Karkade

Hibiscus chinwiwa chakapfuma cheburgundy herbal tea yakagadzirwa kubva kune akaomeswa bracts eSudan rose maruva kubva kuHibiscus genus. Mamwe mazita: "mallow yeVenice", "kandahar", "kunwa kwevafarao", kenaf, okra.

Hibiscus ndicho chinwiwa chenyika cheEgypt, chine kutapira uye kuvava. Nyika yekwaKandahar iIndia, inorimwa pachiyero cheindasitiri muThailand, China, uye nzvimbo dzinopisa dzeAmerica. Hibiscus yakawana mukurumbira mukuru munyika dzeArab. Mukuwedzera pakupedza nyota, inoshandiswa mumishonga yevanhu se“mushonga wezvirwere zvose.”

Zvinotendwa kuti zvinhu zvinopa ruvara rutsvuku kune chirimwa (anthocyanins) zvinoratidza P-vitamin chiitiko, zvinogadzirisa kupera kwemadziro emidziyo yeropa. A decoction yehibiscus ine antipyretic, diuretic, antispasmodic properties, ine antioxidants inodzivirira muviri kubva kune oxidation, uye inononoka kukwegura.

Sezvineiwo, tii inoonekwa sechinwiwa chakakurumbira munyika, ichiteverwa nedoro. Iyo dzvuku pigment yehibiscus inoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvekudya kugadzira madhayi echisikigo.

Nhoroondo yezvakaitika

Hibiscus chirimwa chisingaremekedzi, mbeu dzayo dzakaunzwa kubva kuIndia kuenda kuMalaysia neAfrica, ipapo Brazil, Jamaica.

Muna 1892, mafekitori maviri akavhurwa muQueensland (Australia) pakugadzirwa kwetii mbishi zvinhu. Muna 2, purazi rekutanga rehibiscus muCalifornia rakaiswa mukushanda. Uye muna 1895, kurima kwemaindasitiri muHawaii kwakatanga.

Kusvika pakati pezana ramakore re1960, hibiscus yaionekwa sechirimwa chikuru chakarimwa mumayadhi akavanzika kuMidwest. Muna XNUMX, dutu rine simba "rakafamba" mumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba kweUnited States, iro rakaparadza zvirimwa zvechirimwa. Neizvi, nguva yekurima hibiscus muAmerica pachiyero cheindasitiri yakapedzwa.

Variety Features

Kubva 1920 kusvika nhasi, marudzi maviri ehibiscus akasiyaniswa:

  1. "Rosella". Iyi mhando yeSudan rose inokura muIndia. Chinwiwa chitsvuku chakajeka chinokurumidza kupedza nyota, chinonyatso ratidza kuravira mumhando inopisa uye inotonhora, umo zvinyorwa zvefruity zvinotevedzwa zvakajeka.
  2. "Hibiscus subdarifa". Yakagadzirirwa kuvandudza kuravira kwekusanganiswa kwetii. Iyi mhando yehibiscus inobikwa mune yayo yakachena fomu, inoshandiswa seyakazvimiririra mbishi zvinhu kana kuwedzerwa sekuzadza kune muchero, ruva, girinhi kana dema tii. Yakarimwa muEgypt neSudan.

Mukuwedzera, marudzi anotevera e hibiscus anosiyaniswa, anokura chete muPhilippines:

  1. "Rico". Iyi ndiyo mhando yakajairika, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvekudya. Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvakasiyana-siyana ndeye inflorescences yakakura uye zvibereko zvakakwirira.
  2. "Victor". Iyi imhando yechirimwa yakaoma kudarika 'Rico' uye ine inflorescences shoma padzinde pane yakatangira.
  3. "Archer" kana "white sorrel". Chimiro chechimiro chezvipenyu idiki diki dzvuku pigment, iyo iyo "Rico" uye "Victor" vane. Nekuda kweizvi, madzinde e'Archer' akasvibira, akaoma uye ane fibrous. Chigadziko uye petals inopenya yero kana yakasvibira machena. Nhamba ye inflorescences mune chena sorrel ndeye 2 kaviri kupfuura mumhando dzakapfuura. Sezvineiwo, iyi mhando yehibiscus inowanzoshandiswa mukudya, maindasitiri e bast pane kugadzira tii. Zvese zvikamu zvechirimwa zvinodyiwa uye zvinowedzerwa kumasaladhi. Tii inobikwa kubva mupfuri inopenya, ine mwenje weyero-yegirini tint.

Hibiscus inoda mwando, inonzwa kune chando. Nzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekurima chirimwa inzvimbo dzinopisa, dzinopisa dzinonaya mvura inosvika 70 - 80%, nehupamhi hunopfuura 900 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Iine yakasimba deciduous chimiro, hibiscus inoda kugara ichidiridza mumamiriro ehunyoro hwakaderera.

Kukohwa kwechirimwa kunoenderana nevhu rekurima, zviri nani kuti rive rakaorera. Zvisinei, iwe unogona kudyara hibiscus pane yakapera oolitic limestone kana sandy loam, iyo inotora midzi zvakanaka. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, simiti inoputika nekusava nemaruva, branching stems uye inopera.

Propagation nzira: mbeu kana cuttings.

Kushandiswa kwezvokudya

Mukubika, chigadziko chemuti chinoshandiswa, iyo capsule yembeu uye maruva petals inoparadzaniswa kubva kwavari. Mune chimiro ichi, hibiscus flower cup yakagadzirira kushandiswa mukudya. Munyika dzakasiyana, ndiro dzakasiyana dzakagadzirirwa kubva kuhibiscus. MuAfrica, makapu emaruva nenzungu dzakatswanyiwa zvinoshandiswa kugadzira ndiro dzepadivi, sosi kana kuti mapayi.

Maruva emaruva uye zvigadziro zvitsva zvakachekwa, zvichipfuura nepakati peguyo renyama uye sieve, inoshandiswa kugadzira chutney, jelly, syrup kana jam. Kuti unyorove, kuwedzera kunhuhwirira uye kuravira, maruva akawanda anodururwa nemvura inopisa kwemaminitsi makumi maviri.

MuPakistan's confectionery industry, hibiscus inoshanda sesosi yepectin inodyika, ine zvinhu zvinosunga. Inoshandiswa kugadzira jelly-like treats. Kureva, mapfekero emichero saladi, icing yemakeke, pudding. Jelly-like sosi nemasyrups akawanda muwaffles, ice cream, gingerbread nemapancake.

MuLatin America neWestern India, hibiscus inokosheswa sechitubu chekugadzirira zvinwiwa zvinozorodza, izvo zvinogovaniswa mumidziyo yakavharwa, mabhodhoro, uye zvirongo zvakavharwa. MuEgypt, vanonwa muzhizha nechando, muMexico - munguva yechando inopisa. MuWest Africa, zvigadziko zvehibiscus uye inflorescences zvinoshandiswa kugadzira waini tsvuku.

Sezvineiwo, muJamaica, chinwiwa chechinyakare cheKisimusi chinogadzirwa pahwaro hwehibiscus. Kugadzira chinwiwa chinozorodza, hibiscus yakaoma yakaoma inosimwa kwezuva muhari yevhu ine shuga, ginger yakakanyiwa, uye mvura inopisa. Rumu inowedzerwa kune chinwiwa isati yanwa. Inwa chilled.

MuWest Africa, madiki ehibiscus madzinde uye mashizha anoshandiswa kugadzira saladi nekuwedzera kwenyama kana hove, miriwo nemiriwo. Mukuwedzera, mbeu yakakangwa yemiti inoshandiswa sechinzvimbo chekofi chaiyo.

Kemikemu yakagadzirwa

100 magiramu ezvimedu zvakaomeswa kubva pachigadziko chehibiscus chine:

  • mvura - 9,2 g;
  • fiber yemiriwo - 12,0 gramu;
  • mafuta - 2,31 magiramu;
  • mapuroteni - 1,145 magiramu.

Iyo vhitamini uye mamineral kuumbwa kweSudan rose maruva anomiririrwa neanotevera zvinovaka muviri:

  • calcium - 1263 milligrams;
  • phosphorus - 273,3 milligrams;
  • simbi - 8,98 milligrams;
  • ascorbic acid (C) - 6,7 milligrams;
  • nicotinic acid (PP) - 3,77 milligrams;
  • riboflavin (B2) - 0,277 milligrams;
  • thiamine (B1) - 0,117 milligrams;
  • carotene (A) - 0,029 milligrams.

Mavhitamini nemamineral makomponi anobatanidzwa mukufamba kwebiochemical reactions, ive nechokwadi chekuita kwakaringana kwemaitiro emuviri.

Simba reshiyo B : W : U iri 24% : 0% : 48%.

Mukuwedzera, hibiscus inosanganisira:

  1. Anthocyanins. Ivo vanoratidza antitumor zvivakwa, vanopwanya lipids, kusimbisa madziro etsinga, uye kugadzirisa kwavo kupera.
  2. Organic acids (tartaric, citric, malic). Vane disinfectant, bactericidal action, kubvisa kuzvimba, kusimbisa simba rekudzivirira kwemuviri.
  3. Antioxidants. Vanobvisa mamiriro ekupisa, kuratidza antispasmodic properties, kurwisa kuzvimba.
  4. Polysaccharides. Chengetedza kusimba kwemadziro emasero, shanda semupi wesimba, kusimudzira kugadzirisa kwematishu.
  5. Flavonoids. Kudzivirira sclerotic maronda, kunatsiridza elasticity yemidziyo yeropa.
  6. Pectins. Adsorb zvinhu zvinokuvadza, kudzikamisa mabasa emudumbu, kukurudzira kuchenesa.

Inobatsira uye inokuvadza zvivakwa

Infusions kubva kumaruva makapu uye hibiscus mashizha anoshandiswa muvanhu, mishonga yechinyakare muIndia, Africa neMexico se antipyretic, hypotensive, diuretic uye choleretic agent. Vanoderedza viscosity yeropa, vanokurudzira intestinal motility. Mukuwedzera, iyo anthelmintic, antibacterial, hypotensive uye antispasmodic zvimiro zvechinwiwa chetii zvino zvakasimbiswa nesainzi.

MuGuatemala, maruva uye muto kubva kuSudan rose anoshandiswa kurwisa hangover. MuEast Africa, yakasanganiswa nemolasses, mhiripiri nemunyu, nechikosoro.

MuIndia, decoction yembeu yehibiscus inoshandiswa se diuretic uye astringent. MuBrazil, hibiscus midzi inobikwa uye vagari vemo vanosuka miromo yavo nemhinduro inoguma pane kukwesha mazino avo usiku.

Mukuwedzera kune kushandiswa kwemukati, mashizha emuti anoshandiswa kunze, anopisa uye anoshandiswa kune dambudziko munzvimbo dzeganda (ne purulent formation, maronda). Vanobatsira pakurapa kwetrophic ulcers.

Mishonga yeKandahar:

  1. Inopikisa kukura kwehutachiona, mabhakitiriya, anoshanda semushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya.
  2. Inovandudza kugadzirwa kwebile.
  3. Inobvisa kuzvimba, inobvisa mvura yakawandisa, inobvisa scurvy (petioles nembeu).
  4. Inonyaradza hurongwa hwetsinga, inogadzirisa chigaro (mudzi).
  5. Inogadzirisa nguva yekuenda kumwedzi muvakadzi nekubvisa spasms yemhasuru dzakatsetseka dzechibereko (muto).
  6. Zvinofadza zvinokanganisa chiropa uye itsvo (kubvisa kubva pamaruva).
  7. Normalizes blood pressure (decoction).
  8. Inomutsa bvudzi kukura.
  9. Inochenesa muviri (inobvisa zvisina kufanira metabolic zvigadzirwa, zvinorema simbi, chepfu, unoxidized zvinhu, zvisina kugadziriswa chikafu masara).
  10. Inobvisa marwadzo emudumbu.
  11. Inoderedza cholesterol mazinga, inosimbisa mwoyo.
  12. Inodzivirira kukura kweakaipa neoplasms.
  13. Inobvisa zvinokonzerwa nedoro kudhakwa kwemuviri.
  14. Inomhanyisa metabolism, inokurudzira kupisa kwemafuta.
  15. Inovandudza ndangariro, inomutsa basa rehuropi.

Hibiscus petals anoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvizoro kugadzirwa kwezvinonhuhwirira, anti-kuchembera ganda rekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa, foam yekugezera, shampoos.

Liquid inotorwa kubva kumaruva matsva nemashizha eSudan rose inodzivirira kukura kwe staphylococcus strains, ine antibacterial chiitiko kurwisa bacilli, inouraya inokuvadza intestinal microorganisms, ichichengetedza microflora inobatsira.

Iyo anti-inflammatory effect yehibiscus inoshandiswa mukurapa kwezvirwere zvekumusoro kwekufema turakiti (bronchitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis) uye urinary turakiti (cystitis).

Sezvineiwo, muChina, maruva eSudan rose anoshandiswa senzira yekujairisa kutenderera kweropa, kudzivirira kuumbwa kweropa mumuviri.

Mukuwedzera, zvinotapira uye zvakasvibirira zvinwiwa zvitsvuku zvinovandudza mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinoratidzwa:

  • kushushikana kwekutya;
  • kurasikirwa nenzara;
  • kuneta kusingaperi;
  • kuwedzera chiitiko chemuviri.

Kuti uvandudze ruvara, decoction yehibiscus yakaomeswa nechando muchimiro che cubes, iyo inofanirwa kupukuta zuva nezuva (mangwanani nemanheru) pahuma, matama, mhino uye chirebvu. Uye kuderedza mafuta ebvudzi, tii ichangobva kubikwa kubva kumaruva ehibiscus inotonhodzwa kusvika kukushisa kwekamuri, yakashambidzwa nevhudzi rakashambwa.

Contraindication:

  • mudumbu chironda, gastritis;
  • tsika yeallergies;
  • vana kusvika pagore;
  • lactation period;
  • kuwedzera kwecholelithiasis uye urolithiasis;
  • kuwedzera acidity yemudumbu;
  • kushaya hope;
  • kusawirirana kwevanhu.

Hibiscus kune mwoyo

Masayendisiti eAmerica akaita ongororo yekuongorora umo vanhu makumi matanhatu nemana vezera rakasiyana-siyana vane zvirwere zvemoyo wemoyo. Vanhu vakakamurwa kuita mapoka akaenzana. Yokutanga yakapiwa hibiscus herbal tea katatu pazuva kwemwedzi 64, imwe yacho yakapiwa placebo, iyo, mukuravira uye chitarisiko, yakafanana nemapiritsi emazuva ano epakati. Pakupera kwekuedza, vatori vechikamu vose vakaiswa pasi pekuongororwa kwechiremba kwakakwana.

Saka, muboka rekutanga, kuderera kwekumanikidzwa ne6-13% kwakanyorwa, mune yechipiri - ne1,3%. Masayendisiti akasvika kumhedziso yekuti kurapwa kwehibiscus flower tii kunokonzerwa nezviri muflavonoids uye phenolic acids (antioxidants), iyo inoumba chidziviriro chechisikigo kurwisa zvinokuvadza zvemahara radicals. Kutenda kune iyi pfuma, hibiscus inoderedza njodzi yekuvandudza moyo pathologies senge sitiroko, arrhythmia, kurwisa kwemoyo.

Panguva yekuedza, hapana mimwe migumisiro yakaonekwa. Chimiro chikuru hachisi chokunwa chinwiwa chinoporesa padumbu risina chinhu, sezvo muto une zvakawanda zvechisikigo acids.

Kuti uvandudze mamiriro uye kuenzanisa kudzvinyirira, hibiscus inofanira kudyiwa nguva dzose, kanenge katatu kapu pazuva (3 milliliters imwe neimwe) kwemavhiki matanhatu. Zvikasadaro, hauzonzwa mhedzisiro yayo inooneka pamuviri.

Nzira yekushandisa hibiscus?

Kugadzirira chinwiwa chemishonga, maruva ehibiscus anogona kubikwa nenzira yakachena kana zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuwedzerwa: zvidimbu zvemichero, majiroji, cardamom, mint, lemon balm, uchi, vanilla ice cream, sinamoni, ginger.

Vagari vekune dzimwe nyika dzinopisa vanopwanya mashizha eSudan rose voawedzera kumasaladhi emuriwo, uye shandisa mhodzi sezvinonhuwira zvekosi dzekutanga.

Hibiscus inowedzera zvinonaka zvitsva kune jelly, jamu, makeke, zvinwiwa zvemichero.

Chinwiwa chemishonga chitsvuku chakajeka chakashanda chinopisa kana kutonhora (ine kana isina shuga). Muchiitiko chechipiri, inodururwa mumagirazi, yakashongedzwa neshanga.

Nzira yekusarudza sei?

Unhu hwechigadzirwa zvakananga hunoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekuunganidza, kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa. Paunenge uchitenga tii, kutanga kwezvose, teerera kune ruvara rwe kenaf. Nekuoma kwakakodzera, maruva anofanira kunge ari burgundy kana yakadzika mutsvuku. Kana dzakasviba kana dzakasvibira, saka hunyoro hwakanyungudika kubva kumapetali nenzira isiriyo. Hibiscus kubva kune zvakasvibirira zvakadaro zvichange zvisina kunaka.

Unhu hwechinwiwa hunokanganiswa nehukuru hwehibiscus petals. Akaiswa mumabhegi kana maruva ehupfu anoonekwa seyakajairika tii. Ichi chigadzirwa chepasi-giredhi chinonaka. Chinonyanya kukosha uye chinobatsira chinwiwa chakabikwa kubva kuzere petals yeSudan rose.

Mushure mekutenga, hibiscus inodururwa mumidziyo yekeramic, yakavharwa zvakasimba nevhavha. Hupenyu hwesherufu yemaruva akaomeswa hunosvika 1 gore.

Zvinofadza kuti hibiscus ruva muHawaiian Islands inoonekwa sechiratidzo chekunaka kwevakadzi, saka vamiririri vehafu yakanaka yevanhu vanowanzoipinza kune vhudzi ravo.

Nzira yekubika hibiscus?

Iwo akakosha postulates ekuita chinwiwa chinonaka chine hutano kubva kumaruva ehibiscus:

  1. Hibiscus petals inofanira kuva yakakwana, mumatambudziko makuru, zvikamu zvakakura. Kuti uwane chinwiwa chinonaka, haugone kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvakakuyiwa kuita upfu.
  2. Kubika, zviri nani kutora girazi kana ceramic teapot.
  3. Paunenge uchigadzira chinwiwa, cherechedza zviyero zvinotevera: 7,5 gramu yehibiscus petals (1,5 teaspoons) pa200 milliliters emvura. Kana iyo tei yakanyanya kusimba, kuderedza huwandu hwehibiscus kusvika ku5 gramu.
  4. Pakubika maSudan roses, zvinorambidzwa zvachose kushandisa midziyo yesimbi, sezvo ichichinja kuravira uye ruvara rwechinwiwa chinonaka.

Hibiscus tii inozorodza yakanakisa mukupisa, kwakapfava mamiriro ekunze nekuda kweiyo citric acid mairi.

Welding nzira:

  1. Isa zvinhu zvakasvibirira mumudziyo une enameled nemvura inopisa, bika kwemaminetsi matatu kusvikira mvura yashanduka yakatsvuka, ichiwana kuravira kwakanatswa kunotapira. Kubatsira kweiyi nzira ndeyekuwana chinwiwa chakapfuma chakasimba, kukanganisa ndiko kuparadzwa kwevhithamini nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira.
  2. Isa mashizha eti mukapu, dururira mvura inopisa, iyo tembiricha iyo inofanirwa kusiyanisa pakati pe80 - 95 degrees. Tea inosimbisa 4 - 6 maminitsi pasi pevhavha yakavharwa. Chinwiwa chinowanikwa nenzira iyi chine kuravira kwakanyanyisa kupfuura kwekare, asi inochengetedza huwandu hwekudya.
  3. Kugadzirira karkade inotonhora, hibiscus petals inoiswa mumvura inotonhora, iyo inounzwa kumota, shuga inowedzerwa, inobviswa kubva muchitofu, inoputirwa uye inotonhorera. Shumira nechando.

Sezvineiwo, steamed hibiscus petals inogona kudyiwa, ine akawanda amino acids, pectin, vhitamini C.

mhedziso

Hibiscus ndeye yakasikwa immunomodulator inoratidza adsorbing, antispasmodic, diuretic, anthelmintic properties. Chirimwa chine zvakakosha amino acids, anthocyanins, organic acids, antioxidants, polysaccharides, flavonoids, pectin. Uyewo calcium, phosphorus, iron, mavitamini A, B1, B2, C, PP.

Iyo yekugamuchira uye makapu ehibiscus inodzivirira kuchembera kwemuviri nguva isati yakwana, inomisa mabasa ayo ekudzivirira, uye inouraya hutachiona. Ivo vanogadzirisa basa rekuona, kusimudzira uremu, kubvisa psycho-emotional kushushikana, kurapa beriberi.

Chirimwa chinokurudzirwa kuti chishandiswe nevarwere vese vane hypertension (kana kuchitonhora) uye varwere vane hypotensive (kupisa), sezvo inogadzirisa BP.

Hibiscus inogona kudhakwa ichipisa kana kutonhora. Saka, muzhizha ichapedza nyota yako, uye munguva yechando ichabatsira kudziya, kusimbisa masimba ezvirwere. Kunwa kweti kunoshanda kune kusingaperi kuvharwa, atony yemukumbo mukuru, atherosclerosis, hypertension. Contraindicated mu allergies, cholelithiasis uye urolithiasis panguva exacerbation, gastrointestinal pathologies chokuita erosive ezvinhu, kuwedzera acidity of gastric muto.

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