Mukati
- Vabereki: Une ndangariro yemagazini yeParents here?
- Vacheche vaionekwa sei panguva iyoyo?
- Vabereki vakashanduka sei?
- Ichi ndicho chinhu chakarasika manje? Hatina kurasikirwa here ne“nzvimbo yedu yechisikigo”, ingave iri pedyo nemhuri yakakura here?
- Nzira yekubatsira vabereki?
- Iwe unosimbirira kuti vana vasatarise chero zvikwangwani kusvika pazera re3, asi zvakadini nevabereki? Vanofanirawo kusiya chikoro here?
- Panyaya yemhirizhonga mudzidzo, mutemo wekurova wakadzikwa – nedambudziko – gore rapfuura, asi wakwana here?
- Kana tikatarisa makore makumi mashanu kubva zvino, tinogona kufungidzira kuti vabereki vachange vakaita sei?
Boris Cyrulnik ndiye neuropsychiatrist uye nyanzvi mukuzvibata kwevanhu. Sachigaro wekomiti yenyanzvi pa "mazuva ekutanga e1000 emwana", akaendesa mushumo kuMutungamiriri weRepublic pakutanga kwaSeptember, izvo zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwezororo revabereki kusvika kumazuva makumi maviri nemasere. Anotarisa kumashure nesu pamakore makumi mashanu ekudzidza hukama hwevabereki nemwana.
Vabereki: Une ndangariro yemagazini yeParents here?
Boris Cyrulnik: Mumakore makumi mashanu okurovedza, kazhinji kazhinji ndakairava kuti ndione zvose zviri zviviri zvinetso izvo vabereki vari kutarisana nazvo uye kurava zvinyorwa pamusoro pefambiro mberi yezvokurapa kana kuti yenzanga pamhuri kana kuti vacheche. Ndakabvunzurudzwa imomo kaviri kana katatu, nguva imwe neimwe mukufambira mberi mune zvokurapa. Zvakanyanya muna 1983, patakatanga kuratidza kuti mwana ainzwa kuderera kwemhepo muchibereko chaamai kubva pavhiki rechimakumi maviri nenomwe reamenorrhea *. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti panguva iyoyo, yaive yechimurenga! Izvi zvakavhiringidza vanhu vakawanda avo mwana, kusvikira ataura, hapana chaaigona kunzwisisa.
Vacheche vaionekwa sei panguva iyoyo?
BC Kwete zvakawanda kana zvishoma pane maturakiti ekugaya. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva: panguva yezvidzidzo zvangu zveyunivhesiti, takadzidziswa kuti mucheche haakwanisi kutambura nokuti (zvichida) magumo ake etsinga akanga asati apedza kukura kwavo (!). Kusvikira kuma80s nema90s, vacheche vakanga vasingafambi uye vakavhiyiwa pasina anesthesia. Panguva yezvidzidzo zvangu uye zvemudzimai wangu aivawo chiremba, takaderedza kuputsika, matinji kana kubvisa matonsi muvana vari pasi pegore rimwe chete pasina anesthesia. Sezvineiwo, zvinhu zvakashanduka zvakanyanya: makore gumi apfuura, pandakatora muzukuru wangu kuti asonanidzwe arch, mukoti akaisa chiveve paari mudzidzi asati auya kuzosona. Tsika dzezvokurapa dzakashandukawo: semuenzaniso, vabereki vakarambidzwa kuuya kuzoona vacheche pavakaiswa muchipatara, uye zvino tinoona makamuri mazhinji umo vabereki vanogona kugara navo. Haisati yasvika 10%, zvinoenderana nechirwere, asi isu takanzwisisa kuti mwana achangozvarwa aingoda kuvepo kwechimiro chekunamatira, angave amai kana baba.
Vabereki vakashanduka sei?
BC Makore makumi mashanu apfuura, vakadzi vaiva nevana kare. Zvakanga zvisingashamisi kuti mukadzi atove amai pa50 kana 18. Uye musiyano nazvino ndewekuti aive asiri ega zvachose. Amai vechidiki vakanga vakakomberedzwa mumuviri uye mupfungwa nemhuri yavo, iyo yaimubatsira, yakashanda semutambi.
Ichi ndicho chinhu chakarasika manje? Hatina kurasikirwa here ne“nzvimbo yedu yechisikigo”, ingave iri pedyo nemhuri yakakura here?
BC Ehe. Tinocherechedza, kunyanya nekuda kwebasa raClaude de Tychey, kuti kune kuwedzera uye "kuora mwoyo kusati kwaberekwa", kupfuura mushure mokuberekwa. Sei ? Imwe yefungidziro ndeyekuti amai vari kuita mwana iye zvino vatova nemakore makumi matatu, vanogara kure nemhuri yavo uye vanozviona vazviparadzanisa nevamwe. Kana mwana wake azvarwa, haazive maitiro ekuyamwisa – kazhinji haasati amboona mwana achiyamwa mwana wake wekutanga – mbuya havapo nekuti vanogara kure uye vane zvavanoita , baba voenda. iye ega kudzokera kubasa. Imhirizhonga huru kwazvo kuna amai vadiki. Nharaunda yedu, sekurongeka kwayo, haisi chinhu chinodzivirira kuna amai vadiki… uye nekudaro kumwana. Amai vanonyanya kunetseka kubva pakutanga kwemimba. Isu tave kutoona mhedzisiro muUnited States neJapan uko vacheche vane 30% kuti vasimbiswe. Nokudaro kudiwa, maererano nebasa re40 Days Commission, kusiya mukana wekuti baba vagare pedyo naamai kwenguva refu. (Chiziviso chemupepeti: Izvi ndizvo zvakasarudzwa neMutungamiri Macron nekuwedzera zororo rebaba kusvika kumazuva makumi maviri nemasere, kunyangwe komisheni yemazuva zana yakakurudzira mavhiki mapfumbamwe.
Nzira yekubatsira vabereki?
BC Takatanga 1000 days komisheni yekusangana nevemangwana vabereki vaviri. Kwatiri hatingafarire vabereki kana nhumbu yatova munzira nekuti inenge yatononokerwa. Tinofanira kutarisira avo vakaroorana vevabereki, kuvakomberedza uye kuvapa rubatsiro kunyange vasati varonga mwana. Amai vakazviparadzanisa nevamwe havazofari. Haazonakidzwa ari nemwana wake. Achakurira muurombo hwekunzwa niche. Izvi zvinotungamira kune kusachengeteka kubatanidzwa kunozokanganisa zvakanyanya mwana mushure, kana apinda mukireshi kana kuchikoro. Chimbichimbi nekudaro kubatsira madzimai akazvitakura, kuvakomberedza, nekuti ndivo vacheche vachabatsirikana nazvo. Pakutumwa, tinoda kuti vanababa vavepo zvakanyanya mumhuri, kuitira kuti pave nekugoverana kuri nani kwemabasa evabereki. Izvi hazvizotsiva mhuri yakatambanudzwa, asi zvinounza amai kubva mukuzviparadzanisa kwavo. Hasha huru ndeyekuparadzaniswa naamai.
Iwe unosimbirira kuti vana vasatarise chero zvikwangwani kusvika pazera re3, asi zvakadini nevabereki? Vanofanirawo kusiya chikoro here?
BC Zvechokwadi, isu zvino tinoona zvakajeka kuti mucheche akave akaratidzirwa kune dzakawanda zvikwangwani achave nekunonoka kwemutauro, kunonoka kwekukura, asi zvakare nokuti kazhinji, mwana uyu haazove akatarisa pachake. . Takanga taratidza, kumashure kuma80s, kuti mwana akatariswa nababa kana amai vake achimwiswa mubhodhoro anoyamwa zvakanyanya uye zviri nani. Chatinocherekedza ndechekuti kana baba kana amai vakapedza nguva yavo vakatarisa nharembozha yavo pane kuona mwana, mwana anenge asisanyanyi kukurudzirwa. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kugadzirisa matambudziko kune vamwe: nguva yekutaura, papi nzwi. Izvi zvichava nemigumisiro pahupenyu hwake hwemangwana, kuchikoro, nevamwe.
Panyaya yemhirizhonga mudzidzo, mutemo wekurova wakadzikwa – nedambudziko – gore rapfuura, asi wakwana here?
BC Kwete, humbowo hunonyanya kujeka ndehwekuti mutemo wemhirizhonga mudzimba wavepo kwenguva yakareba, uye kuti mhirizhonga ichiripo muvakaroorana, iri kuramba ichiwedzera kunyangwe kuita zvepabonde kunowedzera. Zvisinei, ongororo dzakaratidza kuti mwana anoona chisimba chiri pakati pevabereki vake achaona kukura kwouropi hwake kuchichinja zvachose. Zvakafanana nechisimba chinoitwa pamwana, ingave chisimba chemuviri kana nemashoko (kunyadziswa, nezvimwewo). Isu tava kuziva kuti mafungiro aya ane mhedzisiro pahuropi. Chokwadika, kwakanga kuri madikanwa kurambidza miitiro iyi, asi zvino, tinofanira kukomba vabereki ndokuvadzidzisa kuvabetsera kuita zvakasiyana. Hazvisi nyore kana wakarerwa mumhirizhonga iwe pachako, asi nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti kana wangomisa mhirizhonga, uye watangazve hukama hwakachengeteka nemwana wako. , uropi hwake - hunogadzira masinapse akawanda matsva sekondi yega yega - hunokwanisa kugadziridza zvachose, mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere. Zvinokurudzira zvikuru, nokuti zvinhu zvose zvinodzorerwa. Kuti zvive nyore, vana vari nyore kukuvadza, asi zvakare nyore kugadzirisa.
Kana tikatarisa makore makumi mashanu kubva zvino, tinogona kufungidzira kuti vabereki vachange vakaita sei?
BC Mumakore makumi mashanu, munhu anogona kufungidzira kuti vabereki vachazvironga zvakasiyana. Kubatsirana kunofanira kudzoserwa mukati mevanhu vedu. Nokuda kweizvi, tinofanira kutora muenzaniso kubva kunyika dzokumusoro, dzakadai seFinland uko vabereki vanozvironga vamene. Vanoumba mapoka ane ushamwari evakadzi vane pamuviri nevacheche uye vanobatsirana. Tinogona kufungidzira kuti muFrance, mapoka aya achatsiva mhuri yakakura. Vanamai vaigona kuunza vana chiremba, vananyamukuta, nyanzvi dzepfungwa mumapoka avo kuti vadzidze zvinhu. Asi pamusoro pezvose, vacheche vaizokurudzirwa zvakanyanya uye vabereki vaizonzwa vachitsigirwa uye vachitsigirwa nenharaunda ine manzwiro akavapoteredza. Ndizvo zvandinoda zvakadaro!
* Kushanda naMarie-Claire Busnel, muongorori uye nyanzvi mune intrauterine life, kuCNRS.