Hypothyroidism
L 'hypothyroidism ndiwo mhedzisiro yekugadzirwa kwehormone kusakwana negland thyroid, iyi nhengo yakaita seshavishavi iri pazasi pemutsipa, pasi peapuro raAdhamu. Vanhu vari kunyanya kubatwa nechirwere ichi vanhukadzi mushure memakore makumi mashanu.
Kufurira kwegland thyroid pamuviri ihombe: basa rayo ndere kudzora the basic metabolism yemasero emuviri wedu. Inodzora kushandiswa kwesimba, uremu, kurova kwemwoyo, simba remhasuru, mafungiro, kuisa pfungwa, tembiricha yemuviri, kugaya, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvinotarisa kusimba kwesimba rinoita kuti masero edu nenhengo dzedu dzishande. Muvanhu vane hypothyroidism, simba iri rinoshanda mukufamba zvishoma.
Pakuzorora, muviri unodya simba kuti uchengetedze mabasa ayo anokosha: kutenderera kweropa, kushanda kwehuropi, kufema, kugaya, kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri. Izvi zvinonzi the yakakosha metabolism, iyo inodzorwa nehomoni yethyroid. Huwandu hwesimba rinoshandiswa hunosiyana kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe zvichienderana nehukuru, huremu, zera, murume kana mukadzi, uye basa rethyroid gland. |
MuCanada, inenge 1% yevakuru vanehypothyroidism, ivo vakadzi kuva 2 kusvika 8 nguva yakawanda kupfuura varume. Kupararira kwechirwere kunowedzera nezera, kusvika kune vanopfuura 10% mushure memakore makumi matanhatu14. MuFrance, 3,3% yevakadzi uye 1,9% yevarume vanobatwa ne hypothyroidism (mabviro: HAS: summary of professional recommendation 2007).
Congenital kana neonatal hypothyroidism
Mumucheche mumwe muvana vana, hypothyroidism iripo kubva pakuzvarwa nekuda kwekusagadzikana kana kusashanda zvakanaka kwethyroid gland. Kana isina kurapwa, iyohypothyroidism kuzvara ine migumisiro yakakomba pakukura kwemuviri uye kwepfungwa kwemwana. Sezvineiwo, muFrance, Canada nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira, chirwere ichi chinowanikwa zvakarongeka muvana vose vachangoberekwa, nekuda kwekuongororwa kweropa kwakaitwa pakati pemakore ekuma1970 nevatsvakurudzi veCanada. Kuongororwa uku kunobvumira kurapwa kutangwa kubva pamazuva ekutanga ehupenyu kudzivirira mhedzisiro yechirwere.1.
Thyroid hormones pasi pekutonga Iwo 2 makuru hormone yakavanzika na thyroid T3 (triiodothyronine) uye T4 (tetra-iodothyronine kana thyroxine). Vese vanonzwisisa izwi rekuti "iodine" nekuti iodine chimwe chechikamu chavo, chakakosha pakugadzirwa kwavo. Huwandu hwehomoni hunogadzirwa huri pasi pekutonga kwemamwe magirasi, ari muuropi: hypothalamus uye pituitary gland. Iyo hypothalamus inorayira pituitary gland kuti ibudise hormone TSH (yethyroid stimulating hormone). Uyewo, hormone TSH inokurudzira thyroid kuti ibudise mahomoni ethyroid, kusanganisira T3 uye T4. Chirwere chetachiona chisingaiti kana kuti chisingaiti chinogona kuonekwa nekuongororwa kweropa kuyera chiyero cheTSH muropa. Mu hypothyroidism, chiyero cheTSH chakakwirira nokuti pituitary gland inopindura kushayikwa kwehomoni yethyroid (T3 uye T4) nekuvhara TSH yakawanda. Nenzira iyi, pituitary gland inoedza kukurudzira thyroid kuti ibudise mahomoni akawanda. Mumamiriro ezvinhu e hyperthyroidism (kana pane thyroid hormone yakawandisa), zvinodzokera shure zvinoitika: chiyero cheTSH chakaderera nokuti pituitary gland inoona kuwedzera kwehomoni yethyroid muropa uye inomira kukurudzira thyroid gland. Kunyange pakutanga kwedambudziko rethyroid, mazinga eTSH anowanzova asina kunaka. |
Zvinokonzera
Pamberi pema1920, the kushomeka kweiodine ndicho chaiva chikonzero chikuru chehypothyroidism. Iodine imineral inoteedzera inodiwa muhupenyu uye mukugadzirwa kwehomoni yethyroid T3 uye T4. Kubva pakuwedzera iodine kune tafura yemunyu - tsika yakaberekerwa kuMichigan muna 1924 nekuda kwezviitiko zvakawanda zve hypothyroidism - kushayikwa uku hakuwanzoitiki munyika dzakabudirira. Nekudaro, maererano nefungidziro kubva kuWorld Health Organisation, ingangoita? 2 bhiriyoni vanhu vachiri panjodzi yekushomeka kweiodine12. Inoramba iri nhamba 1 chikonzero che hypothyroidism munyika. Munyika dzakabudirira umo vanhu vanokumbirwa kuganhurira kunwa munyu, pangava nengozi yokudzokazve kwokushaikwa kweiodine.
Mazuva ano, kukonzera hypothyroidism munyika dzakabudirira ndeiyi:
- A Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Ichi chirwere che autoimmune chinokonzera kuparadzwa kwethyroid gland ne rokuzvidzivirira. Masayendisiti haakwanisi kutsanangura kuti chii chinokonzera chirwere ichi. Iyo dzimwe nguva yaizoratidzika semhedzisiro yekushushikana kana hutachiona hwehutachiona, muvanhu vanofanorongerwa kwairi.
- Un kurapwa kunoshandura thyroid gland. Radioactive ayodhini kurapwa kurapa a hyperthyroidism kana kuvhiyiwa kubvisa thyroid gland (nekuda kwenodule, bundu kana kenza yegororo) inokonzera zvachose hypothyroidism munenge 80% yezviitiko. Uyewo, kurapwa kwe radiotherapy mitsipa inokonzera kwenguva pfupi hypothyroidism mune inenge 50% yezviitiko, uye zvachose hypothyroidism mune inenge 25% yezviitiko.
- A postpartum thyroiditis. Mu8-10% yevakadzi, autoimmune reaction kurwisa thyroid inogona kuitika mavhiki mashoma kusvika kumwedzi mishoma mushure mekuvhiyiwa.dhirivahari15. Izvi zvinonzi "postpartum" thyroiditis. Mune 40% yezviitiko, iyi thyroiditis inotungamirira ku hypothyroidism, zviratidzo zvayo zvakanyanya kana zvishoma. Kazhinji dzinopfuura.
Zvimwe zvikonzero zvisingawanzoitiki
- Vamwe Pharmaceuticals. Lithium, semuenzaniso, inoshandiswa kune zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa, kana amiodarone (mushonga une iodine), unorayirwa nokuda kwekuvhiringidzika kwemwoyo, inogona kutungamirira ku hypothyroidism.
– Chimiro chisina kujairika kuzvara yethyroid gland, kureva iripo kubva pakuzvarwa. Dzimwe nguva gland haina kukura zvakanaka, kana kuti inoshanda zvisina kunaka. Muchiitiko ichi, hypothyroidism inoonekwa mazuva mashoma mushure mekuzvarwa nekuda kwekuongororwa kweropa.
– Kusashanda zvakanaka kwepituitary gland, gland iyo inodzora utachiona nehomoni TSH (inomiririra pasi pe1% yezviitiko).
- A chirwere bhakitiriya kana utachiona kune thyroid gland.
- Ona Vanhu vari panjodzi uye Njodzi zvinhu zvikamu.
Zvinogona kuitika
Chikasarapwa, hosha yacho inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba yenguva refu. Muvanhu vakuru, a myxoedème, chimiro chakaoma che hypothyroidism, chinogona kuitika. Zviratidzo zve myxedema chiso chakazvimba, kutsvuka, uye ganda rakaoma, rinoita serakakora. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, mamwe mamiriro (kutapukira, kutonhora, kushungurudzika, kuvhiyiwa, nezvimwewo) zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekuziva kana coma "Myxedematous". Mukuwedzera, zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vanehypothyroidism kwemakore anoverengeka vari panjodzi huru yechirwere chemwoyo.
Muvana vasina kurapwa, pane kunonoka kukuru mukukura uye kukura kwepfungwa kusingadzoreki, kunowanzonzi. cretinism. Kurapa kwakakwana, kwakatangwa nokukurumidza, kazhinji kunodzivisa matambudziko uye sequelae.