Camryn Allen, sainzi paNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration muHawaii, akaita tsvakiridzo achiri mudiki pabasa rake rekuronda nhumbu mu koalas achishandisa mahormone. Akabva atanga kushandisa nzira dzakafanana kuti abatsire vaaidzidza navo kuti vaone bonde rekamba dzemugungwa.
Iwe haugone kuziva kuti kamba ndeyei nekuitarisa chete. Kuti uwane mhinduro yakarurama, laparoscopy inowanzodiwa - kuongororwa kwenhengo dzomukati dzehutu uchishandisa kamera duku inopinzwa mumuviri. Allen akafunga kuti angaziva sei bonde rekamba achishandisa masampuli eropa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kukurumidza kutarisa bonde renhamba huru yekamba.
Hurume hwekamba yakachochonywa kubva muzai inotaridzwa nekupisa kwejecha umo mazai anovigwa. Uye sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichityaira tembiricha kutenderera pasirese, vaongorori havana kushamisika kuwana dzakawanda dzechikadzi dzegungwa.
Asi Allen paakaona mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa kwake kuAustralia Rhine Island - iyo yakakura uye yakakosha nzvimbo yekuchengeta nguruve dzegungwa dzegirini muPacific - akaziva kuti mamiriro akange akashata sei. Tembiricha yejecha ipapo yakakwira zvekuti huwandu hwekamba dzechikadzi hwakatanga kudarika varume nereshiyo ye116:1.
Mukana wekupona wakadzikira
Pakazara, 7 mhando dzekamba dzinogara mumakungwa enzvimbo dzinodziya uye dzinopisa, uye hupenyu hwavo hunogara huzere nenjodzi, uye kudziya kwepasi kunokonzerwa nekuita kwevanhu kwakatonyanya kuomesa.
Kamba dzemugungwa dzinokandira mazai adzo pamahombekombe ane jecha, uye tuvana tudiki tudiki tudiki haatombochechenyi. Mazai anogona kuurayiwa neutachiona, kucherwa nemhuka dzesango, kana kupwanywa nedzimwe kamba dzinochera matendere matsva. Kamba dzimwe chetedzo dzakakwanisa kusununguka kubva mumateko ayo asina kusimba dzinofanira kusvika kunyanza, dzichiita ngozi yekubatwa negora kana kuti raccoon - uye hove, magakanje nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemugungwa zvine nzara zvakavamirira mumvura. Chete 1% yeturtle dzemugungwa dzinochochonywa dzinopona kusvika dzakura.
Turtles dzakura dzinotarisanawo nezvikara zvakati wandei senge tiger shark, jaguars uye mhondi whale.
Zvisinei, vaiva vanhu vakaderedza zvakanyanya mikana yekamba dzegungwa kuti dzirarame.
Pamahombekombe panogara kamba, vanhu vanovaka dzimba. Vanhu vanoba mazai mudendere vachiatengesa pamusika mutema, vouraya kamba dzakura dzichitenga nyama nematehwe ayo anoshandiswa kugadzira bhutsu nemabhegi. Kubva mumateko ekamba, vanhu vanogadzira zvishongo, magirazi, mizinga nemabhokisi ezvishongo. Turtles dzinowira mumambure ezvikepe zvekuredza uye dzinofira pasi pemashizha ezvikepe zvikuru.
Parizvino, nhanhatu kubva pamanomwe emhando dzekamba dzemugungwa dzinonzi dziri munjodzi. Pamusoro pemhando yechinomwe - turtle yeAustralia yakasvibirira - masayendisiti haana ruzivo rwakakwana kuti aone kuti chii chiri chimiro chayo.
Tsvakurudzo itsva - tariro itsva?
Mune imwe ongororo, Allen akawana kuti mudiki diki diki dzegungwa regirinhi kunze kweSan Diego, kudziya kwejecha kwakawedzera huwandu hwevakadzi kubva pa65% kusvika 78%. Muitiro mumwe chetewo wakaonekwa muhuwandu hwekamba dzemugungwa dzinonzi loggerhead kubva kuWest Africa kuenda kuFlorida.
Asi hapana munhu akamboongorora huwandu hwakakosha kana huwandu hwekamba paRhine Island. Mushure mekuita tsvakurudzo munharaunda iyi, Allen naJensen vakaita mhedziso dzakakosha.
Kamba dzakura dzakachochonywa kubva kumazai makore makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana apfuura dzaivewo hadzi, asi muchiyero che30: 40 chete. Asi tuturu diki dzakazvarwa dzinodarika makumi maviri kubva muzana hadzi kweanenge makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe apfuura. Humbowo hwekuti tembiricha iri kukwira inyaya yekuti munzvimbo yeBrisbane kuAustralia, uko kune jecha rinotonhorera, vanhukadzi vanodarika varume nechiyero che6:1 chete.
Imwe ongororo muFlorida yakawana kuti tembiricha inongova chinhu chimwe chete. Kana jecha rakanyorova uye richitonhorera, varume vakawanda vanoberekwa, uye kana jecha richipisa uye rakaoma, vakadzi vakawanda vanoberekwa.
Tariro yakapihwawo neongororo itsva yakaitwa gore rapfuura.
Kugara kwenguva refu?
Turtles dzemugungwa dzave dziri muchimiro chimwe chete kwemakore anopfuura miriyoni zana, dzichipukunyuka mazera echando uye kunyange kutsakatika kwemadinosaur. Sezvingabvira, vakagadzira nzira dzakawanda dzokupona nadzo, imwe yacho, zvinozooneka, inogona kuchinja nzira yavanoroorana nayo.
Achishandisa ongororo yemajini kuti adzidze boka diki remakamba ari mungozi yekutsakatika muEl Salvador, muongorori wekamba, Alexander Gaos, achishanda naAllen, akawana kuti hono dzegungwa dzinosangana nehadzi dzakawanda, dzinenge 85% hadzi muvana vadzo.
"Takaona kuti zano iri rinoshandiswa muvanhu vashoma, vari munjodzi, vari kudzikira zvakanyanya," anodaro Gaos. "Isu tinofunga kuti vaingotora nyaya yekuti vakadzi vaive nesarudzo shoma."
Pane mukana here wekuti hunhu uhu hunotsiva kuzvarwa kwevakadzi vakawanda? Hazvibviri kutaura chokwadi, asi chokwadi chokuti maitiro akadaro anogoneka ndeatsva kune vatsvakurudzi.
Zvichakadaro, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vari kuongorora Dutch Caribbean vakaona kuti kupa mumvuri wakawanda kubva pamashizha emichindwe pamahombekombe egungwa kunotonhora jecha zvinooneka. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru mukurwisana nedambudziko riripo rehuwandu hwepabonde hwemakungwa egungwa.
Pakupedzisira, vatsvakurudzi vanowana iyo data itsva inokurudzira. Turtles dzemugungwa dzinogona kunge dziri mhando dzakasimba kupfuura zvaimbofungwa.
"Tinogona kurasikirwa nevamwe vashoma, asi nguruve dzemugungwa hadzife dzakapera zvachose," Allen anopedzisa.
Asi zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti kamba dzingangoda rubatsiro rushoma kubva kwatiri isu vanhu.