MuEurope, kusawirirana kwezvokudya kunofungidzirwa kuti kunokanganisa 6% yevana uye vanopfuura 3% yevakuru. Nhamba dziri kuwedzera mumakore gumi apfuura. Kusawirirana kwechikafu kunoratidzwa sei? Ndezvipi zvinokonzeresa zvekudya zvakanyanya? Tinogona kurapa here? Mhinduro dzaDr Emmanuelle Rondeleux, chiremba wevana allergist.

Kusawirirana kwechikafu ndiko kuita kwemasoja edziviriro kune chikafu chaasingawanzo kuita. Pakutanga kusangana ne-allergen, muviri unogadzira masoja ekudzivirira chirwere, IgE (ye immunoglobulin E). Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere aya anobva azvibatanidza nemast cells, masero anotora chikamu mukudzivirira kwemuviri.

Yekutanga kusangana neiyo allergen inoramba isina chiratidzo. Asi zvinokonzeresa kunzwisiswa kune chikafu chiri mubvunzo izvo zvinoreva kuti panguva yekusangana kwechipiri neallergen mast masero anokurudzirwa zvichikonzera kuburitswa kwezvinhu zvakaita se histamine panotangira allergic zviratidzo.

“Vana vanenge vasingawirirani nenzungu kana mazai vanokwanisa kuita allergies kana vasina kumbodzidya. Zvakakwana kuti vabereki vavo vazvipedza. Vanobva vatakura zvisaririra pamaoko avo, hembe dzavo dzinobva dzasangana nemwana, izvo zvinokwana kukonzeresa kuburitswa kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere,” anotsanangura Dr Rondeleux.

Muvana, zvinokonzeresa zvakanyanya mukaka wemhou, mazai, nzungu, nzungu ("kunyanya pistachios uye cashews", inotsikirira allergist), inoteverwa nemasitadhi, hove uye hove, sesame, gorosi kana kiwi. "Cherechedza kuti iyi rondedzero yezvokudya zveallergenic inosiyana kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe".

Muvanhu vakuru, izvo zvinokonzeresa zvinokonzeresa michero yakasvibira nemiriwo, hove nehove dzegungwa, soy, celery, mustard uye gluten. “Kutanga kwechikafu muvanhu vakuru kunowanzova nechokuita nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana. Munhu mukuru asingawirirani nemukume webirch ari panjodzi yekusangana neapuro nekuti zvinhu zviviri izvi zvine mapuroteni akafanana ”, anodaro Dr Rondeleux. 

Nhasi, mirau inoda kutaurwa kwezvinokonzeresa (pakati perondedzero yegumi nemana makuru aleji) pakunyorwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekudya.

Kune marudzi maviri echikafu allergy:

Allergies pakarepo

Pakarepo allergies, zviratidzo zvinoonekwa pamaawa matatu mushure mekudya chikafu. Vanogona kuratidza se kurira uye kurira mumuromo, uye / kana edema yemuromo uye pamwe chiso muvakuru. Muvana, panogonawo kuva nekuputika uye edema yechiso, asiwo tsvuku uye kunyanya mikoko yechiso inogona kupararira pamusoro pemuviri wose. Kune izvi zvinogona kuwedzerwa kusagadzikana kwekufema uye kunetseka kumedza.

Kusapindirana kwemuviri nekukasika kunogona kukonzerawo matambudziko ekugaya sekurutsira, manyoka, kurwadziwa nemudumbu uye kusanzwa zvakanaka kana kupera simba. Anaphylaxis ndiyo yakakomba nzira yekukurumidza kurwara. "Tinotaura nezveanaphylaxis kana nhengo mbiri dzabatwa", anodaro nyanzvi. 

Kunonoka allergies

Kunonoka allergies vane zviratidzo zvinoonekwa maawa mashoma kusvika maawa anopfuura 48 mushure mekudya kwechikafu cheallergenic. Vane hanya nevana kupfuura vanhu vakuru uye vanoratidzwa nekusagadzikana kwekugaya (manyoka, kurwadza kwemudumbu, reflux), eczema uye / kana huremu husina kunaka (huremu hwakamira). 

“Kusawirirana kwezvokudya kunotanga muukuru kazhinji kazhinji kunoguma nechirwere chomumuromo chokukomba kuduku. Muvana, chikafu chinofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya nekuti chinogona kunge chakakomba ”, anoyambira allergist.

Kana zviratidzo zvinyoro

Kana zviratidzo zvinyoro, kunyanya paganda, zvinogona kuderedzwa nekutora antihistamine mishonga yakadai seZyrtec kana Aerius, nenzira yemuromo mhinduro yevana. Muchiitiko chekusagadzikana kwekufema, ventoline inogona kushandiswa semushonga wekutanga, asi haufanirwe kuzeza kuenda kune epinephrine pen kana zviratidzo zvikaramba zviripo.

Muchiitiko chekusagadzikana kana kutadza kufema

Kana munhu ari munjodzi achinzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka kana kunyunyuta kwekufema kwakanyanya, fonera 15 uye pakarepo uvaise panzvimbo yakagara (kana paine kunetseka kufema) kana munzvimbo yakachengeteka lateral chinzvimbo (PLS) nemakumbo akasimudzwa (kana kusagadzikana) . 

Zviratidzo izvi zvinofanirwa kuratidza anaphylaxis inoda kurapwa kwakakodzera kwekukurumidzira: intramuscular jekiseni readrenaline uye kuchipatara. Varwere vakambove neanaphylaxis munguva yakapfuura vanofanira kugara vakatakura dose ye-auto-injection epinephrine navo.

“Kuongororwa kwechirwere chekudya kunobva pakubvunza murwere kana vabereki vake kana ari mwana mudiki. Kazhinji, vabereki vanotora danho rekubvunza mwana wavo vanotofungidzira chikafu ”, anodaro Dr. Rondeleux. Kuongororwa kweropa uye bvunzo dzeganda (prick bvunzo) inogona zvakare kurongerwa mukuwedzera kusimbisa allergy uye kutonga kunze kwemuchinjikwa allergies. 

Kurapa kwekudya kwekudya

Kana iri kurapwa kwekudya kwekudya, kunosanganisira kubvisa chikafu cheallergenic kubva mukudya. An oral tolerance protocol inogonawo kuiswa pasi pekutariswa kweallergist chiremba. Inosanganisira zvishoma nezvishoma kuunza allergenic chikafu mune zviduku zvishoma mukudya kwemurwere.

Semuyenzaniso, muvana vasingawirirani nemaprotein emukaka wemhou uye vane allergy isingapfuure makore 1 kana maviri, tinogona kuedza kuunza mukaka wemhou muchimiro chekeke rakabikwa zvakanaka nekuti kubika kunoita kuti kufambiswa kwemapuroteni emukaka wemombe. muviri. Chinhu chimwe chete kune vanhu vanopesana nezai, tinosuma zai mumhando dzakabikwa (zai rakaoma-rakabikwa, omelet) kwete mumhando dzakasvibirira (zai rakapfava, chokoreti mousse) ", inotsanangura allergist.

Muvana, kumwe kusawirirana kwechikafu kunogona kupera nezera uye kumwe kunoramba kuripo. Tinocherechedza kuti allergy kumapuroteni emukaka wemhou inonyangarika mu80% yezviitiko zvakapoteredza zera remakore maviri kusvika maviri. Egg allergy inopora pachayo pazera remakore matatu mu60% yevana vanobatwa. Kune rimwe divi, allergies kune nzungu, mbeu dzemafuta, hove uye / kana crustaceans inonyangarika zvishoma kazhinji. 

Kuwedzera kwekudya kwekudya?

Pakazere, kwave nekuwedzera kwekusawirirana kwechikafu kwemakore akati wandei, nekusawirirana kwechikafu kunoramba kuchiwedzera nyore nekufamba kwenguva. Mamwe masayendisiti akaisa pfungwa yehutsanana kuti atsanangure chiitiko ichi, dzidziso maererano nekuti kuderedzwa kwekuratidzwa kwehutachiona muhudiki uye zvikamu zvehutachiona munyika dzakabudirira zvinokonzeresa kuderera kwekukurudzira kwe immune system uye nekudaro kuwedzera kwe nhamba yevanhu vane allergies.

Kana munhu asingawirirani nezvinhu zviviri kana zvitatu zvakasiyana, inonzi cross-allergies. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti maaleji ari mubvunzo ane mapuroteni akajairwa. 

Anonyanya kuzivikanwa cross-allergies ndeaya:

• kusawirirana nemukaka wemombe, makwai nembudzi. "Homology pakati pemombe, gwai uye mbudzi mapuroteni emukaka mukuru kupfuura 80%", inotaura nyanzvi;
• allergy kune latex uye mimwe michero yakadai sekiwi, bhanana uye avocado;
• allergy kune pollens uye miriwo mbishi nemichero (apuro + birch).