Federal Law yeRussian Federation pamusoro pekuredza uye kuchengetedza kwemvura zvipenyu zviwanikwa

Kubata hove hakusi kungovaraidza kunofadza, asiwo mutoro mukuru kune zvakasikwa. Kuchengetedzwa kwehuwandu hwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emvura zvipenyu zvipenyu zvakakosha zvakanyanya pane kugutsikana kwenguva pfupi. Pamusoro pezvo, mutemo unopa mhosva yekukuvadza.

Izvo zvinotenderwa uye zvisingabvumirwe zvinotsanangurwa zvakajeka mumutemo wakakodzera, izvo zvichakurukurwa gare gare. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti utange wazvijaira iwe nezviga zvakakosha, mitemo yekubata hove muna 2021 usati waenda kune mhuka. Pamusoro pazvo, kusaziva mutemo hakusi chikonzero.

Mitemo yeHove uye Chengetedzo yeAquatic Biological Resources muna 2021

Mitemo chaiyo inonyorerwa imwe nzvimbo yekuredza uye yakagadzirirwa kudzora maitirwo ekuona kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, nzvimbo dzemvura, mamiriro ezvinhu ane chokuita nehupenyu hwemvura inosiyana zvikuru. Kune imwe nzvimbo kune vanhu vakawanda, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemvura imhuka dziri mungozi. Asi iyo yese mitemo yakavakirwa pamutemo mukuru N 166 - iyo Federal Mutemo "Pakubata hove uye nekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura zvipenyu."

Zvirongwa zvakazara zvemutemo wemubatanidzwa N 166 - FZ

Mutemo wehurumende wakagamuchirwa munaNovember 26, 2004 neHurumende Duma, uye kubvumirwa kwakaitika neFederation Council musi waDecember 8. Yakapinda musimba musi waDecember 20 uye inopa tsanangudzo yakajeka. Semuenzaniso, zvipenyu zvemvura zvipenyu zvinosanganisira marudzi ese ehove, invertebrates, mhuka dzemumvura, pamwe chete nevamwe vagari venzvimbo dzemvura uye kunyange zvinomera zviri mumamiriro ekusununguka. Mushoko, bioresources zvese zvipenyu zvinogara mudura.

Kazhinji varedzi havazivi pfungwa dzekutanga. Semuyenzaniso, mhando dzehove dzeanadromous ndeye bioresources inobereka (spawn) mumvura yakachena uye yobva yatamira kumvura yegungwa.

Kune mhando dzehove dzinoita zvakapesana chaizvo, kureva kuberekera mugungwa, uye nguva yakawanda yadzo inopedzerwa mumvura yakachena. Ivo pamwe chete vanozivikanwa se catadromous species.

Mutemo unotsanangura zvakajeka zvinorehwa nekutorwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura. Inotsanangurwa sekubviswa kwehupenyu hwemumvura kubva munzvimbo yahwo. Mumashoko akajeka, kana hove dziri muchikepe chako kana pamhenderekedzo, izvi zvinotoonekwa semhuka (kubata).

Ndima 9 yeChinyorwa 1 inopa pfungwa yekuredza, asi iri pamusoro pezviitwa zvekuredza zvakakura nekugamuchirwa, kugadzirisa, kurodha, kufambisa, nezvimwe.

Kupfuurirazve, mune zvakajairwa zviga zvemutemo, kubata hove kwemaindasitiri uye kumahombekombe kunotemerwa, izvo zvisina chekuita nemuredziwo zvake. Chinokosha kuziva ndeyekukwana kunobvumirwa kubata (pfungwa 12). Iyi ndiyo imwe kukosha (huremu, huwandu), iyo inotarirwa nesainzi nzira zvichienderana nerudzi.

Nheyo dzekutanga, zvirambidzo zvakaiswa

Mitemo mikuru ndeiyi:

• kuverenga kwezvinhu zvipenyu zvemumvura nechinangwa chekuchengetedza;
• kukosha kwekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura zvipenyu;
• kuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi anokosha uye ari mungozi;
• kugadzwa kwehurumende yepamutemo;
• kubatanidzwa kwevagari vemo, masangano eruzhinji, masangano emutemo kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu hwemvura;
• tichifunga nezvezvido zvevagari vemo avo kubata hove ndiko kunopa mari;
• kutsunga kwehuwandu hwekugadzirwa (kubata hove);
• kuunganidzwa kwemari yekuitwa kwemabasa mumitumbi yemvura, kwainopihwa.

Kana zviri zvirambidzo, Mutemo N 166 unoreva mamwe maitiro emutemo. Kune vabati vehovewo zvavo, Mutemo N 475 FZ "Pane Amateur Hove" wakakosha. Recreational fishing zvinoreva kutorwa (kubata) kwezviwanikwa zvemumvura nevagari vemo kuti vakwanise kuzadzisa zvavanoda.

Iyi Federal Law inoganhura mwero wezuva nezuva wekugadzira pane zvakajairika. Mamwe manhamba akajeka anotarwa mumitemo yemitemo yematunhu. Nzvimbo dzemvura dzakakamurwa kuita zvinhu zvemvura zvakakosha pakubata hove. Purazi rimwe nerimwe rine mitemo yaro nezvirambidzo.

Mutemo we "hove" unorambidza kuredza kwekunakidzwa munzvimbo dzinotevera dzemvura:

• zvevagari vemunyika kana masangano emutemo;
• yeDhipatimendi reDziviriro (munyaya iyi, inogona kugumira);
• pamadziva emvura uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvinoenderana nemutemo weRussian Federation.

Mukuwedzera, zvirambidzo zvinounzwa kune dzimwe nguva dzenguva:

• kushandisa network;
• kushandisa zvinoputika, pamwe chete nemagetsi;
• kubata hove pasi pemvura;
• nzvimbo dzekutandarira neveruzhinji;
• kushandiswa kwemidziyo yemagetsi kuona bioresources.

Mabheseni ehove nenzvimbo dzemvura dzakakosha pakuredza

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, nzvimbo dzemvura dzakakamurwa kuita mabheseni anowirirana zvichienderana nenyaya uye zvimwe zvinhu. Pakazara, kune masere masere mapurazi akadaro munharaunda yeRussian Federation:

1. Azov - Black Sea.
2. Baikal.
3. Volga-Caspian.
4. East Siberian.
5. Far Eastern.
6. West Siberian.
7. Madokero.
8. Kuchamhembe.

Dzinosanganisira madhamu egungwa, nzizi, madziva nemamwe madhamu. Rondedzero yacho inotsanangurwa mumutemo N 166 “Pakubata hove nekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemumvura” muchikamu 17. Ruzivo rwakadzama runopiwa mukuwedzera kwemutemo uyu.

Nzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa yekubata hove ndeye Astrakhan basin. Pane sarudzo huru yenzvimbo dzekutandarira dzine mukana wekuti vabati vehove vagutse zvavanoda. Mukuwedzera, mamiriro ekunze akanaka kune varaidzo inofadza.

Mhando dzehove dzinogona kuitwa nevagari vemunyika nemasangano emutemo

Rondedzero yezvipenyu inotsanangurwa zvakare mu166 Federal Laws uye inosanganisira manomwe marudzi. Saka, vagari uye masangano emutemo anobvumirwa kuita mhando dzinotevera dzekuredza:

• industrial;
• coastal;
• zvesainzi uye kutonga zvinangwa;
• dzidzo uye tsika - dzidzo;
• nechinangwa chekupfuya hove;
• amateur;
• kuitira kuchengetedza hupfumi hwechinyakare hwevanhu vekuFar North, Siberia, neEast.

Kuti uite basa rebhizimusi, munhu anofanirwa kunyoreswa sesangano repamutemo kana muzvinabhizimusi wega. Zvinorambidzwa kuti vagari vekune dzimwe nyika vaite mabasa emabhizimisi mumunda wekubata hove munharaunda yeRussian Federation.

Mitemo uye zvinorambidzwa zvekuvaraidza hove

Munguva ichangopfuura, zvigadziriswa zvakaitwa kumitemo yekubata hove 2021. Iye zvino kubata hove kweamateur kune vagari veRussian Federation kunogona kuitwa kwose kwose. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera vana, vanasi, madziva nemamwe mapurazi achiri pasi pekurambidzwa.

Kuredza kwekunakidzwa kunogona kuitwa mukubata hove kwetsika, asi chete nemvumo. Kudzora pamusoro pekutevedzwa kwemitemo yekuredza kunopihwa kune vane masimba ekuchengetedza hove. Ndivo vanopa mvumo.

Zvinoenderana nemutemo wekuredza, vagari vanofanirwa kunge vaine chitupa kwavari. Kusavapo kwake kuchaonekwa sekutyora mitemo. Zvakare, iyo mitemo yekuvaraidza hove 2021 inoraira kuchengetedza kurongeka pamitumbi yemvura, kusanganisira pamhenderekedzo.

Zvinoenderana nemitemo yekubata hove muna 2021, inorambidzwa:

1. Kushandiswa kwemhando nyowani dzegiya uye nzira dzekubvisa, pasina mvumo yakakodzera.
2. Iva pedyo nenzvimbo dzine mvura nezvinhu zvinorambidzwa kubata hove.
3. Kushandiswa kwetsvimbo mbiri kana kupfuura pamunhu, pamwe chete nezvikokovonho zviviri kana kupfuura panguva yekuberekesa.

Pfungwa yekupedzisira inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenyaya. Vamwe vanobvumira hoko imwe, nepo vamwe vachibvumira maviri. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota tarisa kumitemo yekuredza yemuno.

 Kune vanoda spearfishing, kunewo zvimwe zvinorambidzwa. Chokutanga pane zvose, kuvapo kwe scuba gear. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, kuvhima nekushandiswa kweharpoon uye harpoon-mhando pfuti inobvumirwa.

Kushandiswa kwechikepe chinoyangarara chisina kunyoreswa uye chisina nhamba yedivi kunoonekwawo sekutyora kwemitemo yekuredza. Inoshanda kune marudzi ese ekuredza.

Nguva dzinorambidzwa zvikuru dzegore ichirimo uye kutanga kwezhizha. Panguva ino ndipo panotanga kubereka. Zvirambidzo zvakakomba zvikuru.

Basa rekuita mhosva mumunda wekubata hove

Mutemo weHove unogadzawo mutoro. Kutyorwa kwemutemo mundima yekuredza kunosanganisira kubhadhariswa faindi yekutonga kubva ku2 kusvika ku5 zviuru zveRubles pamunhu zvinoenderana neChinyorwa 8.37 cheCode of Administrative Offences yeRussia. Kune vakuru vakuru kubva ku20 kusvika ku30 zviuru, uye kumasangano epamutemo kubva ku100 kusvika ku200 zviuru rubles. Pamusoro pezvo, pfuti nechikepe chemvura zvinotorerwa.

Inopa zvakare faindi yekutonga yekusava nemvumo yekuredza. Inokodzera pasi peChikamu 7.11 cheMutemo weKutonga Kwemhosva dzeRussian Federation uye inopa faindi ye3-5 zviuru zveRubles kune vagari. Kuvakuru vakuru 5-10 zviuru uye kumasangano epamutemo 50-100 zviuru.

Vagari vemunyika vanogona kubhadhariswa faindi yekusave nechitupa chakakodzera kana vachityaira igwa diki. Ichi chirango chinotarwa muChinyorwa 11.8.1 cheCode of Administrative Offences uye inopa faindi ye10 kusvika ku15 zviuru. Kuti udzivise izvi, unofanirwa kuve uine tikiti rengarava kana kopi yakaziviswa newe.

Basa rekutonga handiro chete chirango. Kune dzimwe mhosva dzakakomba, mhosva inopihwa zvakare. Semuenzaniso, kubviswa kwevagari vemumvura panguva yekubereka nemidziyo yakarambidzwa (zvinoreva) uye nzira dzinofanirwa neChitsauko 256 cheCriminal Code yeRussian Federation.

Kubata hove kusiri pamutemo kana kuparadzwa kwemarudzi asingawanzo zvisikwa zvipenyu, kureva zvakanyorwa muRed Book. Muchiitiko ichi, Art. 258.1 yeCriminal Code yeRussian Federation, iyo inopa kutongwa kana kumanikidzwa kushanda kusvika kumaawa 480, kana kuvharirwa anosvika makore mana nefaindi inosvika miriyoni imwe rubles. Kuvhara reservoir kunorangwa nefaindi yekutonga ye4 - 1 rubles zvinoenderana neChinyorwa 500 cheCode of Administrative Offences.

mhedziso

Zvakakosha kuziva kwete chete nzira yekubata hove uye rudzi rwechiredzo, asiwo mutemo wekubata hove 2021, pamwe nekuchengetedza mabhiri matsva. Kuchinja kunoonekwa kazhinji. Kana zvisina kudaro, iwe unogona kumhanyira mumatambudziko, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakakomba zvikuru. Kuti urege kutyora mutemo, unofanirwa kuzviziva!