Mukati
Vanhu vazhinji nhasi havaoni furuwenza sechirwere chine ngozi, sezvo mushonga wekudzivirira wakagadzirwa uchirwisa, uye mafemasi anotengesa mishonga yakawanda inovimbisa "kubvisa zviratidzo zvedzihwa nefuruwenza" mumazuva mashoma. Asi chiitiko chinosuruvarisa chemazana emakore adarika, somuenzaniso, denda rinosanozivikanwa refuruwenza yeSpain, rinotiyeuchidza kuti iyi ihosha inonyengera, ine ngozi. Uye kune mishonga mishoma kwazvo inoshanda inogona kudzvanya hutachiona.1.
Nanhasi, furuu iyi ine ngozi nekuda kwematambudziko ayo. Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushanda dzekuzvidzivirira kubva kuhosha ndeyekubaiwa majekiseni nenguva.
Influenza vaccination munyika yedu inosanganisirwa muNational karenda yekudzivirira majekiseni2. Wese munhu anobaiwa gore rega rega, asi kune mamwe mapoka ayo aya anosungirwa. Ava ndivo vashandi vezvokurapa uye zvedzidzo masangano, zvifambiso, zveveruzhinji.
Kupi kuwana furuwenza muRussia
Vaccination inoitika mumakiriniki uye masangano ekurapa akazvimirira. Mushonga unopihwa intramuscularly kumusoro kweruoko.
Kazhinji, majekiseni anogadzirwa neRussia anopiwa mahara (apo akabayiwa mumakiriniki emunisiparati, pasi pemutemo weMHI), kana iwe uchida kuita wekune imwe nyika, imwe mubhadharo inogona kudiwa. Hapana chikonzero chekugadzirira nzira - chinhu chikuru ndechokuti hapana zviratidzo zvezvimwe zvirwere, kunyange kutonhora3.
MuRussia, vanhu vashoma vanobaiwa, kusvika 37% yehuwandu. Mune dzimwe nyika, mamiriro ezvinhu akati siyanei, somuenzaniso, muUnited States, inenge hafu yavagari vemo inobaiwa majekiseni efuruwenza.
Mushonga wefuruu unotora nguva yakareba sei
Kusadzivirirwa mushure mekupfurwa nefuruu kunogara kwenguva pfupi. Kazhinji inokwana mwaka mumwe chete - jekiseni rinotevera harichadziviriri kubva kune furuwenza. Chete mu20 - 40% yezviitiko, furuu yakapfurwa mwaka wapfuura ichabatsira. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusiyana kwepamusoro kwehutachiona mumasikirwo, inogara ichichinja. Naizvozvo, mushonga wepagore unoitwa, nepo chete majekiseni matsva emwaka uno anoshandiswa.4.
Ndeapi majekiseni efuruwenza muRussia?
Majekiseni ekutanga akagadzirwa kubva kumavhairasi asina kusimba, uye mamwe aive "mhenyu". Anenge ese emazuva ano efuruwenza majekiseni anogadzirwa kubva kumavhairasi "akaurayiwa". Mavhairasi efuruwenza anokura pahuku embryos, uye ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chezvinogona kuitika - nekuda kwekutsvaga kweprotein yehuku muhutano.
MuRussia, pane tsika yekusavimba nemishonga yemumba, inowanzotendwa kuti jekiseni yekunze iri nani. Asi huwandu hweavo vanobaiwa majekiseni emumba huri kuwedzera gore negore, ukuwo huwandu hwefuruwenza huri kudzikira. Izvi zvinoratidza kushanda kwepamusoro kwemishonga yekudzivirira mudzimba, iyo isina kusiyana nevatorwa.
Mumwaka wechirimo-yekuvhuvhuta, masangano ekurapa anogamuchira majekiseni kubva kuRussia uye kune dzimwe nyika makambani emishonga. MuRussia, mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa: Sovigripp, Ultrix, Flu-M, Ultrix Quardi, Vaxigrip, Grippol, Grippol plus, Influvak. Pakazara, majekiseni ekudzivirira akadai anosvika gumi nemaviri akanyoreswa.
Pane humbowo hwekuti mamwe majekiseni ekudzivirira furuwenza haasi kuendeswa kuRussia mwaka uno (iyi Vaxigrip / Influvak).
Kuumbwa kwemishonga yekudzivirira kunoshanduka gore negore. Izvi zvinoitirwa kudzivirira zvakanyanya kubva kuhutachiona hwefuruu hwakashanduka gore rose. World Health Organisation inofanotaura kuti ndeupi rudzi rwehutachiona hwefuruwenza hunotarisirwa mwaka uno. Majekiseni matsva anogadzirwa zvichibva pane iyi data, saka gore rega rega rinogona kunge rakasiyana.5.
Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira
Iye achakuudza nezvese kuomarara kwekugadzirwa kwejekiseni uye kuchengetedzeka kwavo вRach-therapist, gastroenterologist Marina Malygina.
Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hutsva, maitiro akashata kumushonga wefuruu ari kuramba achidzikira. Semuenzaniso, mukupera kwe70s, panguva yekugadzirwa kwechirwere, hutachiona hwakaurayiwa, zvishoma "kucheneswa" uye zvichibva pairi, iyo inonzi inonzi whole-virion vaccine yakagadzirwa. Nhasi, masayendisiti anonzwisisa kuti hutachiona hwese hahuchadiwi, mapuroteni mashomanana akakwana, iyo mhinduro yekudzivirira inoumbwa mumuviri. Nokudaro, pakutanga hutachiona hunoparadzwa uye zvinhu zvose zvakanyanyisa zvinobviswa, zvichisiya chete mapuroteni anodiwa anokonzera kuumbwa kwekudzivirira kurwisana nefuruwenza. Muviri panguva imwechete unovaona sehutachiona chaihwo. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nejekiseni yechizvarwa chechina. Mushonga wakadaro unogona kushandiswa kunyange kune avo vane allergic, kusanganisira kuprotein yehuku. Iyo tekinoroji yakaunzwa kusvika padanho rekuti zviri mukati mehuku protein mujekiseni hazvigoneke kuona.
Ikoko kunogona kuva nekuita zvishoma kwenharaunda kune jekiseni, tsvuku, dzimwe nguva kutonhora kunokwira zvishoma, uye musoro unooneka. Asi kunyange kuita kwakadaro hakuwanzoitiki - inenge 3% yevose vanodzivirira.
Kunyangwe mushure mekubvumidzwa kwejekiseni kuti rishandiswe mukubaya kwevanhu, vezvehutano vanoramba vachitarisa kunaka uye kuchengetedzwa kwayo. Iwo akasarudzika masangano eBazi rezvehutano reRussia anogara achitarisa mashandiro ejekiseni rinogadzirwa.
Munguva yese yekugadzira vaccine kutenderera, zvingangoita mazana mana zvidzoreso zvemidziyo, midhiya, mhando yepakati uye zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvinoitwa. Bhizinesi rega rega rine rabhoritari yekudzora, iyo yakaparadzana nekugadzirwa uye inoshanda yakazvimirira.
Vagadziri uye vatengesi vanotarisawo kutevedza kwakasimba nemitemo yekuchengetedza nekutakura majekiseni, kureva, kuve nechokwadi chemamiriro ezvinhu anonzi "cold chain".
Zvitubu zve:
- Orlova NV Flu. Kuongororwa, zano rekusarudza antiviral zvinodhaka // MS. 2017. Nhamba 20. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gripp-diagnostika-strategiya-vybora-protivovirusnyh-preparatov
- Appendix N 1. Karenda yenyika yekudzivirira majekiseni
- Ruzivo rweFederal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection uye Human Welfare yaGunyana 20, 2021 "Pafuruwenza uye matanho ekudzivirira" https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/402715964/
- Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection uye Human Welfare. Nezvekudzivirira kwefuruwenza mumibvunzo nemhinduro. https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/info/news/news_details.php?ELEMENT_ID=15586
- Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection uye Human Welfare. Zvinokurudzira zveRospotrebnadzor kune huwandu hwevanhu pakudzivirira https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/zika/recomendation.php