Ina-bladed starfish (Geastrum quadrifidum) mufananidzo uye tsananguro

Four-bladed starfish (Geastrum quadrifidum)

• Nyeredzi yechina-chikamu
• Geastrum ina-lobed

• Nyeredzi yechina-chikamu
• Geastrum ina-lobed
• Nyeredzi yepasi ina-bladed

tsananguro

Mitumbi inobereka michero inotanga yakavharwa, spherical, inenge 2 cm muhupamhi, yakafukidzwa neperidium, pamusoro pepamusoro pese iyo mycelial tambo dziripo; yakakura - yakavhurwa, 3-5 cm mudhayamita. Iyo peridium ine-layered ina, inosanganisira exoperidium uye endoperidium. Iyo exoperidium iri muchimiro chemukombe, matatu-layer kana maviri-layer, yakasimba, yakabvamburwa kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi kusvika pakati kuita 4 isina kuenzana, yakanongedza zvikamu (blades), inokotama, uye miviri inobereka inosimuka palobes. , sepa "makumbo". Iyo yekunze mycelial layer ine chena, inofefetera, yakafukidzwa nevhu, uye nekukurumidza inonyangarika. Iyo yepakati fibrous layer ichena kana isabella, yakatsetseka. Mukati wenyama wemukati wakachena, wakabvarurwawo muzvikamu zvina, uchizorora nemigumo yakapinza pamigumo yakapinza yelobes yekunze, uye nokukurumidza inonyangarika. Nheyo yacho ndeye convex. Pakati inosimuka pamwe chete nechikamu chemukati chemuviri we fruiting - gleba. Spherical or oval (ovoid) gleba yakafukidzwa ne endoperidium, 4-0,9 cm kureba uye 1,3-0,7 cm paupamhi. Pachigadziko chine tsvina yakatsetseka, pamusoro peiyo endoperidium yakamanikana uye yakanyatsoratidzwa yakatenderedzwa protrusion (apophysis) inoumbwa, kumusoro inovhura negomba, iro rakashongedzerwa ne low peristome. Iyo peristome ine-cone-shaped, fibrous, ine chivanze chakanyanya kuganhurirwa, zvakanaka fibrous-ciliate, iyo yakapoteredza pane mhete yakajeka. Gumbo rakaita cylindrical kana kuti rakati sandarara, 1,2-1,5 mm kureba uye 2 mm gobvu, jena. Iyo column yakaita sedonje, yakatsvuka-grey muchikamu, 3-4 mm kureba. Exoperidium yaro inowanzobvaruka kuita 6, zvishoma kazhinji mu 4-4 isina kuenzana yakanongedza lobes, ichikotama pasi, ndicho chikonzero muviri wose we fruiting uchisimuka pamakumbo, sekunge pamakumbo.

Gumbo (mupfungwa yechinyakare) haripo.

Gleba kana yaibva hupfu, dema-ruvara rwepepuru kusvika kushava. Spores dzine brown, chiedza kana rima.

Kana dzadzvinyirirwa, mhuno inopararira kumativi ose. Spores ane olive brown.

NGUVA YEKUGARA NEKUKURA

Iyo mana-lobed starfish inokura zvakanyanya pavhu rejecha mune deciduous, yakavhenganiswa uye coniferous - pine, spruce, pine-spruce uye spruce-yakafara-yakasiiwa masango (pakati petsono dzakawa), dzimwe nguva mune yakasiiwa anthills - kubva munaAugust kusvika munaOctober, zvisingawanzoitiki. Yakanyorwa muNyika Yedu (chikamu cheEurope, Caucasus uye Eastern Siberia), Europe neNorth America. Takaiwana kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSt. Petersburg musango rakavhenganiswa (birch uye spruce) pasi pe spruce yekare pane tsono mukutanga kwaOctober (howa yakakura semhuri).

KAMBIRI

Iyo four-lobed starfish yakasiyana zvikuru nechitarisiko uye yakasiyana zvikuru nehowa hwemamwe genera nemhuri. Inotaridzika semamwe nyeredzi, semuenzaniso, iyo arched starfish (Geastrum fornicatum), iyo exoperidium inotsemuka kuita zvidimbu zviviri: yekunze ine 4-5 pfupi, blunt lobes uye yemukati, convex pakati, zvakare ine 4-5 lobes; paGeastrum korona (Geastrum coronatum) ine dehwe, yakatsetseka exoperidium, inotsemuka kuita 7-10 grey-brown inonongedza lobes; paGeastrum fimbriatum ine exoperidium, iyo yakabvaruka kusvika hafu kana 2/3 - mu 5-10 (kashoma kusvika ku15) isina kuenzana lobes; paStarfish mitsetse (G. striatum) ine exoperidium, yakabvamburwa kuita 6-9 lobes, uye light gray gleba; paShmiel's Starfish duku (G. schmidelii) ine exoperidium ichiita 5-8 lobes, uye gleba ine mhuno yakaita semuromo, mirefu, ine mitsetse; paGeastrum triplex ine buri rine fibrous pamusoro pegrey-brown gleba.

Inovharirwa kune ivhu remasango ane deciduous uye coniferous.