanganisa oyster howa uye champignons. Iyo causative agent ndeye moldy saprophytic fungus. Mould inogona kuoneka pane substrate isati yaiswa kana mushure mekuvhara. Pakutanga, mold ichena uye fluffy, uye zvino inova brown-grey, muchimiro che plaque. Kana ukaibhabhadzira neruoko rwako kana kuidiridza, ipapo guruva rinosimuka kubva panzvimbo. Apo mushroom mycelium inomera mumucheka wekuvhara, mushroom mold inonyangarika.
Chirwere ichi chinogona kudzivirirwa chete, hapana mushonga. Seyeyero yekudzivirira, iyo yekuvhara zvinhu inofanirwa kurapwa ne foundationazole. Zvakare, usaite manyowa pasi.
yellow mold zvakare kazhinji inobata champignons. Inokonzerwa neparasitic fungus Myceliophtora lutea; iyi pathogen ndeimwe yenjodzi kune machampignon. Iyo fungus yakadaro inogona kuwanikwa mumasikirwo - iparasitize pane mycelium inokura yemusango yefungi dzakasiyana. Uye mu substrate, inokura chete kana pane champignon mycelium panzvimbo imwe chete. A white mycelium inoonekwa pamuganhu pakati pechifukidziro uye substrate. Mushure meizvi, spores inoumbwa uye nzvimbo dzakakanganiswa dzinova yero. Iyo substrate pachayo inotanga kunhuwa kunge copper oxide, kana carbide. Iyo spores yefungus inopokana nekupisa kwakanyanya, haife panguva yekudyara uye inogona kutakurwa nevhu, yakasvibiswa substrate, kuburikidza nemaoko evanhu uye zvishandiso.
Nokuda kwezvinangwa zvekudzivirira, zvakakosha kunyatsocherechedza zvinodiwa zvehutsanana, zvakakodzera compost. Kana iyo substrate ine hutachiona, saka zvese zvakapoteredza howa zvinofanirwa kupfapfaidzwa vhiki nevhiki ne 4% formalin solution. Uye mushure mekuvhiringidzwa kwega kwega, zvinotarisirwa kupfira makora ne 1% solution yemhangura sulphate. Iyo substrate ine hutachiona inorapwa zvakare ne1% mhinduro yemhangura sulphate uye yozoendeswa kunoraswa. Iyi substrate haigone kushandiswa se organic fertilizer. Nzvimbo dzese dzekugadzira dzinofanirwa kupiswa pa12 °C kwemaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri mushure mekutenderedzwa kwembesa.
Chii chaunofanira kuita kana confetti mold inoonekwa pahowa
yellow mold confetti – Ichi chirwere chakasiyana, chakasiyana nechakajairika yellow mold. Inokonzerwa neimwe mhando yeparasitic fungus. Whitesh mycelium inoumbwa mu substrate nenzira yemavara akapararira. Dzinoshanduka yero pave paya uye dzoita yero-ruvara. Howa nyama inogona kunyange kuumba pakati.
Kukura panguva imwe chete nehowa mycelium, chirwere ichi zvishoma nezvishoma chinotanga kutonga pamusoro pacho. Iwo mavara anogona kuoneka zvakajeka kuburikidza nehomwe. Zviri nyore kuvatarisa nekudururira substrate kubva mubhegi papepa uye kuipatsanura kuita zvidimbu zvakachinjika. Iyo mold inowanzova nemuvara wakasiyana pane wehowa mycelium - inogara iri greyish-silver. Kuvandudza, chirwere chacho chinokonzera kuora mwoyo pa fruiting yehowa. Inotanga inononoka, uye pakupedzisira inomira.
Kukura kukuru kwe mold kunoitika pazuva re50-60 mushure mekudyara mycelium. Naizvozvo, iyo inotevera fruiting inoitika muchirimwa chechampignon, iyo yakakura kurasikirwa kuchave.
Iyo spores yeiyi moldy parasitic fungus inofa patembiricha ye60 ° C uye pamusoro. Kazhinji, chirwere chinopararira kuburikidza ne substrate, dzimwe nguva inogona kuwanikwawo pavhu. Utachiona hunogona kupinda mu substrate painoburitswa kubva mukamuri. Spores inounzwa nemhepo pamwe neguruva kubva kune vavakidzani champignons kana kubva kune yakapedzwa substrate. Zvinhu zvevhu zvinogonawo kutapukirwa. Spores inotakurwa pamwe chete nembatya neshangu, nemidziyo, zvikwekwe, mbeva, howa nhunzi, nezvimwe.
Kuti udzivise hutachiona, zvinodikanwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa nehutsanana muchirimwa chechampignon pachayo uye munharaunda iri padyo nayo. Kompositi haifanirwe kuitwa pauriri hwevhu. Iyo substrate inofanirwa kuvharwa zvakanaka kwemaawa gumi nemaviri pa12 ° C. Zviri nani kushandisa mabhegi akagadzirwa nepolymer firimu, izvo zvinoderedza njodzi yekupararira kwehutachiona kana uchiisa howa. Mukuwedzera, zviyero zvose zvinofanira kuteverwa zvakasimba (kugadzirira kwekuberekesa substrate, kukurumidza kumera kwe mycelium, kuisanganisa ne pasteurized substrate, nezvimwewo) iyo inokurumidza kukura kwe mycelium uye kuumbwa kwemichero. Izvi zvichabatsira kuderedza njodzi yekurasikirwa negoho.
Kana mahowa zvakadaro akafukidzwa ne mold, ipapo trimmings yemakumbo uye chifukidzo chinonamatira kwavari hazvifaniri kupararira. Iwo anofanirwa kuunganidzwa mumabhegi epolymer firimu uye akapetwa mugomba rakanyatsogadzirirwa izvi. Iyi tsvina inofanira kudiridzwa zuva rega rega nemhinduro yemhangura sulfate. Gomba rinoda kufukidzwa nevhu. Imba yese iyo champignon yakarongedzwa inofanira kushambidzwa uye kuuraya utachiona zuva rega rega nemhinduro yemhangura sulfate. Mazariro ese ekufemesa anofanira kufukidzwa nemambure. Usati uye mushure mekushanda muhowa, unofanirwa kugeza maturusi ese ekushanda, geza hembe dzebasa, geza uye bvisa hutachiona shangu nemhinduro yemhangura sulfate, uye geza maoko ako nesipo nemvura.
Matanho makuru ekurwisa mold fungi anodzivirira. Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kubvisa zvose zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona pamatanho ose ekukura howa.
Kudzivirira kuti mold irege kuonekwa pahowa, nzvimbo yose mu champignon inofanira kupfapfaidzwa kamwe chete pavhiki ne 1% solution yemhangura sulphate. Iyo substrate inoshandiswa inofanira kurapwa nemhinduro yemhangura sulphate isati yabvisa kubva muhowa. Inogona kushandiswa sefotereza yepasi chete kana pasina howa. Zvivakwa zvekugadzira zvinofanirwawo kubikwa pamwe chete ne substrate.
yellow green howa mold
yellow-green mold iyo substrate mumachampignons inobatwa kazhinji. Howa husina simba, hupfumbu muruvara; iyo mycelium inofa zvishoma nezvishoma. Munzvimbo yaro, howa hunyoro hune yellow-green spores uye white mycelium hunogadzirwa. Iine hunhu hwemusty hwema uye inonzwa viscous. Chirwere ichi chinokonzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Vanokwanisa kukura panguva imwe chete, uye zvakaoma kuvaparadzanisa. Rudzi urwu rwekuumbwa runowanikwa mune zvakasikwa. Inopinda mu substrate pamwe chete nezvinhu zvekutanga uye, pamwe chete nemamwe ma microorganisms, inobatanidzwa mukugadzira manyowa. Yellow-green mold inotanga kukura pakupisa kwe45 ° C. Inofa zvachose ne pasteurization yakanaka. Kana iyo pasteurization inoitwa mukutenda kwakashata, uye iyo substrate pachayo ndeye yakashata, ipapo mold inokurumidza kukanganisa mushroom mycelium mumatanho ekutanga ekukura. Utachiona hunokwanisa kupinda mukati memhando yepamusoro substrate. Zvitubu zvehutachiona zvinogona kusvibiswa tsvina substrate, iyo yakapararira pedyo nechampignons uye nzvimbo ye composting, mhepo neguruva, shangu, zvishandiso. Kunonoka kufunga kuti ndoita sei kana howa hwatova hwava. Kana chirwere chacho chikaiswa panguva yakanonoka, apo mycelium yakanyatsogadzirwa uye kuumbwa kwemichero kwatanga, ipapo njodzi yekurasikirwa kwezvirimwa inoderedzwa zvishoma.
Kuti udzivise chirwere ichi, unofanira kugara uchitevera mitemo yose yehutsanana panzvimbo yecompost. Usashandise madonhwe eshiri akachengetwa kwenguva refu. Composting inofanirwa kuitwa ichitevedzera zvese zvinodiwa uye kuiswa munzvimbo yemurwi. Iyo substrate inofanirwa kugara iri pasi pekupisa kurapwa. Mukuwedzera, inoda kunyoroveswa pakarepo mushure mekubvisa mushroom kubva mairi. Pamazuva ane mhepo, hazvidiwi kuichenesa. Iyo substrate yakashandiswa inofanira kutorwa mumabhegi epurasitiki. Geza howa nguva nenguva uye kuuraya utachiona nemishonga inouraya fungi.
Mamwe marudzi e mold fungi
carmine mold inokonzerwa nefungus Sporendomena purpurescens Bon. Inoonekwa panguva yekudyara muchimiro chena puffs kana chivharo che mycelium pakati pemapundu e integumentary material. Iyo mycelium yeiyi mold inokura nekukurumidza uye inovhara iyo yese layer ye integumentary material. Haitore mvura pakudiridza. Muchampignon, fruiting inotanga kuderera, uye inomira zvachose. Iyo mycelium ye mold inoshanduka yero, gare gare inova cherry tsvuku uye sporulation inotanga. Iyi fungus inonyanya kufarira nitrogen uye inokura mu substrate yakapfuma mairi. Kana kutonhora kwe substrate kukava 10-18 ° C, ipapo kukura kwefungus mold kunowedzera, asi kukura kwefungus inorimwa, pane zvinopesana, inononoka.
Kuti udzivise chirwere ichi, substrate supersaturated ne nitrogen uye yakavharwa nemvura inofanira kudziviswa. Fetereza yeNitrogen inofanira kuiswa zvakanyatsonaka. Munguva yekurapa kwekupisa kwe substrate, panofanira kunge kune kubuda kwemhepo yakachena. Ammonia inofanira kusunungurwa zvachose. Kupisa kweiyo substrate kunofanirwawo kugara kwakaringana kune fungus yakarimwa.
Dandemutande uye muorivhi mold - zvirwere zvinowanzoitika zve oyster mushroom. Vanooneka pane substrate uye vanodzivisa kukura kwe mycelium uye kuumbwa kwemichero. Nzira iri nyore uye inoshanda yekurwisa zvirwere izvi munyu. Kazhinji inosaswa panzvimbo dzine utachiona. Munyu unodzivirira kupararira kwechirwere ichi.