Hypothalamus (kubva kuGreek hypo, pazasi uye thalamos, mhango) igomba riri muuropi, rinobatanidzwa mukutonga kwemabasa mazhinji emuviri.

Iri pazasi pehuropi pasi pethalamus, hypothalamus igland rakakamurwa kuita akati wandei akazvimirira nuclei, iwo pachawo akaumbwa neseti yemasero etsinga. Iyo hypothalamus yakabatana nepituitary gland, imwe gland iri muuropi, kuburikidza nepitular stem kuumba hypothalamic-pituitary axis¹.

Basa re hypothalamus. Zvinobatanidzwa mukushanda kwemuviri kwakawanda sekupisa kwemuviri, nzara², nyota, kutenderera kwekurara, kuenda kumwedzi kwevakadzi, hunhu hwepabonde kana manzwiro³.

Kushanda kwe hypothalamus. Inoshanda senzvimbo yekutonga ichiita maererano nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinofungidzirwa: hormonal, nervous, ropa, microbial, humoral, etc. Mukupindura kune izvi zvinhu, hypothalamus inogadzira mahomoni akasiyana-siyana achaita zvakananga panhengo kana papituitary gland iyo. inozoburitsa mamwe mahormone¹.

Pituitary gland kutonga uye kudzora. Iyo hypothalamus inovanza neurohormones, iyo liberins, iyo ichaita pane pituitary gland nekugadzirisa secretion yehomoni, izvo zvinokurudzira. Izvi zvinokurudzira mamwe maglands mumuviri senge thyroid kana maovari. Iwo lirins, akadzivirirwa ne hypothalamus, ari kunyanya:

• Corticoliberin (CRF) iyo inodzora secretion ye corticotrophin (ACTH) inotungamira kune synthesis ye cortisol.
• Thyroliberin (TRH) iyo inodzora kugadzirwa kwetachiona inokurudzira thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Gonadotropin inoburitsa hormone (GnRH) iyo inodzora kuburitswa kwegonadotropins (FSH neLH) inokurudzira maovari.
• Somatoliberin (GH-RH) iyo inodzora secretion ye somatotropin, kukura kwehomoni

Secretion yehomoni. Iyo hypothalamus inoburitsa mahormone maviri anozoburitswa nepituitary gland muropa:

• Vasopressin, an antidiuretic hormone, inoshanda muitsvo kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura
• Oxytocyne, iyo inokurudzira kuputika kwechibereko panguva yekusununguka, pamwe chete nemazamu ekuyamwisa.

Iyo hypothalamus inogadzirawo zvishoma dopamine, inotangira prolactin uye catecholamines (kusanganisira adrenaline uye norepinephrine).

Kubatanidzwa mune vegetative nervous system. Iyo hypothalamus ine basa mukati meiyo vegetative nervous system, ine basa rekusazvipira kwemuviri mabasa akadai sekudzora kurova kwemoyo kana kufema.

Tichifunga nezvehukama huri pakati pehypothalamus nepituitary gland, maitiro avo akabatana uye anokonzera kusashanda kwehomoni system².

Tumor. Iyo hypothalamus inogona kukanganiswa nebundu, zvichiita kuti hypothalamic ipapo hyophyseal secretions imire. Zviratidzo zvinoratidzwa maererano nehukuru hwebundu (kurwadza kwemusoro, kukanganiswa kwemaonero emumunda, chirwere chetsinga) uye kushomeka kwehomoni (kuneta, pallor, kusavapo kwenguva).

Hypothalamic syndrome. Kusaenzana mu hypothalamic system kunogona kukanganisa mabasa akasiyana emuviri sekudzora tembiricha yemukati, kukanganisa nyota uye nzara (5).

Hyperhydrose. Kudikitira kwakanyanya kunogona kucherechedzwa kana paine hyperfunction yemuviri tembiricha yekudzora nzira, modulated ne hypothalamus.

Hormonal substitute / Hormone therapy. Hormonal therapy inowanzopihwa kurwisa kusashanda kweiyo hypothalamus uye / kana pituitary gland.

Kuvhiya kurapwa kana radiotherapy. Zvichienderana nebundu, kuvhiyiwa kana kurapwa nemwaranzi kunogona kudiwa.

Radiological bvunzo. A CT scan kana MRI inogona kuitwa kuti ione kwakabva kusashanda kwehomoni.

Kuongorora kwezvokurapa. Hormonal assays inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kusagadzikana kwehomoni.

Kuratidzwa kwehukama pakati pekuvharidzirwa kwehomoni ne hypothalamus uye hurongwa hwemagetsi hunotangira ku50s nekuda kwebasa raGeoffrey Harris (6).