kuzivikanzwa zvauri

Kuzivikanwa (lat. identicus - kufanana, zvakafanana) - kuziva kwemunhu kune imwe nzvimbo yemagariro evanhu uye yemunhu mukati mehutano hwemagariro evanhu uye ego states. Kuzivikanwa, kubva pakuona kwemaitiro epfungwa (Erik Erickson), imhando ye epicenter yehupenyu kutenderera kwemunhu wega wega. Zvinotora chimiro sechivakwa chepfungwa mukuyaruka, uye kushanda kwemunhu muhupenyu hwakazvimirira hwemunhu kunoenderana nehunhu hwayo. Identity inosarudza kukwanisa kwemunhu kutora ruzivo rwemunhu uye rwemagariro evanhu uye kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwake uye kuzviisa pasi munyika yekunze inogona kuchinja.

Ichi chimiro chinoumbwa mukuita kwekubatanidza uye kudzoreredzwa padanho re intrapsychic yemhedzisiro yekugadzirisa matambudziko ekutanga epfungwa, imwe neimwe inoenderana neimwe zera rekukura kwehunhu. Muchiitiko chekugadzirisa kwakanaka kweichi kana iyo dambudziko, munhu wacho anowana chaiyo ego-simba, iyo isingataridzi chete kushanda kweunhu, asiwo inobatsira pakuwedzera kwayo. Zvikasadaro, imwe nzira yekubvisa inomuka - rudzi rwe "mupiro" mukuvhiringidzika kwekuzivikanwa.

Erik Erickson, achitsanangura kuzivikanwa, anoitsanangura mune akati wandei, anoti:

• Kuzvimiririra ipfungwa yekuziva yekusiyana kwemunhu uye nehupenyu hwake hwakasiyana.
• Kuzivikanwa uye kuvimbika - pfungwa yekuzivikanwa kwemukati, kuenderera mberi pakati pezvakanga zvakaita munhu munguva yakapfuura uye zvaanovimbisa kuva mune ramangwana; kunzwa kuti upenyu hune kubatana uye chinangwa.
• Kubatana uye synthesis - pfungwa yekunzwana kwemukati uye kubatana, kuumbwa kwemifananidzo yako uye kuzivikanwa kwevana kuita chinhu chine musoro, izvo zvinopa pfungwa yekunzwanana.
• Kubatana kwevanhu (social solidarity) kunzwa kwekubatana kwemukati nezvinangwa zvenzanga neboka diki mariri, manzwiro ekuti kuzivikanwa kwake kune musoro kune vanhu vanoremekedzwa nemunhu uyu (reference group) uye kuti zvinoenderana nezvavanotarisira.

Erickson anosiyanisa pfungwa mbiri dzinopindirana - kuzivikanwa kweboka uye ego-kuzivikanwa. Kuzivikanwa kweboka kunoumbwa nekuda kwekuti kubva pazuva rokutanga rehupenyu, kurerwa kwemwana kunotarirwa pakumubatanidza mune rimwe boka revanhu, pakuvandudza maonero enyika ari muboka iri. Ego-identity inoumbwa mukufambirana nekuzivikanwa kweboka uye inogadzira muchinyorwa pfungwa yekugadzikana uye kuenderera kweYe Yake, kunyangwe shanduko inoitika kumunhu mukukura kwake nekukura.

Kuumbwa kwe-ego-identity kana, nemamwe mazwi, kutendeseka kweunhu hunoenderera mberi kwehupenyu hwemunhu uye hunopfuura nematanho akawanda:

1. Nhanho yekutanga yekukura kwega (kubva pakuberekwa kusvika kune gore). Dambudziko Rekutanga: Kuvimba vs. Kusavimba. Iyo inogona ego-simba reichi nhanho tariro, uye iyo inogona kuparadzaniswa inyonganiso yechinguvana.
2. Chikamu chechipiri chekukura kwemunhu (1 gore kusvika kumakore matatu). Dambudziko rekutanga: Kuzvimiririra vs. Kunyara uye Kusava nechokwadi. Iyo inogona ego-simba ndeyekuda, uye iyo inogona kuparadzaniswa ndeye pathological kuzviziva.
3. Chikamu chechitatu chekukura kwemunhu (kubva pamakore matatu kusvika matanhatu). Dambudziko guru: kutanga maringe nemhosva. Inogona ego-simba kugona kuona chinangwa uye kushingairira icho, uye kungangoita kuparadzaniswa ibasa rakaoma kugadzirisa.
4. Chikamu chechina chekukura kwega (kubva pamakore matanhatu kusvika ku6). Dambudziko Rekutanga: Kugona vs. Kukundikana. Iyo inogona ego-simba kuvimba, uye iyo inogona kuparadzaniswa ndiko kumira kwechiito.
5. Chikamu chechishanu chekukura kwemunhu (kubva pamakore gumi nemaviri kusvika kumakore makumi maviri nerimwe). Dambudziko rekutanga: Kuzivikanwa maringe nekusaziva Kuvhiringidzika. Inogona ego-simba kuzara, uye kungangove kuparadzaniswa kuzere.
6. Nhanho yechitanhatu yekukura kwemunhu (kubva pamakore makumi maviri nerimwe kusvika ku21). Dambudziko guru: kushamwaridzana maringe nekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Iyo inogona ego-simba rudo, uye iyo inogona kuparadzaniswa kurambwa narcissistic.
7. Nhanho yechinomwe yekukura kwemunhu (kubva pamakore makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu). Dambudziko rekutanga: generativity maringe nekumira. Iyo inogona kuve ego-simba kuve nehanya, uye iyo inogona kuparadzaniswa ihudzvanyiriri.
8. Nhanho yechisere yekukura kwemunhu (mushure memakore makumi matanhatu). Dambudziko rekutanga: Kuvimbika maringe nekupererwa. Iyo inogona ego-simba huchenjeri, uye inogona kuparadzaniswa kupererwa.

Nhanho imwe neimwe yehupenyu hwehupenyu inoratidzirwa nebasa rakananga rinoiswa mberi nenzanga. Sosaiti zvakare inosarudza zviri mukati mebudiriro pamatanho akasiyana ehupenyu. Sekureva kwaErickson, mhinduro yedambudziko inotsamira padanho rebudiriro rakatoitwa nemunhu uye nemamiriro emweya enzanga yaanogara.

Shanduko kubva kune imwe nzira yekuzivikanwa kuenda kune imwe inokonzeresa matambudziko ekuzivikanwa. Matambudziko, maererano naErickson, haisi chirwere chemunhu, kwete kuratidzwa kwechirwere chepfungwa, asi kutendeuka, "nguva dzesarudzo pakati pekufambira mberi uye kuzvidzora, kubatanidzwa uye kunonoka."

Kufanana nevazhinji vaongorori vekukura kwezera, Erickson akatarisisa zvakanyanya kune kuyaruka, kunoratidzwa nedambudziko rakanyanyisa. Huduku hwava kupera. Kupedzwa kweiyi nhanho huru yenzira yehupenyu inoratidzirwa nekuumbwa kwekutanga kwakakosha fomu ye ego-identity. Mitsara mitatu yebudiriro inotungamirira kune dambudziko iri: kukurumidza kukura mumuviri uye kuyaruka (the «physiological revolution»); kubatikana ne “matarisiro andinoita mumaziso evamwe”, “zvandiri”; kudiwa kwekutsvaga basa reunyanzvi rinosangana nehunyanzvi hunowanikwa, kugona kwemunhu uye zvinodikanwa zvenzanga.

Dambudziko guru rekuzivikanwa rinowira pakuyaruka. Mhedzisiro yedanho iri rebudiriro kungave kutorwa kwe "chiziviso chevakuru" kana kunonoka kwekukura, kunonzi diffuse identity.

Nguva iri pakati pehudiki nekukura, apo wechidiki anotsvaka kuwana nzvimbo yake munzanga kuburikidza nekuedza uye kukanganisa, Erickson akadana mental motorium. Kuoma kwedambudziko iri kunoenderana nekugadzirisa kwematambudziko ekutanga (kuvimba, rusununguko, chiitiko, nezvimwewo), uye nemamiriro emweya ese munharaunda. Dambudziko risingagoneki rinotungamira kune mamiriro ekuzivikanwa kwakapararira, iyo inoumba hwaro hweiyo yakakosha pathology yekuyaruka. Erickson's Identity Pathology Syndrome:

• kudzoreredza kunhanho yehucheche uye chido chekunonoka kutora kwechimiro chevakuru kwenguva yakareba sezvinobvira;
• chimiro chisina kujeka asi chinopfuurira chefunganyo;
• kunzwa kusurukirwa uye kusava nematuro;
• kugara uri muchimiro chechimwe chinhu chinogona kushandura hupenyu;
• kutya kukurukurirana kwomunhu oga uye kusakwanisa kupesvedzera manzwiro evanhu vechikadzi;
• ruvengo nokuzvidza mabasa ose anozivikanwa munzanga, kunyange murume nomukadzi;
• kuzvidza zvinhu zvese zvemumba uye kuda zvisina musoro kune zvese zvekunze (pamusimboti wekuti "zvakanaka kwatisiri"). Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, pane kutsvaga kwekuzivikanwa kusina kunaka, chido che "kusava chinhu" senzira chete yekuzvisimbisa.

Kutorwa kwekuzivikanwa kuri kuita nhasi iro rakakosha zvakanyanya basa rehupenyu hwemunhu wese uye, hongu, musimboti webasa rehunyanzvi renyanzvi yepfungwa. Pamberi pemubvunzo "Ndiri ani?" zvakakonzeresa kuverengerwa kwemaitiro echinyakare munharaunda. Nhasi, kupfuura nakare kose, kutsvaka mhinduro kunoda ushingi chaihwo nokunzwisisa.