Zvakakodzera zvakare kufunga zvine mutsindo zvese zvakanakira nezvayakaipira zve genetic modification. Cons, hongu, zvakawanda. Mumwe anogona kungofungidzira: izvo zvinoshamisa zvakawanikwa mubiotechnology uye genetics zvichatishamisa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Zvinoita sekuti sainzi pakupedzisira inokwanisa kugadzirisa dambudziko renzara, kugadzira mishonga mitsva, kushandura hwaro chaihwo hwekurima, chikafu uye maindasitiri ekurapa. Mushure mezvose, kusarudzwa kwechinyakare, uko kwave kuripo kwezviuru zvemakore, inzira inononoka uye yakaoma, uye mikana yekuyambuka intraspecific ishoma. Ko vanhu vane nguva yekuenderera mberi nenhanho dzehozhwa dzakadai here? Huwandu hwePasi huri kukura, uyezve kune kudziya kwepasirese, mukana wekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze akapinza, kushomeka kwemvura.
hope dzakanaka
Chiremba akanaka Aibolit, ari murabhoritari yezana remakore reXXI, ari kutigadzirira ruponeso! Akashongedzerwa nemamicroscopes echizvarwa chazvino, pasi pemarambi e-neon, anorovera pamusoro peflasks uye test tubes. Uye hezvinoi: matomatisi ane genetically modified, ane hutano akaenzana neakapfuma pilaf, wedzera pamwero unoshamisa munzvimbo dzakaoma dzeAfghanistan.
America haichadonhedze mabhomba munyika dzine hurombo uye dzine hukasha. Iye zvino ari kudonhedza mbeu dzeGM kubva mundege. Ndege dzinoverengeka dzakakwana kushandura chero nzvimbo kuita bindu rine zvibereko.
Uye zvakadini nezvinomera zvinotipa huni kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira uye zvinodiwa? Panguva imwecheteyo, hapana kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, hapana zvirimwa nemafekitari. Ndakadyara makwenzi emaruva mubindu rekumberi kana mubhedha wemadaisies ari kukura nekukurumidza, uye mangwanani ega ega unosvina biofuel kubva mazviri.
Imwe purojekiti inoshamisa ndeyekugadzirwa kwerudzi rwemiti yakakosha, yakarodzwa kuti iite simbi inorema uye humwe hutsvina hwakasiyana kubva mumhepo nevhu. Iwe unodyara mukoto padivi peimwe yaimbova makemikari chirimwa - uye iwe unogona kuseta nzvimbo yekutamba padyo.
Uye muHong Kong vakatogadzira mhando inoshamisa yehove kuti vaone kusvibiswa kwemvura. Hove dzinotanga kupenya nemavara akasiyana zvichienderana nekuti miviri yadzo inonzwa sei mumvura.
Kubudirira
Uye hazvisi zviroto chete. Mamirioni avanhu ave kwenguva refu achishandisa mishonga inogadzirwa nemavara okugara nhaka: insulin, interferon, jekiseni rekudzivirira hepatitis B, kungodudza zvishomanana.
Rudzi rwevanhu rwasvika pedyo nemutsara, rwayambuka ruchakwanisa kuzvimiririra kuronga kwete chete kushanduka kwezvirimwa nemhuka, asiwo zvayo.
Tinogona kushandisa zvipenyu sezvinhu—mafuta, matombo, uye zvichingodaro—nenzira imwe cheteyo iyo makambani aishandisa munguva yeindasitiri.
Tinogona kukunda zvirwere, urombo, nzara.
chokwadi
Zvinosuruvarisa, sechinhu chipi nechipi chakaoma, kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zveGM kune zvayo zvisingafadzi mativi. Nyaya yekuzviuraya kwakawanda kwevarimi veIndia vakashaya mari mushure mekutenga mbeu dzeGM kubva kuTNC Monsanto inozivikanwa kwazvo.
Zvino zvakazoitika kuti manenji matekinoroji haangotakuri chero zvakanakira hupfumi, asi kazhinji haana kukodzera mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo. Mukuwedzera kune izvi, zvakanga zvisina maturo kuchengetedza mbeu dzegore rinotevera, hadzina kumera. Vaive vekambani uye, semamwe "basa" ripi neripi, vaifanira kutengwazve kubva kumuridzi wepa patent. Fetereza dzaigadzirwa nekambani imwe chete iyi dzakabatanidzwawo pambeu idzi. Vaidyawo mari, uye pasina ivo mbeu dzaisashanda. Somugumisiro, zviuru zvevanhu zvakatanga kupinda muchikwereti, ndokuzoparara, zvakarasikirwa nenyika yavo, uye zvino vakanwa mishonga yeMonsanto, vachizviuraya.
Zvinogoneka kuti nyaya iyi ndeye nyika dzine urombo uye dziri kure. Zvingangodaro, hupenyu hausi shuga ipapo kunyange pasina zvigadzirwa zveGM. Munyika dzakabudirira, dzine vanhu vakadzidza, ine hurumende inochengetedza zvido zvevagari vayo, izvi hazvigoni kuitika.
Kana ukaenda kune imwe yemabhishopu anodhura ari mudhorobha reManhattan (sechikafu Chese) kana musika wevarimi muUnion Square muNew York, unozozviwana uri pakati pevanhu vechidiki vanokodzera vane ruvara rwakanaka. Pamusika wevarimi, vanosarudza maapuro madiki, akasvava anodhura zvakapetwa kanoverengeka kupfuura maapuro akanaka esaizi imwe chete muchitoro chenguva dzose. Pamabhokisi ese, zvirongo, mapakeji, zvinyorwa zvakakura zvinoratidzira: "bio", "haina zvikamu zveGM", "haina sirasi yechibage" zvichingodaro.
MuUpper Manhattan, muzvitoro zvakachipa kana kuti munzvimbo inogara varombo, pasuru yezvokudya yakasiyana zvikuru. Mazhinji mapakeji anonyarara nezvekwaakabva, asi nekuzvikudza anoti: "Iye zvino 30% yakawanda pamari imwe chete."
Pakati pevanotenga zvitoro zvakachipa, ruzhinji vanhu vakafuta zvinorwadza. Iwe unogona, hongu, kufunga kuti "vanodya senguruve, kana iwe ukadya bio-maapuro muhuwandu hwakadaro, iwe hauzove mutete futi." Asi iyi ipfungwa yekufungidzira.
Zvokudya zveGM zvinodyiwa nevarombo muAmerica nepasirese. MuEurope, kugadzirwa uye kugoverwa kwezvigadzirwa zveGM kune zvishoma, uye zvigadzirwa zvese zvine zvinopfuura 1% GM zvinosungirwa kunyorwa. Uye iwe unoziva, zvinoshamisa, kune vashoma vashoma vanhu vane mafuta muEurope, kunyange munzvimbo dzine urombo.
Ndiani anoda zvose izvi?
Saka aripi madomasi akasvibira nemaapuro ese evhitamini? Nei vapfumi netsvarakadenga vachifarira zvinhu zvinobva mubindu chairo, nepo varombo vachipiwa “zvichangobva kuitwa”? Hakusati kwava nezvokudya zvakawanda zveGM munyika. Soya bhinzi, chibage, donje, uye mbatatisi zvakatangwa mukugadzirwa kukuru kwekutengesa.
Heino rondedzero yezvimiro zveGM soy:
1. Chigadzirwa cheGM chinodzivirirwa kubva kune zvipembenene nejene rekudzivirira tupukanana. Kambani yeMonsanta, iyo inotengesa mbeu dzeGM pamwe chete nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, yakagadzirira mbeu yezvishamiso nekukwanisa kutsungirira "kurwisa kwemakemikari" inouraya zvimwe zvose zvinomera. Nekuda kwekufamba kwehungwaru kwekutengeserana uku, vanokwanisa kutengesa zvese zviri zviviri mbeu nezvinomera.
Saka avo vanofunga kuti GM zvinomera hazvidi kurapwa kweminda nemishonga yezvipembenene vari kukanganisa.
2. Mhodzi dzeGM dzine patented. Vachiramba kuchengetedza mbeu dzavo, varimi (kana nyika dzese) vanotenga mbeu kubva kukambani yakazvimirira muindasitiri iyo yasvika padanho repamusoro rekutonga. Zviri nani kuti usatombofunga nezve zvingangoitika kana kambani ine mbeu kana zvibvumirano zvikaita zvakaipa, mapenzi, kana kungoita vatungamiriri vasina rombo rakanaka. Chero dystopia ichaita sengano dzevana. Inyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu.
3. Pamwe chete nejini rehumwe hunhu hwakakosha, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvetekinoroji, majeneni ekudzivirira maantibiotic akaparadzaniswa kubva kubhakitiriya anotamiswa muchirimwa. Kune maonero akasiyana pamusoro pengozi yekuve nejini rakadaro muzvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa kudyiwa nevanhu.
Pano tasvika kumubvunzo mukuru. Nei ndichifanira kuisa pangozi zvachose? Kunyange zvishoma? Hapana chimwe chezviri pamusoro chinondiunza ini pachangu semutengi wekupedzisira wechigadzirwa chero migove. Kwete chete mavhitamini anoshamisa kana zvinovaka muviri zvisingawanzo, asi chimwe chinhu chisingakoshi, sekuwedzera flavour.
Zvino pamwe zvikafu zveGM zvine pundutso isingaperi kubva pakuona kwehupfumi uye varimi vemazuva ano vanotungamira hupenyu hwakasununguka hwemabhangi mabharani? Kunyange zvazvo GM soy yavo inorwisana nemasora pachayo uye inobereka zvibereko zvinoshamisa, vanopedza maawa anofadza mumadziva uye gyms?
Argentina ndeimwe yenyika dzakashinga uye kare dzakapinda muGM reform yekurima. Ko sei tisinganzwe nezvebudiriro yevarimi vavo kana budiriro yeupfumi hwenyika? Panguva imwecheteyo, Europe, iyo inogara ichiisa zvirambidzo zvakanyanya pakugovaniswa kwezvigadzirwa zveGM, inonetsekana nekuwanda kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima.
Kutaura pamusoro pemari-inobudirira yezvigadzirwa zveGM muUnited States, munhu haafaniri kukanganwa kuti varimi veAmerica vanowana rubatsiro rwakakura kubva kuhurumende yavo. Uye kwete chero chinhu, asi kune marudzi eGM, mbeu uye mafetireza ayo anotengeswa nemakambani makuru ebiotech.
Sei isu, semutengi, tichifanira kutsigira kugadzirwa uye kugoverwa kwezvigadzirwa zveGM zvisingaunzi chero rubatsiro, asi zviri pachena kuisa misika yezvokudya zvepasi pasi pekutonga kweGiant TNCs?
Veruzhinji maonero
Kana iwe Google "GM foods" iwe uchawana rurefu runyoro rwezvinongedzo kumakakatanwa pakati pevatsigiri vavo nevadzivisi.
Nharo dze” tarisa kune zvinotevera:
"Chii, unoda kumisa kufambira mberi kwesainzi?"
- Kusvika ikozvino, hapana chinhu chinokuvadza chakawanikwa muzvokudya zveGM, uye hapana chinhu chakadaro chakachengeteka zvachose.
- Unoda kudya mishonga yezvipembenene yakadirwa pamakarotsi nhasi? GM mukana wekubvisa mishonga yezvipembenene nesora zvinotipa muchetura isu nevhu.
Makambani anoziva zvaari kuita. Hakuna mapenzi anoshanda ikoko. Musika uchachengeta zvese.
- Greens uye vamwe vanoita zvemagariro vanozivikanwa nekupusa kwavo uye kupusa. Zvingava zvakanaka kuvarambidza.
Nharo idzi dzinogona kupfupikiswa sedzezvematongerwo enyika-zvehupfumi. Vagari vanokokwa kuti vanyarare uye varege kubvunza mibvunzo yakawandisa nepo nyanzvi kubva kuTNCs uye ruoko rusingaoneki rwemusika vanoronga kufambira mberi uye budiriro yakatitenderedza.
Munyori ane mukurumbira wekuAmerica Jeremy Riffkin, munyori webhuku The Biotech Century: Harnessing the Gene and Remaking the World, yakatsaurirwa kubiotechnology, anotenda kuti matekinoroji eGM anogona kuunza vanhu kuponeswa kubva munhamo uye mazhinji matsva. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nekuti ndiani uye nechinangwa chei aya matekinoroji anogadzirwa. Hurongwa hwemutemo mukati umo makambani emazuva ano ebiotech aripo, kutaura zvishoma, chinhu chinonetsa zvikuru.
Uye chero ichi chiri chokwadi, chero vagari vasingakwanisi kuisa zviitiko zveTNCs pasi pehutongi hweveruzhinji, chero zvisingakwanisi kuronga kuongororwa kwakakura uye kwakazvimiririra kwezvigadzirwa zveGM, kudzima patent yezvipenyu, kugoverwa kwezvigadzirwa zveGM kunofanirwa kumiswa.
Zvichakadaro, regai masayendisiti awane zvinoshamisa zvinowanikwa mumarabhoritari ehurumende. Zvichida ivo vachakwanisa kugadzira zvese zvekusingaperi tomate uye rose remashiripiti richava revagari vese vePasi. Gadzira chinangwa chekubudirira kwevanhu, kwete purofiti.