Mukati
- -Tinogona kutaura nezve dzidziso yevakadzi kana kuti titaure nezvezvidzidzo zvevakadzi?
- - Ndedzipi nyaya dzinogadziriswa nebasa iri?
- Vamwe vanotanga danho iri kuna Simone De Beauvoir's "mumwe haana kuzvarwa ari mukadzi, mumwe anova mumwe". Unofungei?
- Pane here vaongorori vanotsanangura kuti kuzivikanwa kwevakadzi ndeyekushamwaridzana chete uye isu tinofunga kuti izvi zvazvino zvingave maonero kusvika kumagumo ebasa pamusoro pevakadzi?
- Chii chakaunza neurobiology kushanda pamurume?
- Vincent Peillon haana kukanganisa here pakutsanangura kuti akanga asingafariri dzidziso yevakadzi uye kuti maABCD akanga asina chokuita nazvo?
Iyo yekupedzisira edition yeManif pour Tous neSvondo Kukadzi 2 yakaiita imwe yemabhiza ayo ehondo: Kwete kune gender theory. Mazuva mashoma apfuura, boka re "Zuva rekusiya chikoro" raivewo nechinangwa chekuti dzidziso iyi yevakadzi yaifanira kunge yakahwandira kuseri kwechishandiso "ABCD yekuenzana". Anne-Emmanuelle Berger, nyanzvi munyaya dzezvechikadzi, anoyeuka chokwadi chekuti hapana dzidziso asi zvidzidzo pamibvunzo iyi. Pamusoro pazvose, anosimbisa kuti tsvakiridzo iyi haina chinangwa chekusakendenga pabonde asi chinongedzo chiri pakati pebonde rekubereka uye magariro akasiyana.
-Tinogona kutaura nezve dzidziso yevakadzi kana kuti titaure nezvezvidzidzo zvevakadzi?
Hakuna chinhu chinonzi dzidziso. Kune nzvimbo yakakura yezvidzidzo zvesainzi, zvidzidzo zvevakadzi, izvo zvakavhurwa makore makumi mana apfuura muyunivhesiti yekuMadokero, uye inotangira kubva kubiology kusvika kuhunyanzvi kuburikidza neanthropology, sociology, nhoroondo, psychology, sainzi yezvematongerwo enyika, mabhuku, mutemo nezvimwe. . Nhasi, zvidzidzo zvevakadzi zviripo muzvidzidzo zvese. Basa rose rinoitwa mundima iyi harina chinangwa chekutaura "dzidziso", kunyange zvishoma A dzidziso, asi pakupfumisa ruzivo uye tsananguro yekupatsanurwa kwevanhukadzi nevarume, kwehukama pakati pevarume nevakadzi, uye zvehukama hwavo. kusabatwa kwakaenzana, munharaunda yese, masangano, eras, hurukuro uye zvinyorwa. Takaona kuti zvakajairika, kweanoda kusvika zana remakore nehafu, kushanda panhoroondo yemapoka evanhu, bumbiro ravo remitemo, kunetsana kwavo, kuchinja kwavo. Saizvozvovo, zviri pamutemo uye zvinobatsira kuti nyika inzwisise kuti hukama pakati pevakadzi nevarume mukati menguva netsika ive nyaya yekuferefetwa kwesainzi.
- Ndedzipi nyaya dzinogadziriswa nebasa iri?
Inzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yekuongorora. Isu tinotanga kubva pachokwadi chekuti pakati pehunhu hwehupenyu hune chekuita nebonde (chromosomes, gonads, mahormone, anatomy) uye mabasa emagariro, hapana hukama hwakakosha. Hapana hunhu hwehomoni, hapana kugoverwa kwemakromosomes kunoendesa vakadzi kumabasa epamba uye varume kune manejimendi eruzhinji. Nokudaro, semuenzaniso, mukati mezvidzidzo zvevakadzi, tinodzidza nhoroondo yekuparadzanisa pakati pezvematongerwo enyika uye edzimba, dzidziso yaro naAristotle, nzira iyo yakaratidza nhoroondo yezvematongerwo enyika yekuMadokero, kana isiri nyika, nemigumisiro yaro yevanhu. zvevakadzi nevarume. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare, vazivi, masayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika, anthropologists vanoshanda pamwe chete pamubvunzo uyu, vanobatanidza data yavo uye kuongorora kwavo. Saizvozvo, hapana hukama hunodiwa pakati pebonde rekuzvarwa uye kutorwa kwehunhu hwechikadzi kana murume kana kuzivikanwa, sezvinoonekwa mune akati wandei. Munhu mumwe nomumwe ane anonzi "chikadzi" uye "chirume" maitiro, muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Psychology inogona kutaura zvinhu pamusoro payo uye, chaizvoizvo, psychoanalysis yave ichifarira kuunza mukutamba kwechikadzi uye chirume muhukama hunobata uye hune rudo kwemakore anopfuura zana.
Vamwe vanotanga danho iri kuna Simone De Beauvoir's "mumwe haana kuzvarwa ari mukadzi, mumwe anova mumwe". Unofungei?
Bonde reChipiri raSimone de Beauvoir rakaita basa rekutanga mukuvhura iyi ndima yekudzidza muFrance neUnited States. Asi maonero aSimone de Beauvoir haasi epakutanga (tinowana maumbirwo akafanana muFreud kubva kumaXNUMX), uye asina kupokana mukati mezvidzidzo zvevakadzi izvo, senge chero chikamu chesainzi, chisina homogeneous, uye chinopa nzvimbo mumagakava mazhinji emukati. Uyezve, isu hatigone kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nemutsara uyu kunze kwechirevo chayo. Beauvoir haatauri, hongu, kuti munhu haana kuberekwa "mukadzi", uye, chaizvoizvo, anoshandisa nguva refu kuongorora kune biological uye anatomical maitiro emuviri wemukadzi. Zvaanotaura ndezvekuti hunhu hwebhaibheri uhu hahutsananguri kana kupembedza kusaenzana mumarapirwo anotarisana nemadzimai. Muchokwadi, kuyedza kwekutanga kuratidza mutsauko pakati pebonde rekubereka uye murume ane makore makumi matanhatu. Ivo vanachiremba vekuAmerica vari kushanda pachiitiko che hermaphroditism (iyo chokwadi chekuzvarwa nehunhu hwepabonde hwevaviri murume nemukadzi) uye transsexualism (iyo chokwadi chekuzvarwa murume kana mukadzi asi uchirarama sewemurume kana murume unosiyana kubva kune yekuzvarwa) iyo yakapa yekutanga theorizations mune ino ndima. Vanachiremba ava vakanga vasingapikisi hurumende kana kuti vanhukadzi. Vakatanga kubva pakuona kwekiriniki kuti pakanga pasina hazvo kusawirirana pakati pebonde uye murume kana mukadzi muvanhu. Isu tose tinoita mutsauko pakati pebonde uye murume kana mukadzi nenzira yakajairika uye isina-dzidziso. Apo patinotaura nezvemusikana kuti anozvibata mukuremekedza kwakadaro uye kwakadai semukomana, uye zvakasiyana, tinocherechedza zvakajeka kusiyana kwepabonde remunhu uyu uye maitiro ake. Zvese izvi zvinoratidza kuti chirevo chekusangana pakati pebonde uye murume kana murume, kana kunyangwe kugovaniswa kwevanhu pabonde muvarume vaviri, hakuna kukwana kuverengera kuoma kwevanhu. Iko pfungwa isina ruzivo inopa mhinduro dzakareruka uye dzisina kukwana, zvidzidzo zvevakadzi zvinopa zvakanyanya kuoma uye kwakaringana maumbirwo ezvese zviitiko izvi. Ibasa resainzi kusaburitsa pfungwa.
Kune vaongorori vanopokana nepfungwa yekuti izvo zvatinowanzodaidza se "bonde" iboka rinongoenderana nemaitiro emuviri. Muchokwadi, kana tichitaura nezve "vanhurume vaviri" kuratidza vakadzi nevarume, tinoita sekunge vanhu vakazvideredza kuhunhu hwavo hwepabonde uye isu tinoti hunhu uhu hunowanikwa hunhu hwemagariro netsika. . Izvo zvinopesana nemhedzisiro uye kushandiswa kwemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika kwekuderedzwa uku kusiririsa uko vaongorori vari kushanda. Vanodavira nenzira yakarurama kuti icho chatinoti “mutsauko wevatano” kazhinji kazhinji chinobva mumisiyano isina hwaro mune zvipenyu. Uye ndizvo zvavari kunyevera pamusoro pazvo. Pfungwa iyi haisi yekuramba kuti kune biological sex misiyano kana physiological asymmetry mukubereka. Uri mubvunzo wekuratidza kuti tinotora, mukutonga kwedu uye mabatiro atinoita mibvunzo iyi, misiyano ine chekuita nehukadzi (uye nekudaro nechinzvimbo chevakadzi nevarume munharaunda netsika) kune misiyano yechisikigo.. Ndiyo misiyano yevarume iyi iyo vamwe vaongorori vangada kuona ichinyangarika. Asi nhaurirano ine upenyu, mukati mezvidzidzo zvevakadzi, munzira iyo biology netsika zvinodyidzana, kana pamhedzisiro inogadzirwa matiri nekutya misiyano yemuviri, tichiziva zvakare kuti isu tiri kuona nhasi kuti biology pachayo inotapukirwa. kushandurudzo.
Chii chakaunza neurobiology kushanda pamurume?
Kunyatso, nebasa rehuropi uye uropi hwepurasitiki, tinogona kuratidza, kutanga kune zvese, kuti hapana misiyano yakakosha pakati pehuropi hwevarume nehuropi hwevakadzi, zvekuti vakadzi vangave vasina kukodzera kumunda wakadaro kana kubudirira kwakadaro, uye saizvozvo, kwezana ramakore, naizvozvo kubvira pakuwana kwevakadzi kunhanho dzose dzedzidzo, takaona kuputika kusati kwamboitika kweunyanzvi hwavo muzvikamu zveunyanzvi nesainzi; uye pamusoro pezvose tiri muchirongwa chekuratidza kuti hapana hunhu husingachinji hwehuropi. Kana tsika dzevanhu dzichigara dzichichinja, uye pamwe nadzo mabasa echikadzi, uropi hunogonawo kushandurwa. Huropi hunodzora kuita kwechisikwa chose, izvi zvinoreva kuti hatigone kungotora mukana wechimiro chevakadzi nevarume. Iyo yekupedzisira haina kugadzikwa mukuratidzwa kwayo uye haina kuomarara yakakamurwa kuita miviri miviri. Iko hakuna biological determinism mupfungwa iyi.
Vincent Peillon haana kukanganisa here pakutsanangura kuti akanga asingafariri dzidziso yevakadzi uye kuti maABCD akanga asina chokuita nazvo?
Sumo yeDeclaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen ya1789 inoti kuti tideredze rusaruro, tinofanira kuderedza kusaziva. Izvi ndizvo zvazvinoita neABCD yekuenzana. Sayenzi, chero zvazvingava, inotanga nekubvunza mibvunzo. Kubvunza mibvunzo nezve stereotypes iri kure nekukwana, asi idanho rekuenda ikoko. Pandinonzwa mwanasikana wangu, mudzidzi wepakoreji ane makore 14 okukura, anoshamisika kuti kutukwa kunoitwa nevakomana pachivanze chechikoro nguva dzose kwakanangana naamai (“kurova amai vako” nezvakasiyana) uye haambofi vanababa, semuenzaniso, kana vadzidzisi vechikoro, kuti unzwisise musiyano uripo pakati pezita rinozivikanwa nezita chairo, kumbira vadzidzi vavo kuti vape mazita e“varume vane mukurumbira”, Ndinozviudza kuti, hongu, kune basa rokuita kuchikoro, uye kuti unofanira kutanga nokukurumidza. Kana ari Vincent Peillon, kukanganisa kwaakaita kwaiva kubvuma pfungwa yokuti kune "dzidziso" yehutano, nekuzivisa kupikisa kwake. Sezviri pachena, iye pachake haazivi kupfuma uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvebasa mundima iyi.