Ndakasuwa uye ndinoshushikana… zvinorevei?

Pane zvikonzero zvakati kuti nei tingava nekuzvidya mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo. Vanozviratidza nenzira dzakasiyana, uye zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kusiyanisa pakati pezvikonzero izvi. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwakakwana, kuwana iyo iri kure nekuwanikwa kune wese munhu. Chirongwa chedzidzo pamusoro pekuora mwoyo uye kusagadzikana kusagadzikana kwakasarudzwa nevatori venhau Daria Varlamova naAnton Zainiev.¹.

KUSVIRA

Unogara wakaora mwoyo. Uku kunzwa kunomuka, sokunge zvakadaro, kubva pakutanga, zvisinei kuti kuri kunaya kunze kwehwindo kana zuva, Muvhuro nhasi kana Svondo, zuva rakajairika kana zuva rako rekuzvarwa. Dzimwe nguva kushushikana kwakasimba kana chiitiko chinoshungurudza chinogona kushanda sekusimudzira, asi mhinduro inogona kunonoka.

Zvave zvichienderera mberi kwenguva refu. Kureba chaiko. Muchirwere chekuora mwoyo, munhu anogona kugara kwemwedzi mitanhatu kana gore. Zuva rimwe chete kana maviri ehuipi hachisi chikonzero chekufungidzira kuti une chirwere. Asi kana kuora mwoyo uye kusakendenga zvichikutambudza iwe kwemavhiki uye kunyange mwedzi, ichi ndicho chikonzero chekutendeukira kune nyanzvi.

Somatic reactions. Kudzikira kwemoyo kwakadzikama ndicho chimwe chezviratidzo zvekukundikana kwebiochemical mumuviri. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe "kuputsika" kunoitika: kuvhiringidzika kwehope, matambudziko nechido, kurasikirwa kusina musoro. Uyezve, varwere vane kuora mwoyo kazhinji vakaderedza libido uye kuisa pfungwa. Vanonzwa kuneta nguva dzose, zvakanyanya kuoma kuti vazvitarisire ivo, kuita mabasa avo ezuva nezuva, kushanda uye kutaurirana kunyange nevanhu vepedyo.

KUNYANYA KUNYANYA KUNYANYA

Uri kutambudzwa nekufunganya, uye haugone kunzwisisa kwayakabva.. Murwere haatyi zvinhu zvakananga sekitsi nhema kana mota, asi anosangana nekufunganya zvisina musoro nguva dzose, kumashure.

Zvave zvichienderera mberi kwenguva refu. Sezvakaitika pakuora mwoyo, kuti kuongororwa kuitwe, kuzvidya mwoyo kunofanira kunge kwakanzwa kwemwedzi mitanhatu kana kupfuura uye kusabatanidzwa nechimwe chirwere.

Somatic reactions. Tsandanyama tension, palpitations, kushaya hope, ziya. Inobvisa mweya wako kure. GAD inogona kuvhiringidzwa nekuora mwoyo. Unogona kuasiyanisa nemaitiro emunhu masikati. Nekuora mwoyo, munhu anomuka akaputsika uye asina simba, uye manheru anowedzera kushanda. Nekusagadzikana kwepfungwa, zvinopesana ndezvechokwadi: vanomuka vakadzikama, asi nekufamba kwezuva, kushushikana kunowedzera uye hupenyu hwavo hunowedzera.

PANIC DISORDER

Kutyisa kunorwisa - nguva dzekamwe kamwe uye dzakanyanya kutya, kazhinji kazhinji dzisina kukwana kumamiriro acho ezvinhu. Mhepo inogona kugadzikana zvachose. Pakurwiswa, murwere angaona sokuti ava kuda kufa.

Kubata kunotora maminitsi 20-30, muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki inenge awa, uye kuwanda kunosiyana kubva pakurwisa kwemazuva ose kusvika kune imwe mumwedzi yakawanda.

Somatic reactions. Kazhinji, varwere havazivi kuti mamiriro avo anokonzerwa nekutya, uye vanotendeukira kune vashandi vese - varapi uye cardiologists vane zvichemo. Mukuwedzera, vanotanga kutya kurwiswa kakawanda uye vanoedza kuvanza kubva kune vamwe. Pakati pekurwiswa, kutya kwekumirira kunoumbwa - uye izvi zvose kutya kwekurwisa pachako uye kutya kuwira munzvimbo inonyadzisa pazvinoitika.

Kusiyana nekuora mwoyo, vanhu vane panic disorder havadi kufa.. Nekudaro, ivo vanoverengera nezve 90% yezvese kusazviuraya kuzvikuvadza. Uyu ndiwo mugumisiro wekuita kwemuviri kumanikidziro: iyo limbic system, inokonzera kuratidzwa kwemanzwiro, inorega kupa hukama nenyika yekunze. Munhu wacho anozviwana asununguka kubva mumuviri wake uye kazhinji anoedza kuzvikuvadza, kungowanazve kunzwa mukati memuviri.

PHOBIC DISORDER

Kurwiswa kwekutya uye kufunganya kwakabatana nechinhu chinotyisa. Kunyange kana phobia iine humwe hwaro (somuenzaniso, munhu anotya makonzo kana nyoka nokuti dzinogona kuruma), maitiro kune chinhu chinotyiwa kazhinji hachifananidzi nengozi yacho chaiyo. Munhu anoona kuti kutya kwake hakuna musoro, asi haakwanisi kuzvibatsira.

Kuzvidya mwoyo mune phobia yakasimba zvekuti inoperekedzwa ne psychosomatic reaction. Murwere anokandwa mukupisa kana kuti kutonhora, zvanza zvake dikita, kutadza kufema zvakanaka, kuda kusvotwa, kana kurova kwehana kunotanga. Uyezve, maitiro aya anogona kuitika kwete chete mukudhumhana naye, asiwo maawa mashoma zvisati zvaitika.

Kugarisana nevamwe Kutya kutariswa zvakanyanya kubva kune vamwe ndeimwe yeakajairika phobias. Mune imwe nzira kana imwe, inoitika mu12% yevanhu. Social phobias inowanzobatanidzwa nekuzviremekedza kwakaderera, kutya kutsoropodzwa uye kuwedzera kunzwa kune pfungwa dzevamwe. Social phobia inowanzovhiringidzika nesociopathy, asi zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana. Sociopaths inozvidza tsika nemirairo yemagariro, nepo sociophobes, pane kudaro, vanotya kutonga kubva kune vamwe vanhu zvekuti havatombotyi kubvunza nzira munzira.

OSSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER

Iwe unoshandisa (uye kugadzira) tsika kubata nekushushikana. Vanorwara neOCD vanogara vaine pfungwa dzinovhiringidza uye dzisingafadzi dzavasingagoni kubvisa. Semuenzaniso, vanotya kuzvikuvadza ivo pachavo kana mumwe munhu, vanotya kubata utachiona kana kubata chirwere chinotyisa. Kana kuti vanorwadziwa nepfungwa yokuti, vabva pamba, havana kudzima simbi. Kuti utsungirire pfungwa idzi, munhu anotanga kugara achidzokorora zviito zvakafanana kuti adzikame. Vanogona kazhinji kugeza maoko avo, kuvhara magonhi kana kudzima mwenje ka18, kudzokorora mitsara yakafanana mumisoro yavo.

Kuda tsika kunogona kuva mumunhu ane hutano, asi kana pfungwa dzinovhiringidza uye zviito zvinokanganisa zvinokanganisa hupenyu uye kutora nguva yakawanda (inopfuura awa pazuva), ichi chatova chiratidzo chekusagadzikana. Murwere ane obsessive-compulsive disorder anoziva kuti pfungwa dzake dzinogona kunge dzisina pfungwa uye kurambana kubva kune chokwadi, anoneta nekuita chinhu chimwe chete nguva dzose, asi kwaari iyi ndiyo nzira chete yekubvisa kuzvidya mwoyo. apo.

ZVOKUITA NEIZVI?

Kushungurudzika uye kusagadzikana kusagadzikana kunowanzoitika pamwe chete: kusvika hafu yevanhu vose vane kuora mwoyo vane zviratidzo zvekuzvidya mwoyo, uye zvakasiyana. Nokudaro, vanachiremba vanogona kupa mishonga yakafanana. Asi munyaya imwe neimwe pane nuances, nokuti migumisiro yemishonga yakasiyana.

Mishonga inodzvinyirira inoshanda zvakanaka mukufamba kwenguva, asi haizorerutsi kuvhunduka kwakangoerekana kwaitika. Nokudaro, varwere vane dambudziko rekuzvidya mwoyo vanorayirwawo matranquilizers (benzodiazepines inowanzoshandiswa muUnited States nedzimwe nyika, asi muRussia kubvira 2013 yakafananidzwa nemishonga uye yakabviswa pakutenderera). Vanobvisa kufara uye vane simba rekudzikamisa pane central nerve system. Mushure memishonga yakadaro, munhu anozorora, anova nehope, anononoka.

Mishonga inobatsira asi ine maside effects. Nekuora mwoyo uye kusagadzikana kwehutano mumuviri, kuchinjana kwemaurotransmitters kunovhiringidzwa. Mishonga inodzorera kuenzana kwezvinhu zvakakodzera (seserotonin uye gamma-amionobutyric acid), asi haufaniri kutarisira zvishamiso kubva kwavari. Semuenzaniso, kubva kune antidepressants, mafungiro evarwere anokwira zvishoma nezvishoma, chiitiko chinooneka chinowanikwa mavhiki maviri chete mushure mekutanga kwehutungamiri. Panguva imwecheteyo, kwete chete iyo ichadzokera kumunhu, kunetseka kwake kunowedzera.

Cognitive behavioral therapy: kushanda nepfungwa. Kana mushonga uchikosha pakubata nekuora mwoyo kwakanyanya kana kusagadzikana kwepamusoro-soro, saka kurapa kunoshanda muzviitiko zvinyoro. CBT yakavakirwa pamazano enyanzvi wepfungwa Aaron Beck ekuti mafungiro kana kufunganya manyawi anogona kudzorwa nekushanda nepfungwa. Munguva yechirongwa, murapi anobvunza murwere (mutengi) kuti ataure nezvematambudziko avo, obva aronga maitiro ake kune aya matambudziko uye anozivisa maitiro ekufunga (matani) anotungamira kune asina kunaka mamiriro. Zvadaro, pane mazano emurapi, munhu anodzidza kushanda nemafungiro ake uye anotora pasi pekutonga.

Interpersonal Therapy. Mumuenzaniso uyu, matambudziko emutengi anoonekwa semhinduro kumatambudziko ehukama. Murapi, pamwe chete nemutengi, anoongorora zvakadzama zvese zvisingafadzi manzwiro uye zviitiko uye anotsanangura makonti ehutano hweramangwana. Zvadaro vanoongorora hukama hwemutengi kuti vanzwisise zvaanowana kubva kwavari uye zvaanoda kugamuchira. Chekupedzisira, mutengi uye murapi anoisa zvimwe zvinangwa zvinogoneka uye sarudza kuti zvichatora nguva yakareba sei kuti uzviite.

^1. D. Varlamova, A. Zainiev “Enda unopenga! Nhungamiro yeKunetseka Kwepfungwa kune Mugari Mukuru weGuta ”(Alpina Publisher, 2016).