Kusava nemwana: 17 chokwadi nezveavo vasingade kuita vana

Zana ramakore rechi XNUMX rave nguva yekurwira kodzero dzeavo vakanyadziswa, vakatukwa, vakatsvaga kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kana kuparadza panyama. “Uye ndinoda kutaura shoko rangu mukudzivirira vanhu vakasiya basa revabereki, vachizvisarudzira dzimwe nharidzano nemakwara,” anonyora kudaro nyanzvi yendangariro Bella de Paulo.

Anotaura nezve rimwe remabasa anozivikanwa zvikuru akazvipira kusava nemwana, bhuku remunyori wenhau dzakaitika Rachel Chrastil "Sei kuva asina mwana: nhoroondo uye uzivi hwehupenyu pasina vana", iyo inovhara zvakanyanya chiitiko chekusava nevana uye mafungiro pamusoro payo munharaunda. Chii chachinja, chachinja sei, uye chii chakaramba chakadaro mumakore 500 apfuura?

Kushaya mwana kana kusava nemwana?

Kutanga, tinofanira kutsanangura mazwi. Charsteel anoona izwi rekuti "nulliparous" rinoshandiswa nanachiremba risingagamuchirwe, kunyanya sezvo risingakwanise kureva varume vasina vana. Izwi rokuti "mwana asina", ndiko kuti, "kusununguka kubva kuvana", mumaonero ake, rine ruvara rwakanyanya.

Anosarudza kushandisa izwi rokuti "asina mwana" maererano nevanhu vasingadi kuita vana. Kunyange zvazvo shoko iri richiratidza kushayikwa, kushaya chimwe chinhu, uye haafungi kusavapo kwevana dambudziko.

"Ndinodaidza vasina vana avo vasina vana, vasiri vekuzvarwa kana kurerwa," anotsanangura kudaro Chrastil. "Uye avo vasina kumbobvira vatora chikamu mukurera mwana uye vasina kumbobvira vatora mabasa ekuchengeta."

Chrastil haana mwana iye pachake - kwete nekuti haakwanise kuve amai, asi nekuti haana kumboda. Anogovera chokwadi pamusoro pekuti mafungiro kune vanhu vasina vana uye kusava nevana akachinja sei mumakore mazana mashanu apfuura.

Kushaya vana - anomaly kana muitiro?

1. Kushaya vana hachisi chinhu chitsva.

Kushaya vana kwave kwakapararira mumaguta okuchamhembe kweEurope kubvira munenge muzana remakore rechi20. Kukura kwemucheche kwaionekwa sekusagadzikana, kwakagara kwemakore angangoita XNUMX, uyezve kusava nemwana kwakadzoka, zvakatonyanya "kushatirisa" uye kwakakurukurwa zvakanyanya kupfuura kare. Chiitiko chekusava nevana chiri munyika yose: chiripo mumarudzi ose, uye panguva dzakasiyana uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana chaibatwa zvakasiyana.

2. Nhamba yepamusorosoro yevakadzi vasina vana yakaonekwa pakati pevaya vakazvarwa muna 1900

24% vavo havana kumbova nevana. Pakati peavo vakazvarwa makore makumi mashanu gare gare, pakati pa50 na1950, 1954% chete yevakadzi vane makore makumi mana nemashanu havana kumbozvara.

3. Muna 1900, vakadzi vakaita hafu yevana vakawanda semuna 1800.

Somuenzaniso, muna 1800, avhareji yevana vanomwe vakaonekwa mumhuri imwe, uye muna 1900 - kubva vatatu kusvika mana.

Psychology yevasina vana nevanovashora

4. Munguva yeChinjo, dzvinyiriro yenzanga yakanangidzirwa kukumanikidza vakadzi kuti vasununguke

Chikonzero chezviyero zvehasha zvakadaro muna 1517-1648 zvaive "kutya kuti vakadzi vangasarudza kunzvenga basa ravo dzvene." Sezviri pachena, kunze kwemhuri uye vasina vana, vainzwa zviri nani zvikuru. Panguva imwe cheteyo, varume vasina vana vakanga vasingapiwi mhosva zvakafanana nevakadzi, uye havana kurangwa.

5. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, mukadzi akadaro anogona kupomerwa huroyi uye kupiswa padanda.

6. Mafungiro emukadzi asina mwana semunhu anofamba, ane udyire, ane tsika dzakaora ave aripo kwemazana emakore.

Chrastil anonongedzera kuna Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, maakanyora kuti: "Hakuna masangano eruzhinji edzidzo yevakadzi ...

7. Pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nerechi XNUMX, vakadzi vanga vasingadi kuroorwa pane kuita vana.

Chrastil anotora kabhuku ka1707, The 15 Pluses of a Single Life, uye rimwe rakaburitswa muna 1739, Zano Rinokosha kuvakadzi paKudzivirira Wanano, semuenzaniso.

8. Nhamba huru yevasina mwana muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri inowanzobatanidzwa nekugadzirwa kwemapiritsi ekuberekwa.

Mukuwedzera, kune vanhu vakawanda vakasurukirwa. Asi Chrastil anotenda kuti chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kukosha - "kukura kushivirira kune avo vanosiya tsika yechinyakare yemhuri vosarudza nzira yavo." Kusanganisira vanhu vakadaro vanoroora, asi musava vabereki.

9. Pfungwa yekuzvisarudzira kare muna 1960 yakatanga kubatanidzwa nepfungwa dzedemocracy nerusununguko.

Kusurukirwa uye kusava nevana kwaimbova kunyadziswa, asi zvino kwava kubatanidzwa norusununguko rukuru rwokuzviwanira. Zvisinei, sezvinosuruvarisa kubvuma, vanhu vachiri kushora avo vasina vana, zvikurukuru kana vakasiya basa ravabereki nokuda kwavo vamene. Asi muma1970, "vanhu vakakwanisa kuchinja pfungwa dzavo pamusoro pekusava nevana nenzira yakanga isati yamboitika."

Kubvisa tsika yekunamata amai

10. Thomas Robert Malthus, munyori weAn Essay on the Law of Population, akabatanidza ndima muna 1803 yairumbidza vakadzi vasina varume vasina vana.

"Mubasa rake, kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu, kwete matron, kwakaiswa munzvimbo yekutanga." Asi akabva aroora uye muna 1826 akabvisa chikamu ichi kubva kuchinyorwa chekupedzisira.

11. Havasi vese vatungamiri vezvematongerwo enyika vaikurudzira vakadzi kuti vasununguke

Semuenzaniso, muna 1972, Mutungamiri weUnited States, Richard Nixon, akagadzira komiti yekudzivirira kubereka uye akashora mhuri huru dzeAmerica, uye akadanawo vagari vemo kuti vafunge nezve "vana" nyaya.

12. Kuva amai sechinhu chakanaka cherudo chakabviswa muna 1980

Jean Veevers, akabudisa Childless by Choice. Mubvunzurudzo, akataura kuti vakadzi vakawanda vasina vana havaoni kuva amai se“budiriro huru kana kuti chiito chokusika ... Kuvakadzi vazhinji, mwana ibhuku kana kuti mufananidzo wavasingambofi vakanyora, kana kuti doctorate yavasingazombofi vakapedza. .”

13. Muna 2017, Orna Donat akakanda huni pamoto, achibudisa chinyorwa "Regrets of mother".

Yakaunganidza mabvunzurudzo evakadzi vakademba kuti vaive vanamai.

asina mwana uye anofara

14. Mazuvano kuroorana hakurevi kuita vana, uye vana hazvireve zvachose kuti wakaroora kana kuroorwa.

Vanhu vakawanda vasina kuroora kana kuroorwa vane vana, uye vakaroorana vakawanda vanogara vasina vana. Zvisinei, kunyange muzana remakore rapfuura zvaidavirwa kuti vanhu vakaroorana vanofanira kuva nemwana, uye mukadzi asina kuroorwa anofanira kunge asina mwana. "Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, avo vakasarudza kusava nevana vakarambawo kuroora."

15. Vana vakura vasina vana vanofarira kugara vega kana mudzimba dzinochengetwa vakwegura

Asi vanhu vane vana vanowanzosiiwa vari voga kana kuti vanopedzisira vachengetwa nehurumende. Chikonzero ndechekuti vana havatsvage kuchengeta vabereki vavo, kutamira kune mamwe maguta nenyika, kuvhura bhizinesi, kutora zvikwereti, kupopotedzana uye kurambana, kushandisa doro nezvinodhaka. Vane hupenyu hwavo, matambudziko avo, uye havana hanya nevabereki vavo.

16. Kufanana nemakore 150 apfuura, vakadzi vasina vana vakanyanya kuzvimiririra nhasi.

Ivo vakadzidza, vasina zvechitendero, vanonyanya kutarisa-basa, zviri nyore pamabasa evakadzi, uye vanofarira kugara muguta.

17. Mazuva ano vanowana mari yakawanda kudarika amai vavo, vakapfuma, vanozvishingisa uye vanozviriritira.

Upenyu huri kuchinja, uye, nerufaro, ikozvino mafungiro kune vakadzi vasina vana nevarume akasiyana neaive makore 500 apfuura. Havachapisirwi padanda kana kumanikidzwa kuita vana. Uye zvakadaro, vakawanda vachiri kufunga kuti mukadzi asina mwana haatombofari uye anofanira kubatsirwa kuziva kuti ari kurasikirwa zvakadini. Ramba mibvunzo isina ungwaru uye zano rinobatsira. Pamwe haana mwana nekuti isarudzo yake achiziva zvake.

Nezve munyori: Bella de Paulo inyanzvi yezvepfungwa uye munyori weBehind the Door of Deception.