Mukati
Inofungidzirwa seimwe yekare-kare - maitiro ekuvandudza kwayo akatanga anenge zviuru zvina zvemakore apfuura uye yakanga yakabatana zvisingaenzaniswi nenhoroondo yevaJudha pachavo. Achidzungaira pasirese kwemazana emakore, iye zvishoma nezvishoma akagamuchira chiitiko chekugadzirira chemamwe marudzi, izvo zvakachinjisa chikafu chake.
Anenge zviuru zviviri zvemakore apfuura, chikafu chevaJuda chakakamurwa kuita mamiriro сефардскою uye Ashkenazi… Izvi zvakaitika nekuda kwekudzingwa kwemaJuda kubva kuPalestine. Yekutanga yakabatana tsika dzekudya dzevanhu vanobva kuYemen, Morocco neSpain, uye wechipiri - kubva kuFrance, Russia, Germany, Poland neEastern Europe. Uyezve, ivo vachiripo uye vane hunhu hwavo.
Sephardic cuisine inosiyaniswa nekuravira kwayo kwakapfuma uye zvakasiyana uye ichiyeuchidza nezveMediterranean kana Middle East chikafu, nepo Ashkenazi inoratidzirwa nekuzvidzora uye kureruka. Kunyange zvakadaro, imomo mairi mune yakasarudzika madhishi akagadzirwa kubva padiki yezvigadzirwa, asi ane yakasarudzika kuravira. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti maJuda pachawo aigara muEurope zvisina hunyanzvi uye vakamanikidzwa kuve vepamusoro kuti vadye mhuri hombe inonaka uye inogutsa nguva dzese.
Yakakurumbira yechikafu chechiJuda - mune yechokwadi uye yakagadzikana tsika yekubika. Vakamira muedzo wenguva uye kudzungaira kwevanhu vavo pasi rose uye vachiri kupfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa. Chekutanga pane zvese, tiri kutaura nezvemitemo yekosher. Iyi ndiyo mimwe mitemo inogadzirwa maererano nayo kudya kwemitambo uye kwezuva nezuva kwevaJudha. Vakakurumbira vavo vanorambidza kubatanidza huku nemukaka mundiro, kudya ropa nenguruve, uye kumanikidza vakadzi vemba kushandisa mapanga akasiyana ezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana.
Kudya uye zvigadzirwa zvinotenderwa kudyiwa zvinodanwa kosher… Izvi zvinosanganisira nyama, mukaka, uye zvekudya zvisina kwazvakarerekera. Iyo yekupedzisira inosanganisa miriwo, michero, huchi, nzungu, hove ine zviyero, nezvimwe. Isiri-kosher nyama itsuro, nyama yengamera, nyama yeshiri dzinodya nyama uye mhuka, hove dzisina zviyero, ropa remhuka, zvipembenene, zvinokambaira nemaamphibian.
Chikafu chinonyanya kufarira chemaJuda nyama yehuku uye hanzi mafuta, huku, carp, pike, karoti, beet, kabichi, hanyanisi, radishes, mbatatisi, nyama yemombe uye nyama yechiropa. Kana zviri zvezvinwiwa, ivo vanofarira tii, yakasimba kofi nhema. Kubva padoro ivo vanosarudza aniseed vodka uye yakanaka yemuno waini.
Nzira dzakakurumbira dzekubika ndedze:
Chikafu chevaJuda chinodadisa huwandu hwakawanda hwedhishi rekutanga riine hwema hwekunhuhwirira uye hwema. Ichi chikafu chine michero uye mbatatisi dzakabikwa, radish yakabikwa muuchi, nyama ine zvinonhuwira zvinoshamisa, tsimes - inotapira yemiriwo.
Zvakangodaro, ine yakasarudzika madhishi inozivikanwa chero kupi pasirese, ayo akaumba hwaro hwayo kwemazana emakore mazhinji, anoti:
Matzo.
Forshmak.
Hummus.
Chickpea nuggets.
Fried artichokes.
Latkes.
Nyuchi muto ine dumplings yakavakirwa pasi matzo.
Cholnt.
Gefilte hove.
Matsebray.
Misha.
Mhoro.
Bagels.
Homentashen.
Suffia.
Hutano Mabhenefiti echiJuda Chikafu
Kunyangwe zvese zvinorambidzwa, chikafu chechiJuda chakasiyana zvakasiyana. Iyo yakavakirwa pane nyama uye hove ndiro, iyo, kuve yakakwira-koriori uye chikafu chinovaka muviri, inosvinwa nyore nemuviri. Uye iwo anowanzo kuve akarongedzwa neakawanda huwandu hwezvinonhuwira, nekuti sekureva kwechirevo chechiJuda chekare "Mune chikafu chisina zvinonhuwira, hapana betsero kana mufaro."
Mukuwedzera, ndiro dzakagadzirirwa pano chete kubva kune zvakanaka, zvakanyatsosarudzwa uye zvakashambwa zvigadzirwa izvo zvisina kukanganisa. Uye mitemo yekosher pachayo inodzokorora chirevo chinozivikanwa cheHippocrates chokuti munhu ndizvo zvaanodya. Nenzira, vakagamuchira kururamiswa kwezvokurapa kare kare.
Sekureva kwake, chisina-kosher chikafu chinokanganisa mwero wemweya wemunhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, nekudya nyama yemhuka dzine hukasha, iye pachake anova nehasha. Nekudaro, kushandisa chikafu chekosher, iyo inosanganisira zvese zvekudya zvezvirimwa mune yavo yekutanga fomu, iye anova nehungwaru uye hutano.
Chikafu chinobikwa pano chete mumidziyo ye kosher, iyo inodururwa nemvura irikufashaira kana kuboorwa pamoto, uye haizive maitiro akashata. Ndokusaka nheyo dzekudya kosher kazhinji dzinogamuchirwa nevadi vehupenyu hwakanaka.
Nhasi, avhareji yeupenyu hunotarisirwa hwevaIsrael ndeimwe yepamusoro-soro muWestern world, pamakore makumi masere nemasere evakadzi uye makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe evarume. Mune dzimwe nyika, zvakadaro, zvinoenderana zvikuru nedanho rekuvandudza hupfumi uye tsika dzevanhu vacho.
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