Hope dzinobvepi? Vanodiwa chii? Muzvinafundo Michel Jouvet, muvambi wechikamu chekurara cheREM, anopindura.
Psychology: Hope dzinoonekwa panguva yehope dzinotyisa. Chii uye wakakwanisa sei kuwana kuvapo kwechikamu ichi?
Michel Jouvet: Kurara kweREM kwakawanikwa nerabhoritari yedu muna 1959. Tichidzidza kuumbwa kweconditioned reflexes mumakati, isu tisingatarisiri takanyora chiitiko chinoshamisa chisina kumbotsanangurwa chero kupi zvako. Mhuka yakarara yairatidza kukurumidza kufamba kwemaziso, kusimba kwehuropi, kuita senge panguva yekumuka, uku mhasuru dzaive dzakasununguka. Kuwanikwa uku kwakashandura pfungwa dzedu dzese pamusoro pezviroto kumusoro.
Kare, zvaitendwa kuti kurota mutsara wemifananidzo pfupi iyo munhu anoona pakarepo asati amuka. Mamiriro ezvisikwa zvatakawana hazvisi zvekurara uye kumuka, asi yakakosha, yechitatu. Isu takazvidaidza kuti "kurara kwekupenga" nekuti zvinosanganisa kuzorora kwakazara kwemhasuru dzemuviri uye kusimba kwehuropi kuita; ndiko kusvinura kunoshanda kunonangana mukati.
Kangani pausiku munhu anorota?
Zvina zvishanu. Nguva yezviroto zvekutanga haisi kupfuura maminitsi 18-20, "masesheni" maviri ekupedzisira akareba, 25-30 maminitsi imwe neimwe. Isu tinowanzo kurangarira kurota kwazvino, kunopera nekumuka kwedu. Inogona kuva yakareba kana kuva nezvikamu zvina kana zvishanu zvipfupi - uye zvino zvinoratidzika kwatiri kuti tanga tichirota usiku hwose.
Pane zviroto zvakakosha apo murori anoona kuti chiito hachisi kuitika muchokwadi
Pakazara, zviroto zvedu zvese zvehusiku zvinotora anenge maminetsi makumi mapfumbamwe. Nguva yavo inoenderana nezera. Muvacheche, zviroto zvinoumba 90% yenguva yavo yose yekurara, asi muvakuru inongova 60%. Ndosaka mamwe masayendisiti achipikisa kuti kurara kunoita basa rinokosha mukukura kweuropi.
Iwe zvakare wakaona kuti kune maviri marudzi endangariro anosanganisirwa mukurota…
Ndakasvika kumhedziso iyi nekuongorora zviroto zvangu - 6600, nenzira! Yakanga yatozivikanwa kuti kurota kunoratidza zviitiko zvezuva rakapfuura, zviitiko zvevhiki yapfuura. Asi hezvino iwe, toti, kuAmazon.
Muvhiki yekutanga yerwendo rwako, zviroto zvako zvichaitika mumba mako "zvirongwa", uye gamba ravo rinogona kunge riri muIndia ari mumba mako. Uyu muenzaniso unoratidza kuti kwete kungoyeuka kwenguva pfupi kwezviitiko zvinouya, asiwo yenguva refu yekuyeuka inobatanidzwa mukusikwa kwezviroto zvedu.
Sei vamwe vanhu vasingayeuki zviroto zvavo?
Pane makumi maviri kubva muzana edu pakati pedu. Munhu haayeuki zviroto zvake muzviitiko zviviri. Yokutanga ndeyokuti kana akamuka maminetsi mashomanana mushure mekupera kwehope, panguva ino inonyangarika kubva mundangariro. Imwe tsananguro inopiwa ne psychoanalysis: munhu anomuka, uye "Ini" wake - chimwe chezvivako zvikuru zveunhu - zvakanyanya censors mifananidzo "yakatarisana" kubva pakusaziva. Uye zvose zvinokanganwika.
Kurota kunogadzirwa nei?
Nokuda kwe40% - kubva pane zvinoonekwa zvezuva, uye zvakasara - kubva pazviitiko zvine chokuita nekutya kwedu, kuzvidya mwoyo, kunetseka. Kune zviroto zvakakosha apo muroti anoona kuti chiito hachisi kuitika muchokwadi; varipo - sei kwete? – nezviroto zvechiporofita. Nguva pfupi yapfuura ndakadzidza zviroto zvevaAfrica vaviri. Vave vari muFrance kwenguva refu, asi manheru ega ega vanorota nezvekwavo Africa. Musoro wezviroto uri kure nekuneta nesainzi, uye chidzidzo chitsva chimwe nechimwe chinongosimbisa izvi.
Mushure memakore makumi mana ekutsvakurudza, unogona here kupindura mubvunzo kuti sei munhu achida zviroto?
Kuodza mwoyo - kwete! Chichiri chakavanzika. Neuroscientists havazive kuti zviroto ndezvei, sezvavasingazive chaizvo kuti kuziva chii. Kwenguva yakareba zvakatendwa kuti zviroto zvinodiwa kuzadza matura ekurangarira kwedu. Ipapo vakaona kuti mukusavapo kwechikamu chekurara uye zviroto zvinokatyamadza, munhu haaitirwe matambudziko nendangariro kana kufunga.
Zviroto zvinofambisa mamwe maitiro ekudzidza uye zvine chekuita neramangwana redu.
Chirungu biophysicist Francis Crick akaisa mberi fungidziro inopesana: zviroto zvinobatsira kukanganwa! Ndiko kuti, uropi, kufanana nekombiyuta huru, inoshandisa zviroto kudzima ndangariro dzisingakoshi. Asi munyaya iyi, munhu asingaoni zviroto angave akaora mwoyo zvakanyanya. Uye izvi hazvina kudaro. Mukutaura, kune akawanda machena makwapa kazhinji. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekurara kweREM, muviri wedu unoshandisa oxygen yakawanda kupfuura panguva yekumuka. Uye hapana anoziva chikonzero!
Iwe wakafungidzira kuti zviroto zvinoita kuti pfungwa dzedu dzishande.
Ndichataura zvimwe: mangwana anozvarwa muzviroto, vanorigadzirira. Chiito chavo chinogona kufananidzwa nenzira yekuona mupfungwa: semuenzaniso, manheru emakwikwi, skier mupfungwa inomhanya nzira yese nemeso akavharwa. Kana tikayera basa rehuropi hwake nerubatsiro rwezviridzwa, isu tichawana data rakafanana sekunge anga atove munzira!
Mukati mechikamu chehope dzinoshamisa, maitiro ehuropi mamwe chetewo anoitika semumunhu ari kumuka. Uye mukati mezuva, uropi hwedu hunokurumidza kuita iyo chikamu chetsinga chaibatanidzwa panguva yezviroto zvehusiku. Nokudaro, zviroto zvinofambisa mamwe maitiro ekudzidza uye zvine hukama zvakananga neramangwana redu. Unogona kududzira iyo aphorism: Ini ndinorota, saka, ramangwana riripo!
Nezve nyanzvi
Michel Jouvet - neurophysiologist uye neurologist, mumwe wevatatu "baba vakavamba" vemazuva ano somnology (saenzi yekurara), nhengo yeNational Academy yeScience yeFrance, inotungamirira tsvakurudzo pamusoro pemhando yekurara uye zviroto paFrench National Institute of Health uye Medical Research. .