One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest nemamwe mafirimu nemabhuku anoratidza electroconvulsive therapy sehutsinye uye hutsinye. Zvisinei, chiremba wepfungwa anotenda kuti mamiriro acho akasiyana uye dzimwe nguva nzira iyi inokosha.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) inzira inoshanda kwazvo yekurapa chirwere chepfungwa chakakomba. Uye vanoishandisa kwete "munyika yechitatu yenyika uko kune matambudziko nemishonga", asi muUSA, Austria, Canada, Germany nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira.
Iyi nzira inozivikanwa zvakanyanya mumagariro epfungwa uye muRussia. Asi ruzivo rwechokwadi pamusoro pake haruwanzosvika kuvarwere. Kune rusaruro uye ngano dzakawanda dzakapoteredza ECT zvekuti vanhu havasi kunyanya kuda kuongorora mamwe maonero.
Ndiani akagadzira izvi?
Muna 1938, nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzeItaly Lucio Bini naHugo Cerletti vakaedza kurapa catatonia (a psychopathological syndrome) nemagetsi. Uye takawana zvibereko zvakanaka. Pakave nekuedza kwakasiyana kwakasiyana, maitiro kune electroshock therapy akachinja. Pakutanga, tariro huru yakaiswa panzira yacho. Zvino, kubva kuma1960, kufarira mairi kwakadzikira, uye psychopharmacology yakatanga kukura nesimba. Uye ne1980s, ECT "yakagadziridzwa" uye yakaramba ichitsvakurudzwa kuti ibudirire.
Pazvinenge zvakakodzera?
Zvino zviratidzo zveECT zvinogona kuva zvirwere zvakawanda.
Somuenzaniso, schizophrenia. Zvechokwadi, pakarepo mushure mokunge chirwere chacho chaitwa, hapana munhu achavhundutsa munhu. Izvi hazvina kunaka kutaura zvishoma. Kutanga, nzira yemishonga inorayirwa. Asi kana mapiritsi asingabatsiri, zvinokwanisika uye kunyange zvakakosha kuedza nzira iyi. Asi, hongu, nenzira yakanyatsotsanangurwa uye pasi pekutariswa kwenyanzvi. Mukuita kwenyika, izvi zvinoda kuwana mvumo ine ruzivo rwemurwere. Kusarura kunoitwa chete mumatambudziko akaoma uye nekukurumidza.
Kazhinji, ECT inobatsira nekufungidzira uye kunyengera. Chii chinonzi hallucinations, ndinofunga iwe unoziva. Mune schizophrenia, vanowanzoonekwa semanzwi. Asi kwete nguva dzose. Panogona kunge paine manzwiro ekubata, uye kuravira zviroto, uye kunyange zvinoonekwa, kana munhu aona chinhu chisipo chaizvo (kwete kuti tivhiringike nekunyepedzera, kana tikakanganisa gwenzi nembwa yedhimoni murima).
Delirium kusagadzikana kwekufunga. Somuenzaniso, munhu anotanga kunzwa kuti inhengo yedhipatimendi rakavanzika rehurumende uye vasori vari kumutevera. Upenyu hwake hwose zvishoma nezvishoma hunova pasi pekufunga kwakadaro. Zvino kazhinji anopedzisira ave muchipatara. Nezviratidzo izvi, ECT inoshanda zvakanyanya. Asi, ndinodzokorora, iwe unogona kazhinji kupinda mukuita chete kana mapiritsi akanga asina maitiro aidiwa.
Electroconvulsive therapy inoitwa pasi peanesthesia. Munhu wacho hapana chaanonzwa.
Electroconvulsive therapy dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kune bipolar affective disorder. Muchidimbu, ichi chirwere chine zvikamu zvakasiyana. Munhu akanyura muzviitiko zvinoodza mwoyo zuva rose, hapana chinomufadza kana chinomufadza. Pane zvakasiyana, ane simba rakawanda uye simba, izvo zvinenge zvisingabviri kurarama nazvo.
Vanhu vanochinja zvachose vafambidzani vepabonde, vanotora zvikwereti zvekutenga zvisina basa, kana kuenda kuBali vasina kuudza chero munhu kana kusiya chinyorwa. Uye chete manic phases haisi nyore kurapa nemishonga. Muchiitiko ichi, ECT inogona zvakare kuuya kuzonunura.
Vamwe vagari vanofarira mamiriro aya anoperekedza bipolar disorder, asi chokwadi iwo akaoma kwazvo. Uye vanogara vachipera mukuora mwoyo kwakanyanya, umo pasina chokwadi chinhu chakanaka.
ECT inoshandiswawo kana mania yakatanga panguva yekuzvitakura. Nekuti iyo yakajairwa mishonga yekurapa kwakadaro inenge inogara ichipikiswa zvachose.
Nokuda kwekuora mwoyo kwakanyanya, ECT inogonawo kushandiswa, asi haina kuitwa kakawanda.
Izvi zvinoitika sei
Electroconvulsive therapy inoitwa pasi peanesthesia. Munhu wacho hapana chaanonzwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mishonga inozorodza inogara ichishandiswa kuitira kuti murwere arege kubvisa makumbo kana maoko. Vanobatanidza ma electrodes, tanga ikozvino kakawanda - uye ndizvozvo. Munhu anomuka, uye mushure memazuva matatu nzira yacho inodzokororwa. Kosi yacho inowanzobatanidza zvikamu gumi.
Haasi munhu wese anonyorerwa ECT, kune vamwe varwere kune contraindications. Kazhinji izvi zvinetso zvakakomba zvemoyo, zvimwe zvirwere zvetsinga, uye kunyange zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa (somuenzaniso, obsessive-compulsive disorder). Asi chiremba anozonyatso taurira munhu wese nezve izvi uye, kutanga, vatumire kunoongororwa.