Masero makuru echiropa, hepatocytes anoita nhamba huru yemabasa anokosha: kusefa kweropa, kubviswa kwehupfu, kuchengetedza uye synthesis yeshuga, nezvimwewo.

Ruzhinji rwechiropa chine hepatocytes yakarongeka mune spans, pakati peiyo inotenderera ropa capillaries uye biliary kupisa mafungu. Chokwadi mafekitori ebiochemical, masero aya anogona saka zvese kubata chepfu inotenderera muropa uye kubvisa tsvina iyi mubile. Asi iri harisi basa ravo chete, sezvo vachichengeta uye kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha kumuviri: glucose, triglycerin, albumin, bile munyu, nezvimwe.

Pasina kushanda hepatocytes, hupenyu hwemuviri hahupfuuri maawa mashomanana. Aya maseru ane mabasa mazhinji akakosha, anosanganisira:

• lkudzora shuga muropa : muchiitiko che hyperglycemia, pancreas inobudisa insulini, iyo ichaita kuti kutora uye kuchengetwa kweglucose yeropa nehepatocytes. Kusiyana neizvi, muchiitiko che hypoglycemia, inobvisa glucagon, kukurudzira hepatocytes kusunungura simba iri muropa;
• ropa detoxification : hepatocytes inobvisa ropa rehupfu (doro, zvinodhaka, zvinodhaka, nezvimwewo), zvino uzvibudise ne bile; 
• kubuda kwebile iyo, yakachengetwa mu gallbladder, ichabudiswa mumatumbo panguva yekudya. Ichi chinhu chine zvose tsvina yakabviswa muropa uye bile acids, inokwanisa kuputsa lipids inopinzwa nechikafu mu triglycerides, imwe "mafuta" emuviri;
• iyo synthesis ye triglycerides kubva shuga uye doro. Aya ndiwo mamwe mafuta acids sezvataurwa pamusoro apa. Kufanana navo, ivo saka vanotakurwa neropa kumasero anovada (tsandanyama, nezvimwewo) kana kuchengetwa mune adipose tissue;
• kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinovhara, kureva mapuroteni anobatanidzwa mukugwamba kweropa.

Hepatic steatosis

Iko kuunganidzwa kwe triglycerides muhepatocytes. Iyi pathology inogona kuguma nekunwa doro zvakanyanya asiwo - uye zvinowanzoitika - zvinokura muvarwere vasinganwi asi vakafuta kana vane Type 2 chirwere cheshuga. isiri-doro fatty chiropa chirwere (NAFLD).

Hepatic steatosis inoramba isina zviratidzo kwenguva yakareba isati yakonzera hepatitis. Iyi ndiyo mhinduro yekuzvimba iyo inowanzo tungamira mukuwanikwa kweiyo pathology.

chiropa

Kuzvimba kwechiropa, hepatitis inogona kukonzerwa nehosha yemafuta echiropa, asiwo nehutachiona hunowedzera muhepatocytes (utachiona hwehepatitis A, B kana C), nekudhakwa nezvinodhaka, nekusangana nechigadzirwa chine muchetura kana, kazhinji kacho. autoimmune chirwere.

Zviratidzo zvinosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune imwe nyaya kune imwe kesi: 

• kupindwa nechando;
• kurasikirwa nechido .
• manyoka;
• nausea;
• kusagadzikana mudumbu;
• jaundice;
• etc.

Vanogona kuva vakapfava kana kuomarara, voenda voga, kana kuramba. Hepatitis C, semuenzaniso, inova isingaperi mu80% yezviitiko, nepo hepatitis A inogona kugadzirisa yega. Utachiona hunogonawo kuenda husingaonekwe, uye hunoonekwa chete mushure mekunge hwaenda ku cirrhosis kana cancer.

Cirrhosis

Kana kuzvimba kwavo kusingaperi kusingatarisirwi, hepatocytes inoguma yafa imwe mushure meimwe. Chiropa chinobva charasikirwa nemabasa acho zvishoma nezvishoma.

Iko kutaridzika kweimwe kana mamwe matambudziko anowanzo tungamira mukuwanikwa kwe cirrhosis: digestive hemorrhage, ascites (abdominal distension yakabatana nekuunganidzwa kwemvura mu peritoneal cavity), jaundice (jaundice yeganda uye chena yeziso, weti yakasviba), cancer, nezvimwe.

Chirwere cheropa

Hepatocarcinoma, kana kuti hepatocellular carcinoma, inotanga muhepatocyte iyo, inenge yave isina kujairika, inotanga kupararira nenzira isina kufanira uye inoita bundu rakaipa. Hazviwanzoitiki kuti rudzi urwu rwekukuvara ruitike pachiropa chakanga chisina steatosis, hepatitis kana cirrhosis.

Kurasikirwa kwehuremu husinganzwisisiki, kurasikirwa kwechido, kurwadziwa kwepamuviri, kushungurudza uye kurutsa, kuneta kwese, kuonekwa kwebundu munzvimbo yechiropa, kunyanya kana yakabatanidzwa jaundice , inofanira kukuzivisa iwe. Asi chenjerera: zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzoitika kune mamwe echiropa pathologies. Chiremba chete ndiye anogona kuita chirwere.

Focal nodular hyperplasia

Focal nodular hyperplasia ndiko kuwedzera kwenhamba yehepatocytes muchiropa, zvichiita kuti iwedzere muhukuru. Fibrous nodules ye1 kusvika 10 cm inogona kuoneka. Aya mapundu, asingawanzo uye asina kunaka, anofarirwa nekutora mishonga yekudzivirira nemuromo kana estrogen-based kurapwa. Zvinetso zvavo hazviwanzoitiki. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chisingawanzi kuvabvisa nekuvhiya.

Nokurapa zvinobudirira uye nekugara kwenguva refu zvikonzero zvehepatitis (antiviral treatment, kunwa doro, kuderedza uremu kudya, chirwere cheshuga, nezvimwewo), cirrhosis inogona kudzivirirwa kana kumira. Kana nyama yakatoparadzwa, haizopore, asi chiropa chasara hachichabatiki. Kana iyo cirrhosis yakanyanya kufambira mberi, kuisirwa chete kunogona kudzoreredza kusashanda kwechiropa, chero kubatanidzwa kuripo.

Muchiitiko chegomarara, pani yekurapa yakakura:

• kubviswa zvishoma kwechiropa;
• kubviswa zvachose kunoteverwa nekuisirwa;
• kuparadzwa kwebundu ne radiofrequencies kana microwaves;
• electroporation;
• chemotherapy;
• etc. 

Nzira yekurapa inobva pane zvakawanda, kusanganisira nhamba yezvipembenene, hukuru hwavo, danho ravo uye mamiriro echiropa.

Kutarisana nezviratidzo zvinoratidza hepatic pathology, kuongororwa ropa kunosimbisa kubatanidzwa kwechiropa (hypoalbuminemia, nezvimwewo). Kana pasina hutachiwana hunoonekwa muropa, ultrasound icharongerwa, inowedzerwa kana zvichidiwa neMRI, CT scan kana Doppler ultrasound. A biopsy inogonawo kukumbirwa mukuwedzera.