Kupisa kwakadzika mumwana: 7 zvikonzero zvinogona kuitika

CHINOKOSHA!

Ruzivo rwuri muchikamu chino harufanire kushandiswa kuzviongorora kana kuzvirapa. Muchiitiko chekurwadziwa kana kumwe kuwedzera kwechirwere, chiremba chete anoenda ndiye anofanira kurayira kuongororwa kwekuongorora. Kuti uongorore uye kurapwa kwakakodzera, unofanira kuonana nachiremba wako.
Kuti uwane ongororo chaiyo yemhedzisiro yekuongorora kwako musimba, zviri nani kuita zvidzidzo murabhoritari imwe chete, sezvo marabhoritari akasiyana anogona kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekutsvagisa uye mayuniti ekuyera kuita ongororo yakafanana.Kudzika kwekushisa kwemuviri: zvikonzero zvekuitika, umo zvirwere zvinoitika, kuongororwa uye nzira dzokurapa.

tsananguro

Kudzikira kwekushisa kwemuviri, kana hypothermia, kutyora kwekushisa kwemasabolism, kunoratidzwa nekudzikira kwekushisa kwemuviri kunopesana nemamiriro ekuratidzwa kune yakaderera tembiricha uye / kana kuderera kwekugadzira kupisa uye kuwedzera kwekudzoka kwayo.

Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekushanda kwekugadzira kupisa.

Kunosungirwa kupisa kugadzirwa - kupisa kunogadzirwa semhedzisiro yezvakajairika physiological uye metabolic maitiro. Zvakakwana kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri yakajairika mune yakasununguka ambient tembiricha.

Kuwedzera kupisa kugadzirwa inogadziriswa kana tembiricha yakadzika yadzika uye inosanganisira:

• kwete kubvunda thermogenesis , iyo inoitwa nekutsemura mafuta ebrown. Mafuta ebrown aripo muhuwandu hwakawanda muvana vachangoberekwa uye anovadzivirira kubva ku hypothermia. Muvanhu vakuru, idiki, inowanikwa mumutsipa, pakati pemapfudzi emafudzi, pedyo neitsvo;
• contractile thermogenesis , iyo inobva pakurwisana kwemhasuru.

Kana muviri uri hypothermic, toni (tension) yemhasuru inowedzera uye kudengenyeka kwemhasuru kusingaite kunoonekwa.Passive heat retention inoitwa nerubatsiro rwe subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Chiyero chemaitiro emagetsi uye kugadzirisa maitiro kunokonzerwa neadrenal uye thyroid hormones, uye thermoregulation centre iri mu hypothalamus.Kumunhu, nzvimbo yekunyaradza inoonekwa seye tembiricha yemhepo kubva +18 ° C kusvika +22 °. C, zvichienderana nekuvapo kwembatya dzakareruka uye kuita kwakajairika kwemuviri.Kusiyanisa pakati pekushisa kwemuviri wepakati (kunochengetwa munhengo dzemukati nemidziyo yepakati pamwero we36.1-38.2 ° C) uye tembiricha yezvipembenene zvemukati (mitezo, muviri wepamusoro ) - kazhinji inodzikira pane tembiricha yepakati negumi chedhigirii.Kupisa kwemuviri wepakati kunopimwa murectum, kunze kwemugero wekuongorora, mumuromo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu echipatara, zvinokwanisika kuyera kutonhora mu lumen yesophagus, mu nasopharynx, mu dundira. Peripheral tembiricha inogona kuyerwa pahuma kana muhapwa.Muzhinji, zviratidzo zvekushisa kwemuviri ndezvomunhu mumwe uye kune imwe neimwe nzvimbo ine yavo yakajairika. Tembiricha yemuviri inoshanduka zuva rese. Vana vadiki, nekuda kwekusimba kwemasabolism maitiro, vane mwero wepamusoro wetembiricha yakajairika. Iyo metabolism yevanhu vakwegura inononoka, kutonhora kwemukati kwezvakatipoteredza kunogona kuwanzova pachiyero che 34-35 ° C.

Kusiyana kwekushisa kwakadzika A kuderera mukati

tembiricha inogona endogenous (ine pathology nhengo dzomukati uye isina kukwana thermogenesis) uye exogenous (zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu).

Exogenous hypothermia inonzi exogenous hypothermia. Basa rayo ndere kudzikisa basa rinoshanda uye metabolism munhengo uye matishu kuitira kuti iwedzere kuramba kwavo kushomeka kweokisijeni. Inoshandiswa nenzira ye general controlled hypothermia, kana pane kudiwa kwekuderera kwekanguva mukutenderera kweropa; uye nenharaunda inodzorwa hypothermia yenhengo yega yega uye tishu.

Medical hypothermia inoshandiswa panguva yekushanda pachena pamwoyo nemidziyo mikuru, ine ischemic stroke, kukuvadzwa kwepakati penheyo system (brain and spinal cord), ine nzara yakaoma yeokisijeni yevachangoberekwa. Kuoma kwehutano hwemunhu hunoongororwa nehuwandu hwe kuderera kwekushisa kwepakati uye zviratidzo zvekliniki.Pakupisa kwakadzika (36.5-35 ° C), munhu anogona kunzwa zvakanaka. Kubva pane izvi zvinotevera kuti ari musiyano wezvakajairwa kwaari. Kana munhu achinzwa asina kunaka, zvakakosha kutarisa chikonzero chekuderera kwekushisa.

Tembiricha yemuviri iri pasi pe35°C inoonekwa yakaderera.

Govera tembiricha yakaderera:

• hunyoro hunyoro (35.0-32.2 ° C) , umo kurara, kuwedzera kufema, kushaya mwoyo, kutonhora kunoonekwa;
• kuomarara kuri pakati nepakati (32.1–27 ° C) - munhu angave anonakidza, kufema kunononoka, kurova kwemwoyo kunononoka, mafungiro anoderera (kupindura kune kunze kwekukurudzira);
• kuomarara kwakanyanya (pasi pe27 ° C) - munhu ari muhupamhi hwekuora mwoyo kwekuziva (mu coma), kuderera kweropa kunoderedzwa, hapana mafungiro, kusagadzikana kwekufema kwakadzama, rhythm yemoyo inocherechedzwa, kuenzana kwemukati nharaunda yemuviri uye maitiro ose emagetsi. vanovhiringidzika.

13 Zvikonzero zvinokwanisika zvekushisa kwakadzika pavakuru

Zvinokonzera hypothermia zvinosanganisira:

1. kukanganisa kwepakati tsinga system;
2. kuderera mumasisita mashoma;
3. kuneta mumuviri;
4. kuderera kwehuwandu hwemaitiro emagetsi;
5. pamuviri;
6. nguva yekupora mushure mekurwara kwenguva refu;
7. dysregulation ye vascular tone;
8. kudhakwa kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira doro;
9. kutarisana nemishonga, kusanganisira kuwandisa kwemishonga inorwisa antipyretic;
10. intravenous infusion yehuwandu hukuru hwemhinduro dzisina kupisa;
11. hypothermia mumamiriro ekupisa kwemhepo yakaderera;
12. kugara kwenguva refu kune zvipfeko zvakanyorova kana nyoro;
13. kugara kwenguva refu mumvura inotonhora, pazvinhu zvinotonhora, nezvimwe.

Zvose zviri pamusoro apa zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwe thermoregulation, kuderera kwekugadzirwa kwekushisa, uye kuwedzera kwekupisa kwekupisa.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinokonzera tembiricha yakaderera?

Tembiricha yemuviri inogona kuderera ne paresis uye kuremara kwemhasuru uye / kana kuderera kwehuremu hwavo hunoitika nezvirwere (syringomyelia) uye kukuvara kwemusana, nekukuvadzwa kwetsinga dzetsinga dzinoisa mhasuru, kushomeka kwecalcium, zvirwere zvenhaka (Erb). -Roth myodystrophy, Duchenne).

Kuderera kwemetabolic kunoitika nekusingaperi kusakwana kushanda kweAdrenal glands (semuenzaniso, neautoimmune process) uye thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), zvirwere zvinopararira zvechiropa, itsvo, nekuderera kwakanyanya kweglucose level (hypoglycemia), ine hemoglobin yakaderera uye / kana kuderera kwenhamba yemasero matsvuku eropa (anemia), nekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvakanyanya (cachexia) uye kuonda kwe subcutaneous fatty tissue.

Kutyora kwe thermoregulation kunoonekwa nekushungurudza, zvinodhaka kana chepfu mhedzisiro pane hypothalamus.

Hypothermia inogona kuitika nekushungurudzika kwakawanda kwakawanda kana panguva ye systemic infectious process (sepsis).

Ndeapi vanachiremba wandinofanira kuonana nekushisa kwemuviri kwakaderera?

Kuti uchengetedze munhu ane hypothermia yakaoma, kufonera ambulensi kunodiwa.Kana munhu akanyora kuderera kwekushisa kwemuviri ne 1-2 ° C maererano nemaitiro avo ega ega, chirwere ichi chinoramba chiripo kwenguva yakareba uye hachibatanidzi ne hypothermia, unofanira kubvunza chiremba , uye kana zvichidiwa, neurologist , endocrinologist .

Diagnostics uye bvunzo panguva yakaderera tembiricha

Kuongororwa pakudzika kwekushisa kwemuviri kunosanganisira kuongorora uye kubvunza murwere, kuyera tembiricha yemuviri uye BP, kuongorora ropa reoxygen saturation (pulse oximetry, kuongorora gasi reropa).

Kuti uone kutyorwa kwebasa remitezo uye masisitimu, ma laboratori uye zvidzidzo zvezviridzwa zvinogona kurongerwa.

Chii chekuita pakudziya kwakadzika?

Ne hypothermia yakapfava, zvinodikanwa kuti udziye nekukurumidza sezvinobvira - nekuda kweizvi unofanirwa kutamira kuimba inodziya, kubvisa zvipfeko zvakanyorova uye zvinotonhora, kupfeka zvipfeko zvakaoma uye zvinodziya uye kunwa chinwiwa chinodziya chisina doro.

Zvimwe zvese zviitiko zve hypothermia zvinoda kurapwa.

Kurapa kwekushisa kwemuviri kwakaderera

Kana zvikaonekwa kuti kuderera kwekushisa kwemuviri kwakasiyana-siyana uye hakunetse murwere, hapana kurapwa kunodiwa.Mune dzimwe nguva, kurapwa kwechirwere chinokonzera uye kugadziriswa kwemaitiro emagetsi anoitwa. ye hypothermia, matanho anotorwa kumisa mhedzisiro yechinhu chinotonhora uye kuenderera mberi nekudziya. Kudziya kwepasi kunosanganisira kuendesa munhu mukamuri inodziya, kuputira zvipfeko zvinodziya, kunwa zvinwiwa zvinodziya, izvo zvinokurudzirwa kune yakapfava hypothermia uye intact consciousness.

Kudziya kwekunze kwekunze kunoshandiswa kune yakanyanya hypothermia, inoitwa munzvimbo yekurapa yakasarudzika navanachiremba uye inosanganisira inhalation yeokisijeni inodziya kuburikidza nemasiki kana endotracheal chubhu, intravenous infusion yezvinodziya zvinogadzirisa, kugezesa dumbu, ura, dundira nemhinduro dzinodziya.

Kushanda kwemukati rewarming kunoitwa uchishandisa yekunze circulatory apparatus ine kutonga kweakakosha mabasa emuviri uye kugadzirisa kwemvura uye glucose chiyero. Mukuwedzera, zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kuwedzera kudzvinyirira uye kubvisa arrhythmias.

7 zvikonzero zvinokwanisika zveKuderera kwekushisa mumwana

n nyaya yemwana wepamusoro, pane nguva dzose antipyretic mubhanhire remishonga yemusha: algorithm yezviito inopfuura kuyeuka nemubereki mumwe nomumwe kubva pazuva rokutanga mwana aberekwa. Asi kana mucheche, pane zvinopesana, akanyanya kutonhora, zvakaoma kuti arege kuvhiringidzika. Chiratidzo chisinganzwisisiki chinokonzera kutya kunotyisa uye pfungwa dzinotyisa. Ndezvipi zvingava zvikonzero zvechiitiko ichi uye, zvinonyanya kukosha, nzira yekubatsira mwana mumamiriro ezvinhu aya? Tinotaurira pasi apa.

Chekutanga, tinofanira kunzwisisa zvatinodaidza kuti tembiricha yakaderera. Kana isu tichitaura nezvemwana kusvika pagore, uye zvakanyanya zvakadaro, mwedzi mitatu yekutanga yehupenyu, ipapo tembiricha yakajairika yeiyo crumb inogona kubva 35.5 kusvika 37.5. Uye kune vana avo, mumusimboti, tembiricha iri murudzi urwu inoonekwa seyakajairwa, ndizvo zvakaita muviri.

Kuti uone chiyero chekushisa kwemuviri wemwana wako, zvakakwana kuti uzvipime kakawanda pamazuva akasiyana, asi zvakakosha kuti mwana anzwe zvakanaka uye pasina basa rekuita maawa mashoma asati ayera - kumhanya, kufamba, kurovedza muviri. , etc. Kupisa kwe 36.6 chiratidzo chechimiro uye haufaniri kuisa pfungwa pairi zvakanyanya. Mwana mumwe nemumwe munhu. Uye kana iwe wakatora tembiricha yemwana wako chete paakanga achirwara, zvino ndiyo nguva yekuziva nhanho yayo yakajairika.

Kupisa kwemwana akarara: zvakakosha here kumuka

Kana tembiricha yemwana yakajairika iri mukati me36-37, uye thermometer yemwana wako iri 35-35.5, saka haufanirwe kuvhunduka kana: hypothermia pachayo (iyi ndiyo inonzi kuderera kwekushisa kwemuviri kunonzi mukurapa kwesainzi) haina kukonzeresa. ngozi kumuviri, kunyange zvingaratidza mamwe matambudziko. Kana mamiriro acho akagara kwemazuva akawanda, unofanira kubvunza chiremba! Chimbofunga zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kwekushisa.

Chikonzero 1: Kutora antipyretics

Izvo zvinoitika kuti mwana anotambura nehutachiona kana hutachiona hwehutachiona hunoenderana nekupisa kwakanyanya. Zviri pachena kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, vabereki vanoderedza kupisa kwemwana nemishonga. Kana iwe ukadzikisa tembiricha kwemazuva matatu akateedzana (uye inopikiswa kwenguva yakareba: yakanyorwa mumirayiridzo yeantipyretics), kutonhora kunowanzogara kwenguva yakareba sei neyakajairwa kiriniki mufananidzo wechando, zvino pazuva rechitatu. panogona kuva nekuderera kwekushisa, izvo zvinogonawo kazhinji kuperekedzwa nemanyoka. Iyi mamiriro haadi kupindira kwechitatu-bato, nekuti nekukurumidza zvakanyanya tembiricha ichadzokera kune yakajairika.

Kana mwana achirwara uye izvi zvinofambidzana nekushisa kwepamusoro, saka kazhinji kune dambudziko mushure meizvi uye kutonhora kunodonha. Asi haina kuderera kune yakajairwa, asi yakaderera zvishoma. Uyezve, mutemo uyu ndewechokwadi kune avo vakatora antipyretic, uye kune avo vasina kushandisa izvi. Asi usavhunduka - zvishoma nezvishoma tembiricha ichadzokera kune yakajairika. Vanhu vanodana izvi "kukundikana", asi hazvisi kutyisa uye hazvityisi hutano nenzira ipi zvayo. Iyi ndiyo yakajairika physiology. Iwe unoziva kuti kana munhu aive achishingairira pakudya kwakasimba, akarasikirwa uremu, uye odzokera kune yenguva dzose yekudya, saka kazhinji anowana yakawanda kupfuura yaakarasikirwa. Nheyo imwechete inoshanda pano.

Chikonzero 2: Kushaikwa kwevhitamini

Kazhinji kacho, tembiricha yakaderera inoonekwa muvana vane iron inoshaya anemia, saka kuongororwa kwakajeka kweropa uye kubvunza chiremba hakuzokanganisa. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekushaya ropa, dzimwe nguva kushayikwa kwesimbi muropa kunogona kubhadharwa nekudya kwakakosha, dzimwe nguva nerubatsiro rwesimbi.

Asi mune zvimwe zviitiko, vabereki havafaniri kunetseka pamusoro pekushayikwa kwevhitamini mumwana. Kana mwana wako asingadyi chikafu chekukurumidza, chikafu chake chine zviyo, miriwo, michero, uye nyama, saka ane zvese zvakarongeka nemavhitamini.

5 kuregerera, sei kupa vanaamai, kana mwana ane tembiricha

Asi vabereki vevechiri kuyaruka (kunyanya vasikana) vanofanirawo kuva vakangwarira: kana mwana akaedza kuderedza uremu ari oga nerubatsiro rwezvokudya zvitsva, ipapo anogona kusvika kuneta (kunyanya kuipa - bulimia), mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, akaderera. tembiricha yakawandisa kupfuura yaitarisirwa.

Chikonzero chechitatu: Kuderera kwethyroid basa

Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvekuderera kwekushisa kwemuviri, uye kwete muvana chete. Mune mamwe mazwi, chirwere umo thyroid gland haibudisi mahomoni akakwana. Kazhinji, chirwere ichi chinokonzerwa nekushaya iodine. Kana, kunze kwekuderera kwekushisa, mwana anewo pallor, madenderedzwa akasviba pasi peziso, kuzvimba kwemakumbo, iwe unofanira kukurumidza kuonana nenyanzvi.

Chikonzero chechina: Matambudziko emuviri

Kuderera kwenguva pfupi kwekushisa kunogona kuitika mushure mekurwara kwakakomba munguva pfupi yapfuura. Mhedzisiro pane immune system, senge kubaya kana kunanzva mawoko ane tsvina (inovawo iyo yakanyanya simba pane immune system) inogona zvakare kuve chikonzero. Kana immune system yemwana ine chero pathologies (immunodeficiency states), iyo yakaderera tembiricha inogona kusasimuka kwenguva yakareba, chero zvakadaro, kana izvi zvirizvo, kubvunza chiremba kunodiwa.

Chikonzero chechishanu: Kupera mvura mumuviri

Iyi inzvimbo ine ngozi zvikuru inogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa. Kazhinji kazhinji inogona kukonzerwa neacute intestinal infection. Uye kana, nekuderera kuduku, kutonhora kwemuviri, sekutonga, kunokwira, zvino neine simba, inodonha zvikuru.

Nehurombo, vabereki vanowanzo teerera kune zvisiri izvo zviratidzo uye vanogona kuyera tembiricha paawa imwe neimwe kana yakasimudzwa, asi ivo vakadzikama pamusoro pekuti yakaderedzwa. Asi zvirwere zvinoratidzwa nechiratidzo ichi, semuenzaniso, sekupererwa nemvura, zvakanyanya kuipa kupfuura kutonhora kana SARS.

Chikonzero 6: Chepfu

Kunyangwe kazhinji tembiricha inokwira kubva muchepfu, zvinoitika uye zvakasiyana. Maoko anodedera, fivha (kupindwa nechando) ndizvo zvinoperekedza zviratidzo zvechepfu yakadaro. Uyezve, muchetura wakakonzera kuita kwakadaro hauna kudyiwa, zvichida mwana akafema chimwe chinhu chine ngozi.

Chikonzero 7: Kushushikana uye kuneta

Izvi zvinowanzoitika kune vana vechikoro, kunyanya vechidiki. Kunyanya kufunga uye kushushikana mupfungwa, kushushikana uye kuneta kunogona kukonzera kudonha kwekushisa. Zvikonzero izvi hazvifanirwe kurerutswa, nekuti zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwakanyanya mumuviri kupfuura hypothermia.

Kushungurudzika uye kuneta, ndaizowedzera chikonzero chakadaro sekushaiwa kwekurara. Zvichienzaniswa nezvikonzero zviviri zvokutanga, ichi ndicho chimwe chezvakajairika pakati pevana, uye kunyanya vana vechikoro, vanoshanda basa rechikoro kusvikira pakati pousiku. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti vana vanochinja zviri nani kupfuura vanhu vakuru kumamiriro akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira anonetsa. Uye kana mwana wacho achinyatsoona kushungurudzika kwakanyanya zvokuti kunozviratidza mukuchinja kwehupenyu, saka rwendo rwekuenda kune nyanzvi runofanira kurongwa pakarepo.

Nzira yekubatsira mwana ane tembiricha yakaderera

Kana mamiriro acho ari kwenguva pfupi, zvakakosha kubatsira kudziya. Zvinwiwa zvinodziya, zvipfeko zvinodziya, pedhi yekudziya ichaita nekuda kweizvi. Kana kutonhora kuchichengetwa pasi penguva yakareba kwenguva yakareba, saka, zvechokwadi, hazvina kukodzera kupisa, asi zvakakosha kutarisa chikonzero.

Kana pasina chinhu chinoshungurudza mwana, kana chiratidzo chete chiri kuderera kwekushisa, izvo zvinonyanya kunetseka amai naambuya, saka mwana haafaniri kurapwa. Kana mwana ari kushanda, achifara uye achifara, saka zviri nani kuti amai vanwe sedative uye vasanyanya kunetseka pamusoro peizvi. Asi kazhinji, kutonhora kwakadzika chiratidzo cheimwe rudzi rwechirwere, uye munyaya iyi, unofanirwa kuonana nenyanzvi. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti ndicho chikonzero chinoda kurapwa, nokuti kutonhora kwakadzika kunowanzoita mhedzisiro.