Kuziva nzvimbo yeimba uye kubata nzvimbo yemuviri wako - imba yenyama yemweya - enda munzira dzakafanana dzemwana mudiki uye, sekutonga, panguva imwe chete.
Chekutanga, ese ari maviri ari pasi pemitemo yakajairwa, sezvo ari mativi maviri enzira imwechete yakabatana nekukura kwenjere dzemwana.
Chechipiri, mwana anodzidza nzvimbo yakapoteredza kuburikidza nekufamba kunoshanda mairi, kurarama uye kunyatsoiyera nemuviri wake, iyo pano inova chimwe chinhu chakafanana nechiyereso chekuyera, mutongi wechiyero. Hazvisi pasina kuti zviyero zvekare zvekureba zvinoenderana nehukuru hwenhengo dzemuviri wemunhu - ukobvu hwemunwe, kureba kwechanza netsoka, chinhambwe kubva paruoko kusvika pagokora, kureba kwechigunwe. danho, etc. Ndiko kuti, nechiitiko, mwana anozvitsvakira kuti muviri wake ndiwo module yepasirese, maererano neiyo parameter yenzvimbo yekunze inoongororwa: kwandinogona kusvika, kwandinogona kusvetuka kubva, kwandinogona. kukwira, kure kwandinogona kusvika. Pakati pegore nemaviri, mwana anova anofambisa, anononoka uye anorambira mumabasa ake ekutsvakurudza mumba zvokuti amai, vasingafambidzani naye, dzimwe nguva zvinosuruvarisa vanoyeuka iyo nguva yakakomborerwa apo mwana wavo akarara chinyararire pamubhedha wake.
Kudyidzana nezvinhu, mwana anogara madaro ari pakati pavo, saizi yavo uye chimiro, uremu uye kuwanda, uye panguva imwecheteyo anodzidza zvimiro zvemuviri wake, anonzwa kubatana kwavo uye kusagadzikana. Kuvonga kune izvi, mufananidzo wemuviri wake pachake unoumbwa maari - nguva dzose inodiwa muhurongwa hwekugadzirisa nzvimbo. Kushaikwa kwepfungwa yehukuru hwemuviri wake kunokurumidza kuoneka munzira, semuenzaniso, mwana anoedza kutsvedza mukati memukana wakanyanya kutetepa kwaari pakati pemubhedha nepasi, kana kukambaira pakati pemakumbo e chigaro chidiki. Kana mwana mudiki akaedza zvese paganda rake uye akadzidza nekuputira mapundu, ipapo murume akura anotoona kwandinogona kukwira uye kupi kwandisingaite - uye zvichibva pane muscular-motor pfungwa pamusoro pake nemiganhu yake, iyo inochengetwa mukati. ndangariro yake, achaita sarudzo - ndichakwira kana kudzokera shure. Nokudaro, zvakakosha zvikuru kuti mwana awane ruzivo mukubatana kwemuviri kwakasiyana-siyana nezvinhu zviri munzvimbo nhatu-dimensional yeimba. Nekuda kwekugara kwayo, iyi nharaunda inogona kubatwa nemwana zvishoma nezvishoma - muviri wake unorarama mukudzokorora kwakawanda. Kune mwana, zvakakosha kwete kungogutsa chido chekufamba, asi kuzviziva iwe pachako uye zvakatipoteredza kuburikidza nekufamba, iyo inova nzira yekuunganidza ruzivo. Pasina chikonzero, mumakore maviri ekutanga ehupenyu, mwana ane njere, iyo mwana mukuru wepfungwa wemuzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, Jean Piaget, anonzi sensorimotor, ndiko kuti, kunzwa, achiziva zvese kuburikidza nekufamba kwemuviri wake uye nekubata. zvinhu. Zvakanaka kana vabereki vakapindura kune iyi motor-cognitive chido chemwana, vachimupa mukana wekuigutsa kumba: kukamba pamusoro pekapeti uye pasi, kukwira pasi uye pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, uyewo kuwedzera midziyo inokosha kune terrier yeimba. , senge kona yegymnastic ine madziro eSweden, zvindori, nezvimwe.
Sezvo mwana "anowana chipo chekutaura", nzvimbo yakamupoteredza uye nzvimbo yemuviri wake inotsanangurwa, izere nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvine mazita avo. Kana munhu mukuru achiudza mwana mazita ezvinhu uye nhengo dzemuviri wemwana pachake, izvi zvinoshandura zvakanyanya mamiriro ekuvapo kwezvinhu zvose zvakatumidzwa kwaari. Chii chine zita chinowedzera kuvapo. Izwi haribvumiri maonero epfungwa aripo iye zvino kupararira uye kunyangarika, sokunge zvakadaro, inomisa kuyerera kwezviratidziro, inogadzirisa kuvapo kwavo mundangariro, inobatsira mwana kuti azviwane uye azvizive zvakare munzvimbo yepasi rakapoteredza kana mune yake. muviri wake: "Mhino yaMasha iripi? Mvere dziripi? Ndiratidze pane wadhiropu. Hwindo riripi? Mubhedha wemotokari uripi?
Izvo zvinhu zvakanyanya kupihwa mazita munyika - akasiyana mavara padanho rehupenyu, kupfuma uye kuzara nyika inova kumwana. Kuti mwana akurumidze kutanga kufamba munzvimbo yemuviri wake, uye kunyanya kubata kwayo, inokwanisa, inoratidzira nhengo - maoko nemusoro - vanhu vanodzidzisa mitambo yakadai se: "Magpie-crow, porridge yakabikwa, vana vakadyiswa. akapa izvi, izvi zvakapa ... "- neminwe, nezvimwewo. Zvisinei, kuwanikwa kwezvikamu zvisingaonekwi, zvisinganzwisisike, zvisingatauriki zvemuviri zvinopfuurira kwemakore akawanda ehupenyu hwekupedzisira hwemwana, uye dzimwe nguva munhu mukuru.
Saka, OL Nekrasova-Karateeva, uyo mumakore ekuma1960 ne70 akatungamirira St. akaziva kuti vanhu vane mitsipa. Zvechokwadi, ainyatsoziva nezvehupi hwehuro hwehupi husati hwavapo, asi chete kudiwa kwekuratidzira mutsipa nemabheji, ndiko kuti, kutsanangura iyo uchishandisa mutauro wekudhirowa, pamwe chete nekukurukurirana pamusoro peizvi nemudzidzisi, akamuendesa kune zvakawanikwa. Zvakafadza mukomana wacho zvokuti akakumbira kubuda uye, achimhanyira kuna ambuya vake, vakanga vakamumirira mukoridho, akati nomufaro: “Ambuya, zvaita ndine mutsipa, tarirai! Ndiratidze yako!
Usashamiswa nechiitiko ichi kana, zvichizoitika, vanhu vakuru vakawanda, vachitsanangura zviso zvavo, vachivhiringidza shaya yezasi ne cheekbone, havazivi kuti chitsiko chiri kupi kana kuti nhengo dzesikarudzi dzinonzi chii.
Nokudaro, zvakakosha kuti munhu mukuru awedzere mazwi emwana nguva dzose, achitumidza zvinhu zvakamupoteredza, achivapa tsananguro yakadzama, kuratidza zvinhu zvinokosha uye nokudaro achizadza nzvimbo yenyika inozarurira mwana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvine chinangwa. . Ipapo muimba yake pachake haazovhiringidzi chigaro chechigaro nechigaro, achasiyanisa sideboard kubva pachipfuva chedhirowa, kwete nokuti vari munzvimbo dzakasiyana, asi nokuti achaziva maitiro avo.
Mushure mechikamu chekutumidza zita (kusarudzwa), danho rinotevera mukukura kwekufananidzira kwezvakatipoteredza ndiko kuziva kwehukama hwepakati pakati pezvinhu: zvakawanda - zvishoma, pedyo - kure, kumusoro - pasi, mukati - kunze, mberi - shure. Inoenderera sekutaura masters spatial prepositions - "mu", "pa", "pasi", "pamusoro", "kusvika", "kubva" - uye mwana anosimbisa kubatana kwavo nemagadzirirwo emagetsi ezviito zvinoenderana: pfeka. tafura, pamberi petafura, pasi petafura, etc. Pakati pemakore matatu nemana, apo chirongwa chehukama hwepakati hwepakati hwatove hwakanyanya kana kuti hushoma hunogadziriswa mumutauro wemashoko; nzvimbo yakarongeka, zvishoma nezvishoma ichiva inopindirana nzvimbo yemwana. Mukati mayo matova nemarongerwo enyika, uye inotanga kuzadza nezvirevo zvekufananidzira. Yaiva iyo iyo mufananidzo wenyika inoumbwa mumifananidzo yevana neDenga neNyika, Pamusoro uye Pasi, pakati pezvinoitika zvehupenyu. Takatotaura nezvazvo muchitsauko 1.
Saka, nzira yekufananidzwa kwemwana yenzvimbo-yechinangwa nharaunda yeimba yake pane intrapsychic ndege inoratidzwa mukuti mwana anoumba chifananidzo chechimiro chenzvimbo yaanogara. Iyi ndiyo nhanho yemaitiro epfungwa, uye kune asina ruzivo anocherechedza inogona kunge isingaonekwi zvachose, pasinei nekukosha kwayo kwakasiyana sehwaro hwezvimwe zviitiko zvakawanda.
Asi, chokwadi, hukama hwemwana kumba hahuna kugumira kune izvi, nokuti, kutanga kune zvose, manzwiro uye ega. Munyika yavakaberekerwa munyika, mwana anopiwa udangwe, akauyiswa ikoko navabereki vake. Uye panguva imwechete iyo inyika yakakura, yakaoma, yakarongedzwa nevakuru vanoibata, vanoizadza ivo pachavo, vanogadzira mhepo yakakosha mairi, inopinda mukati mayo nehukama hwavo, yakagadziriswa mukusarudza kwezvinhu, nzira yavanorongeka. , musangano rose renzvimbo yemukati. Nokudaro, kuikunda, kureva, kuziva, kunzwa, kunzwisisa, kudzidza kuva mairi chete uye nevanhu, kusarudza nzvimbo yemunhu, kuita ikoko kuzvimiririra, uye kunyanya kutarisira, ibasa renguva refu kumwana, raanoita. inogadzirisa zvishoma nezvishoma. Nokufamba kwemakore, achadzidza unyanzvi hwakaoma hwekugara pamba, achiwana zvitsva zvehupenyu hwepamba pazera rega rega.
Kune ane gore rimwe chete, zvakakosha kukambaira, kukwira, kusvika kune chinangwa chinangwa. Mwana ane makore maviri kana matatu ekuzvarwa anowana zvinhu zvakawanda, mazita avo, mashandisiro azvo, kuwanikwa kwavo uye kurambidzwa. Pakati pemakore maviri nemashanu, mwana anokura zvishoma nezvishoma kukwanisa kuona mupfungwa uye kufungidzira.
Ichi chiitiko chitsva muhupenyu hwehungwaru hwemwana, icho chinozoshandura zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwake.
Kare, mwana aive musungwa weiyo chaiyo mamiriro kwaaive. Aikanganiswa chete nezvaaiona zvakananga, akanzwa, akanzwa. Nheyo huru yehupenyu hwake hwemweya yaive pano uye ikozvino, musimboti wekuita - kukurudzira-kuita.
Iye zvino anoona kuti akawana kugona kutsva kupeta nyika nekupa mifananidzo yekufungidzira pane yemukati psychic skrini. Izvi zvinomupa mukana wekugara panguva imwe chete munyika inooneka kunze (pano uye ikozvino) uye munyika yekufungidzira yemafungiro ake (apo uye ipapo), zvichibva kune zviitiko zvechokwadi uye zvinhu.
Chinhu chinoshamisa chemaitiro emwana panguva iyi (pamwe chete nemakore akati wandei gare gare) ndechekuti zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvakatenderedza mwana muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva zvinounzwa mukufungidzira kwake semagamba ezviitiko zvakawanda. Mamiriro ezvinhu anoshamisa anotamba kumativi avo, vanova vatori vechikamu mune zvisinganzwisisike zvakatevedzana, zvakagadzirwa nemwana zuva rega rega.
Amai havatombofungi kuti, vachitarisa muto mundiro, mwana anoona nyika yepasi pemvura ine algae uye zvikepe zvakanyura, uye kugadzira grooves mu porridge nechipunu, anofungidzira kuti aya ndiwo mahombe pakati pemakomo umo ma heroes. yenyaya yake itai nzira yavo.
Dzimwe nguva mangwanani vabereki havazivi kuti ndiani agere pamberi pavo ari muchimiro chemwana wavo: angave mwanasikana wavo Nastya, kana Chanterelle, anotambanudza muswe wake wakapfava uye anoda kudya kwemangwanani chete izvo zvinodyiwa nemakava. Kuti urege kupinda mumatambudziko, zvinobatsira kune varombo vakuru kuti vabvunze mwana mberi kuti ndiani ari kutarisana naye nhasi.
Uku kukwanisa kutsva kwokufungidzira kunopa mwana madhigirii matsva chose chose orusununguko. Inomubvumira kuti ave akanyanya kushingaira uye akazvimiririra munyika inoshamisa yemukati we psyche, iyo inotanga kuumba mumwana. Chidzitiro chepfungwa chemukati panoitika zviitiko zvekufungidzira chakada kufanana nekombuta. Muchidimbu, iwe unogona nyore kudaidza chero chifananidzo pairi (chingava hunyanzvi!), Chichinje sezvaunoda, zviitiko zviripo izvo zvisingagoneke muchokwadi, ita kuti chiitiko chibude nekukurumidza sezvachisingaiti munyika chaiyo. nekufamba kwenguva. Mwana anoita unyanzvi hwose uhwu zvishoma nezvishoma. Asi kubuda kwehunyanzvi hwepfungwa hwakadaro kunokosha zvikuru kuhunhu hwake. Mushure mezvose, iyi mikana yose inoshamisa iyo mwana anotanga kushandisa nechido inopa kunzwa kwesimba rake pachake, kukwanisa, uye kugona kwemamiriro ekufungidzira. Izvi zvakasiyana chaizvo nezvinoitwa nemwana panguva yacho kukwanisa kudzikamisa zvinhu uye zviitiko zviri munyika chaiyo, umo zvinhu zvinomuteerera zvishoma.
Nenzira, kana iwe usingagadziri kushamwaridzana kwemwana nezvinhu zvechokwadi uye vanhu, usamukurudzira kuti aite «munyika», anogona kupa kune matambudziko ehupenyu. Munyika ino yezvokwadi yenyama inotipikisa, haiteereri nguva dzose zvido zvedu, uye inoda unyanzvi, dzimwe nguva zvakakosha kuti munhu adzivise muedzo wokunyura uye kuvanza munyika inonyengera yekufungidzira, umo zvinhu zvose zviri nyore.
Matoyi ikirasi yakakosha yepfungwa yezvinhu zvemwana. Nehunhu hwavo chaihwo, vakagadzirirwa kusanganisa, «chinangwa» fungidziro dzevana. Kazhinji, kufunga kwevana kunoratidzwa neanimism - tsika yekupa zvinhu zvisina hupenyu nemweya, simba remukati uye kugona kwehupenyu hwakavanzika hwakazvimirira. Tichasangana nechiitiko ichi mune chimwe chezvitsauko zvinotevera, apo tichataura nezvechihedheni chevana muhukama nenyika yekunze.
Ndiyo tambo iyi yepfungwa yemwana iyo inogara ichibatwa nematoyi anozvifambisa: huku dzemagetsi dzinogona kukwenya, zvidhori zvinovhara maziso uye zvinoti "amai", vana vanofamba, nezvimwewo. Mumwana akarongedzerwa (uye dzimwe nguva kunyange munhu mukuru. ), matoyi akadaro anogara achinzwika, nokuti mumweya wake anoziva nechomukati kuti izvi ndizvo zvinofanira kuva - ivo vapenyu, asi vanozvivanza. Pakati pezuva, matoyi anozadzisa kuda kwevaridzi vazvo, asi pane dzimwe nguva dzakakosha, kunyanya usiku, chakavanzika chinova pachena. Matoyi akasiiwa kwavari anotanga kurarama ega, azere nezvishuwo uye zvishuwo, hupenyu hunoshanda. Ichi chinyorwa chinonakidza, chakabatana nezvakavanzika chekuvapo kwenyika yechinangwa, yakakosha zvekuti yave imwe yetsika dzechinyakare dzemabhuku evana. Chitoyi chehusiku chiri pamwoyo weE.-T.-A.'s The Nutcracker. Hoffmann, «Black Hen» naA. Pogorelsky nemamwe mabhuku akawanda, uye kubva mumabasa evanyori vemazuva ano - yakakurumbira «Rwendo rweBlue Arrow» naJ. Rodari. Mutariri weRussia Alexander Benois, mune yake yakakurumbira ABC ya1904, akasarudza iro dingindira chairo kuti aenzanisire vara "Ini", iro rinoratidzira kusinganzwisisike kunoshamisa kwenharaunda yeusiku yeToys.
Zvinoitika kuti vanenge vana vese vanowanzo fungira nezve imba yavo uye anenge mwana wese ane favourite «zvinhu zvekufungisisa», achitarisa izvo zvaanonyura muzviroto zvake. Kuenda kunorara, mumwe munhu anotarisa pane imwe nzvimbo padenga inoratidzika semusoro webabamudiki ndebvu, mumwe munhu - muenzaniso pamadziro, anoyeuchidza mhuka dzinonakidza, uye anofunga chimwe chinhu pamusoro pavo. Mumwe musikana akati dehwe remhembwe rakarembera pamubhedha wake, uye manheru oga oga akarara pamubhedha, aipuruzira nondo dzake ndokunyora imwe nyaya pamusoro pezvinoitika zvake.
Mukati mekamuri, furati kana imba, mwana anozvizivisa nzvimbo dzaanofarira kwaanotamba, kurota, kwaanorega basa. Kana iwe uri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa, unogona kuvanza pasi pehanger neboka rose rejasi, uvanze ipapo kubva kunyika yose uye ugare seimba. Kana kukambaira pasi petafura nejira refu retafura uye wodzvanya musana wako paradiyeta inodziya.
Iwe unogona kutarisa kufarira muhwindo diki kubva kumukoridho weimba yekare, yakatarisana nematanho ekumashure - chii chingaonekwa ipapo? - uye fungidzira zvinogona kuonekwa ipapo kana kamwe kamwe ...
Kune nzvimbo dzinotyisa muimba iyo mwana anoedza kudzivisa. Pano, semuenzaniso, pane gonhi rebrown mumadziro niche mukicheni, vanhu vakuru vanoisa chikafu ipapo, munzvimbo inotonhorera, asi kumwana ane makore mashanu iyi inogona kunge iri nzvimbo inotyisa kwazvo: rima rinopenya seri kwegonhi. , zvinoita sekunge kune kukundikana mune imwe nyika umo chimwe chinhu chakaipa chingabva. Pakuzvisarudzira kwake, mwana haazosviki pamusuo wakadaro uye haazouvhuri chero chinhu.
Imwe yematambudziko makuru ekufungidzira kwevana inoenderana nekusakura kwekuzviziva mumwana. Nokuda kweizvi, kazhinji haakwanisi kusiyanisa kuti chii chiri chokwadi uye chii chaakasangana nacho uye fungidziro dzakaputira chinhu ichi, yakanamatira pairi. Kazhinji, dambudziko iri ririwo muvakuru. Asi muvana, kusanganiswa kwakadaro kwechokwadi uye kufungidzira kunogona kuva kwakasimba uye kunopa mwana matambudziko akawanda.
Pamba, mwana anogona kugara panguva imwe chete muzvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana - munyika yakajairika yezvinhu zvakapoteredza, umo vanhu vakuru vanodzora nekudzivirira mwana, uye mune imwe nyika yekufungidzira yakasimudzwa pamusoro pehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Iyewo chaiye kumwana, asi asingaoneki kune vamwe vanhu. Saizvozvowo, haisi kuwanikwa kune vanhu vakuru. Kunyangwe izvo zvinhu zvakafanana zvinogona kunge zviri munyika mbiri kamwechete, zvine, zvisinei, zvakasiyana essence ipapo. Zvinoita kunge jasi dema rakarembera, asi unotarisa - sekunge munhu anotyisa.
Munyika ino, vanhu vakuru vachadzivirira mwana, munyika iyoyo havagoni kubatsira, sezvo vasingapindi ikoko. Saka, kana kutyisa munyika iyoyo, unofanira kukurumidza kumhanyira kune ino, uye kunyange kudanidzira nenzwi guru: "Amai!" Dzimwe nguva mwana pachake haazivi panguva ipi iyo nzvimbo ichachinja uye achawira munzvimbo yekufungidzira yeimwe nyika - izvi zvinoitika zvisingatarisirwi uye pakarepo. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvinoitika kakawanda kana vanhu vakuru vasipo, kana vasingachengeti mwana muchokwadi chezuva nezuva nekuvapo kwavo, kukurukurirana.
Kuvana vakawanda, kusavapo kwevabereki pamba inguva yakaoma. Vanonzwa vakasiiwa, vasina dziviriro, uye makamuri akajairwa uye zvinhu zvisina vanhu vakuru, sokunge zvakadaro, vanotanga kurarama hupenyu hwavo hunokosha, huve hwakasiyana. Izvi zvinoitika usiku, murima, apo rima, mativi akavanzwa ehupenyu hwemaketeni newadhiropu, zvipfeko pahanger uye zvinhu zvisingazivikanwi, zvisingazivikanwi izvo mwana asina kumboona zvisati zvaratidzwa.
Kana amai vakaenda kuchitoro, saka vamwe vana vanotya kufamba pachigaro kunyange masikati kusvikira auya. Vamwe vana vanonyanya kutya mifananidzo uye mapepa evanhu. Mumwe musikana ane makore gumi nerimwe akaudza shamwari dzake kuti aitya sei poster yaMichael Jackson yakarembera mukati megonhi rekamuri yake. Kana amai vacho vakabva pamba, uye musikana wacho akanga asina nguva yokubuda mumba umu, aingogona kugara akabatira pasofa kusvikira mai vake vasvika. Musikana uyu zvaiita sekunge Michael Jackson ave kuda kuburuka kubva papepa ndokumudzipa. Shamwari dzake dzakagutsurira netsitsi - kunetseka kwake kwainzwisisika uye kuri padyo. Musikana uyu haana kuita chivindi chekubvisa poster kana kuvhura zvaaitya kuvabereki vake - ndivo vakaturika. Vaida chaizvo Michael Jackson, uye musikana wacho "akakura uye haafaniri kutya."
Mwana anonzwa asingadziviriri kana, sezvaanoratidzika kwaari, haadiwi zvakakwana, anowanzoshorwa uye kurambwa, akasiyiwa ari oga kwenguva yakareba, ane vanhu vanongoitika kana vasingafadzi, akasara ari oga muimba umo kune vavakidzani vane ngozi.
Kunyange munhu mukuru ane kutya kunopfuurira kwouduku kworudzi urwu dzimwe nguva anotya zvikuru kuva oga pamba pane kufamba ari oga mumugwagwa une rima.
Chero kupera simba kwenzvimbo yekudzivirira yevabereki, iyo inofanirwa kufukidza mwana zvakavimbika, inokonzera kushushikana maari uye kunzwa kuti njodzi iri kuuya ichapinda nyore nyore nepakati peganda rakatetepa reimba yenyama uye inosvika paari. Zvinoitika kuti kumwana, kuvapo kwevabereki vane rudo kunoratidzika kuva hutiziro hwakasimba kupfuura magonhi ose ane makiyi.
Sezvo musoro wekuchengetedzwa kwemusha uye fungidziro dzinotyisa dzakakoshera vangangoita vana vese vezera rakati, zvinoratidzwa mungano dzevana, munyaya dzechinyakare dzinotyisa dzinopfuudzwa nemuromo kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa chevana.
Imwe yenyaya dzakanyanya kupararira muRussia inotaura kuti imwe mhuri ine vana inogara sei muimba ine nzvimbo inofungidzira padenga, pamadziro kana pasi - tsvuku, nhema kana yero. Dzimwe nguva zvinoonekwa kana uchienda kufurati idzva, dzimwe nguva mumwe wenhengo dzemhuri anochiisa netsaona - semuenzaniso, mudzidzisi amai vakadonhedza ingi tsvuku pasi. Kazhinji magamba enyaya inotyisa anoedza kukwesha kana kugeza tsvina iyi, asi vanotadza. Husiku, apo nhengo dzese dzemhuri dzinorara, gwapa rinoratidza huipi hwayo. Pakati pehusiku, inotanga kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, ichiva hombe, sehatch. Ipapo tsvina inovhurika, kubva ipapo hombe dzvuku, dema kana yero (maererano neruvara rwevara) ruoko runobuda, iro, rimwe pashure peumwe, kubva husiku kusvika husiku, rinotora nhengo dzese dzemhuri kupinda muvara. Asi mumwe wavo, kazhinji kacho mwana, achiri kukwanisa “kutevera” ruoko obva amhanya achinozivisa mapurisa. Pausiku hwokupedzisira, mapurisa anohwandira, ohwanda pasi pemibhedha, uye anoisa chidhori panzvimbo pemwana. Anogarawo pasi pemubhedha. Kana ruoko rwakabata chidhori ichi pakati pehusiku, mapurisa anosvetuka achibuda, oenda nacho uye omhanyira kuimba yepamusoro, kwaanoona muroyi, gororo kana musori. Akanga ari iye akadhonza ruoko rwemashiripiti kana kuti akadhonza ruoko rwake rwemagetsi nemotokari kukwevera nhengo dzemhuri kuimba yepamusoro, kwavakaurayiwa kana kudyiwa naye (iye). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mapurisa anobva apfura munhu akaipa, uye nhengo dzemhuri dzinobva dzararama.
Izvo zvine ngozi kusavhara magonhi nemahwindo, zvichiita kuti imba isvike kune masimba akaipa, semuenzaniso muchimiro chejira dema rinobhururuka nemuguta. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita vana vanokanganwa kana kuti vanopandukira vanosiya masuo nemahwindo zvakavhurika mukuramba murayiro waamai vavo kana kuti inzwi reredhiyo richivanyevera nezvengozi yava pedyo.
Mwana, gamba renyaya inotyisa, anogona kunzwa akachengeteka chete kana pasina maburi mumba make - kunyangwe anogona kunge ari muchimiro chemavara - anogona kuvhurika senzira yekuenda kunze kwenyika, izere nenjodzi.
Zvinoita sezvine ngozi kuti vana vaunze mumba kubva kunze kwekunze zvinhu zvisiri zvemumba. Nhamo dzemagamba eimwe ngano inozivikanwa kwazvo yenyaya dzinotyisa dzinotanga apo mumwe wemitezo yemhuri anotenga ndokuunza mumba chinhu chitsva: maketeni matema, piyano chena, mufananidzo womukadzi ane rozi dzvuku, kana kuti chifananidzo chewhite ballerina. Husiku, kana munhu wese akarara, ruoko rweballerina ruchatambanudza ruoko rwobaya netsono ine chepfu pamagumo emunwe wake, mukadzi anobva pamufananidzo achada kuita zvimwe chetezvo, machira matema achadzipwa, uye muroyi anokambaira. kunze kwepiyano chena.
Ichokwadi, izvi zvinotyisa zvinoitika munyaya dzinotyisa chete kana vabereki vaenda - ku cinema, kushanyira, kushanda usiku hweusiku kana kurara, izvo zvakafanana zvinodzivisa vana vavo kudzivirirwa uye kuzarura kupinda kune zvakaipa.
Chii muhuduku hwepakutanga chiitiko chega chemwana zvishoma nezvishoma chinova zvinhu zvekubatanidzwa kwekuziva kwemwana. Ichi chinyorwa chinogadzirwa nevana vari muboka mamiriro ekutaura nyaya dzinotyisa, dzakagadziriswa mumagwaro engano dzevana uye dzichipfuudzwa kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera zvevana, zvichiva chidzitiro chezvavanofungidzira zvitsva zvavo.
Vana veRussia vanowanzo taurira nyaya dzinotyisa dzechinyakare kune mumwe nemumwe pakati pemakore 6-7 uye 11-12, kunyangwe kutya kunoratidzwa nedimikira mavari kunomuka kare. Munyaya idzi, hutano hwepakutanga hwehucheche hwekuchengetedzwa kwemusha hunoramba huchichengetedzwa - nzvimbo yakavharwa kumativi ose pasina kuvhurika kune kunze kwenyika ine ngozi, imba inoratidzika sebhegi kana chibereko chaamai.
Mumifananidzo yevana vane makore matatu kana mana, munhu anogona kuwana kazhinji mifananidzo yakadaro yeimba. Mumwe wavo anogona kuonekwa muFig. 3-2.
Mariri, katsi inogara senge muchibereko. Kubva kumusoro - ndiko kuti, kuitira kuti zvive pachena kuti iyi imba. Basa guru reimba nderokudzivirira Kitten, uyo akasara ari oga, uye amai vake vakaenda. Nokudaro, hapana mahwindo kana magonhi mumba - maburi ane ngozi umo chimwe chinhu chitorwa chinogona kupinda mukati. Zvingoitika, Kitten ine mudziviriri: padivi payo yakafanana, asi imba diki kwazvo ine imwecheteyo - iyi ndiyo kennel inogara Imbwa yeKitten. Mufananidzo weImbwa hauna kukwana munzvimbo diki yakadaro, saka musikana akaimaka nebundu rakasviba. Tsanangudzo yechokwadi - madenderedzwa ari pedyo nedzimba ndiro dzeKitten neImbwa. Ikozvino tava kuziva zviri nyore imba yaMbeva kurudyi, yakanongedza, ine nzeve dzakatenderera uye muswe wakareba. Mbeva chinhu chinofarirwa neKatsi. Sezvo pachava nokuvhima Mbeva, agadzirirwa imba huru, yakavharwa kumativi ose, nekwaanogara. Kuruboshwe kune mumwe munhu anonakidza - Teenage Kitten. Atova mukuru, uye anogona kuva oga mumugwagwa.
Zvakanaka, hero yekupedzisira yemufananidzo ndiye munyori pachake, musikana Sasha. Akazvisarudzira nzvimbo yakanakisisa-pakati pedenga nenyika, pamusoro pezviitiko zvose, uye akagara ipapo akasununguka, achitora nzvimbo yakawanda, iyo iyo mabhii eZita rake akaiswa. Mavara anotenderedzwa nenzira dzakasiyana, munhu wacho achiri nemakore mana! Asi mwana anenge atokwanisa kupfekedza kuvapo kwake munzvimbo yenyika yaakasika, kuti atange nzvimbo yake inokosha satenzi ikoko. Nzira yekupa munhu "Ini" - kunyora Zita - iri mupfungwa dzemwana panguva ino nzira yepamusoro yekubudirira kwetsika.
Kana tikaenzanisa maonero emuganhu weimba mutsika uye zvepfungwa zvevana uye mutsika dzevanhu vakuru, saka tinogona kuona kufanana kusina mubvunzo mukunzwisisa kwemahwindo nemasuo senzvimbo dzekutaurirana nenyika yekunze iyo. zvine njodzi kumunhu anogara mumba. Chokwadi, mutsika dzechivanhu zvaitendwa kuti pakanga pari pamuganho wenyika mbiri apo masimba erima aive akaiswa - rima, rinotyisa, risingazivikanwe kumunhu. Nokudaro, tsika dzechinyakare dzakanyatsocherechedza kudzivirira kwemashiripiti kwemahwindo nemagonhi - kuzarura kune kunze. Basa rekudzivirira kwakadaro, rakaiswa mumafomu ekuvaka, rakaridzwa, kunyanya, nemapateni emaplatbands, shumba pagedhi, nezvimwe.
Asi pakuziva kwevana, kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekugona kuitika kweganda rakatetepa rekudzivirira remba munzvimbo yeimwe nyika. Zvakadai zviripo "maburi" emwana anomuka apo kune kukanganisa kwenharaunda yehomogeneity yezviso zvinokwezva kutarisa kwake: mavara, magonhi asingatarisirwi, ayo mwana anoona senzira dzakavanzika kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Sezvo tsvakurudzo dzedu dzakaratidza, kazhinji vana vanotya makamuri, pantries, moto, mezzanines, magonhi akasiyana-siyana mumadziro, mahwindo maduku asina kujairika, mapikicha, mavara uye kuputika kumba. Vana vanotyiswa nemakomba ari muchimbuzi, uye kunyanya nemapuranga e "magirazi" ezvimbuzi zvemumusha. Mwana anopindura nenzira imwechete kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakavharwa zvine simba mukati uye zvinogona kuva chigadziko cheimwe nyika nemasimba ayo erima: makabati, kubva apo mabhokisi pamavhiri anosiya munyaya dzinotyisa; masutukesi anogara magnomes; nzvimbo iri pasi pomubhedha apo vabereki vanofa dzimwe nguva vanokumbira vana vavo kuti vavaise pashure porufu, kana kuti mukati mepiyano chena umo muroyi anogara pasi pechivharo. Mune nyaya dzinotyisa dzevana, zvinotoitika kuti gororo rinosvetuka kubva mubhokisi idzva ndokutora murombo heroine ikoko zvakare. Iko kusaenzana kwechokwadi kwenzvimbo dzezvinhu izvi hakuna kukosha pano, sezvo zviitiko zvenyaya yevana zvinoitika munyika yezviitiko zvepfungwa, uko, sekurota, mitemo yenyama yenyika haishande. Munzvimbo yepfungwa, semuenzaniso, sezvinowanzoonekwa munyaya dzinotyisa dzevana, chimwe chinhu chinokura kana kuderera muhukuru maererano nehuwandu hwekutarisisa kunonangana kuchinhu ichocho.
Saka, kune ega ega emwana anotyisa fungidziro, motif yekubviswa kwemwana kana kudonha kubva munyika yeImba kupinda mune Imwe Nzvimbo kuburikidza nekumwe kuvhurwa kwemashiripiti ihunhu. Iyi motif inoratidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana mune zvigadzirwa zvekubatana kwekugadzira kwevana - zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvevana. Asi inowanikwawo zvakanyanya muzvinyorwa zvevana. Semuenzaniso, senyaya yemwana ari kusiya mukati memufananidzo wakarembera pamadziro ekamuri yake (analogue iri mukati megirazi; ngatiyeukei Alice muGirazi Inotarira). Sezvaunoziva, ani naani anorwadzisa anotaura nezvazvo. Wedzera kune izvi - uye uteerere kune iyo nechido.
Kutya kuwira mune imwe nyika, iyo inoratidzwa nenzira yedimikira mumagwaro aya ezvinyorwa, ine zvikonzero chaizvo zvepfungwa dzevana. Tinoyeuka kuti iyi idambudziko rehuduku hwekubatana kwenyika mbiri mukuona kwemwana: nyika inooneka uye nyika yezviitiko zvepfungwa zvinoratidzwa pairi sechidzitiro. Chikonzero chezera chedambudziko iri (hatitarise pathology) kushaikwa kwekuzvitonga kwepfungwa, nzira dzisina kuumbwa dzekuzviziva, kubvisa, nenzira yekare - kuzvidzora, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kusiyanisa imwe kubva kune zvimwe uye kurarama nemamiriro acho ezvinhu. Naizvozvo, munhu ane hutano uye akati wandei anodzosera mwana kuchokwadi anowanzo akura.
Mupfungwa iyi, semuenzaniso wezvinyorwa, isu tichave tichifarira chitsauko "Zuva Rakaoma" kubva mubhuku rakakurumbira neChirunguwoman PL Travers «Mary Poppins».
Pazuva iro rakaipa, Jane - heroine duku yebhuku - haana kufamba zvakanaka zvachose. Akasvipira mate kumunhu wese pamba apa zvekuti munin'ina wake waakange atovewo akatsiura Jane kuti abve pamba apa kuitira kuti atore mumwe munhu. Jane akasara ari ega pamba nekuda kwezvivi zvake. Uye sezvaaitsva nokutsamwira mhuri yake, akakweverwa nyore nyore kuti apinde muboka ravo nevakomana vatatu, vakapendwa pandiro yekare yakanga yakaturikwa pamadziro ekamuri racho. Cherechedza kuti kuenda kwaJane kune uswa hwakasvibirira kuvakomana kwakagadziridzwa nezvinhu zviviri zvinokosha: Kusada kwaJane kuva munyika yemusha uye kutsemuka pakati pendiro, kwakaumbwa kubva mukurova netsaona kwakaitwa nemusikana. Ndiko kuti, nyika yake yekumba yakatsemuka uye nyika yechikafu yakatsemuka, izvo zvakaita kuti gomba rakaumbwa kuburikidza naro Jane akapinda mune imwe nzvimbo. Vakomana vakadaidza Jane kuti vabude mulawn nemusango vaende kumuzinda wakare kwaigara sekuru vavo. Uye iyo yakaramba ichienderera, yakawedzera kuipa. Akazongoona kuti anyengerwa, vakamurambidza kuti adzokere, uye pakanga pasina pekudzoka, sezvo pakanga pane imwe nguva yekare. Mukuwirirana naye, munyika chaiyo, vabereki vake vakanga vasati vaberekwa, uye yake House Number Gumi nenomwe muCherry Lane yakanga isati yavakwa.
Jane akadanidzira nepamusoro pemapapu ake: “Mary Poppins! Help! Mary Poppins!» Uye, pasinei nekupikisa kwevagari vendiro, maoko akasimba, nerufaro akazova maoko aMaria Poppins, akamubudisa kunze uko.
“O, ndiwe! Jane akapopota. "Ndaifunga kuti hauna kundinzwa!" Ndakafunga kuti ndaizofanira kugara ikoko nokusingaperi! Ndaifunga…
"Vamwe vanhu," akadaro Mary Poppins, achimudzikisa zvinyoro nyoro pasi, "funga zvakanyanya. Hapana mubvunzo. Pukuta chiso chako ndapota.
Akatambidza Jane hengechepfu yake ndokutanga kuseta kudya kwemanheru.
Saka, Mary Poppins akazadzisa basa rake remunhu mukuru, akadzosa musikana wacho kuchokwadi, Uye zvino Jane ari kutonakidzwa nekunyaradzwa, kudziya uye rugare runobva muzvinhu zvakajairika zveimba. Chiitiko chekutyisa chinoenda kure, kure kure.
Asi bhuku raTravers haringambofa rakafarirwa nezvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevana pasi rose dai rakanga rapera zvakanyanyisa. Achiudza mukoma wake nyaya yerwendo rwake manheru iwayo, Jane akatarisa zvakare pandiro ndokuona paine zviratidzo zvinooneka zvekuti iye naMary Poppins vaive vari munyika iyoyo zvechokwadi. Palawn yakasvibira yendiro paive nescarf yakadonha yaMary nemavara ake ekutanga, ibvi remumwe wevakomana vakadhonzwa rakaramba rakasungwa nehengechepfu yaJane. Ndokureva kuti, zvichiri chokwadi kuti nyika mbiri dzinogara - Izvo uye Izvi. Iwe unongoda kukwanisa kudzokera kubva ipapo, nepo Mary Poppins achibatsira vana - magamba ebhuku. Uyezve, pamwe chete naye vanowanzozviwana vari mumamiriro ezvinhu asinganzwisisiki, kubva pane izvo zvakaoma kupora. Asi Mary Poppins akasimba uye anorangwa. Anoziva kuratidza mwana paanenge ari pakarepo.
Sezvo muverengi achiudzwa kakawanda mubhuku raTravers kuti Mary Poppins aive mudzidzisi akanakisa muEngland, tinogonawo kushandisa ruzivo rwake rwekudzidzisa.
Muchirevo chebhuku raTravers, kuva munyika iyoyo hakurevi nyika yekufungidzira chete, asiwo kunyudzwa kwemwana zvakanyanya mumamiriro ake epfungwa, kubva kwaasingagoni kubuda ari oga - mumanzwiro, ndangariro, nezvimwewo. kuti zviitwe kudzorera mwana kubva munyika iyoyo kupinda mumugariro wenyika ino?
Nzira yaidiwa naMary Poppins yakanga iri yekukurumidza kuchinja kutarisa kwemwana uye kuigadzirisa pane chimwe chinhu chaicho chechokwadi chakakomberedza, kumumanikidza kuita chimwe chinhu nekukurumidza uye nehanya. Kazhinji, Mary anokwevera pfungwa mwana kumuviri wake "Ini". Saka anoedza kudzorera mweya wemudzidzi, achifamba munzvimbo isingazivikanwi, kune muviri: "Sungai bvudzi renyu, ndapota!"; “Ttambo dzeshangu dzako dzasununguka zvakare!”; "Enda unogeza!"; "Tarisa kuti kora yako inonyepa sei!".
Iyi nzira yegoofy yakafanana nembama inopinza yeanorapa masaja, iyo, pakupera kwemassage, anodzokera kuchokwadi mutengi akawira muhope, akapfava.
Zvingave zvakanaka kana zvese zvaive nyore! Dai zvaikwanisika kuita kuti mweya wakarongedzerwa wemwana "urege "kubhururuka kure" kune chero munhu anoziva kupi, nembama imwe chete kana hungwaru hwekuchinja kutarisa, kumudzidzisa kurarama muchokwadi, kutaridzika zvakanaka uye kuita bhizinesi. Kunyangwe Mary Poppins akazviita kwenguva pfupi. Uye iye pachake akasiyaniswa nekukwanisa kubatanidza vana muzviitiko zvisingatarisirwi uye zvinonakidza izvo aiziva kugadzira muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Naizvozvo, zvaigara zvichinakidza kwazvo kuvana naye.
Kunyanya kuoma kwehupenyu hwemukati hwemwana, kunowedzera kungwara kwake, kunowedzera kuwanda uye kukafara kwepasirese izvo zvaanozviwanira iye mune zvakatipoteredza uye mumweya wake.
Nguva dzose, inofarira fungidziro dzehudiki, kunyanya izvo zvakabatana nezvinhu zvepamusha zvakakosha kumwana, zvino zvinogona kusarudza hupenyu hwake hwese. Sezvo akura, munhu akadaro anotenda kuti akapiwa kwaari muhuduku nemagumo.
Imwe yedzakanyanya kujeka rondedzero yepfungwa yedingindira iri, rakapihwa mune zvakaitika kune mukomana weRussia, isu tichawana muVV Nabokov "Feat".
“Pamusoro pemubhedha mudiki ... pendi yeruvara rwemvura yakaturikwa pamadziro akareruka: sango rakakora uye kanzira kakamonyoroka kanopinda mukati mekadzika. Zvichakadaro, mune rimwe remabhuku madiki echiRungu akaverengerwa namai vake ... maive nenyaya yemufananidzo wakadaro nekanzira musango pamusoro pemubhedha wemukomana uyo akambopfeka bhachi rehusiku sezvaaive, kubva pamubhedha kuenda kumufananidzo, munzira inoenda musango. Martyn ainetseka nepfungwa yokuti amai vake vangaona kufanana pakati pemvura pamadziro uye mufananidzo uri mubhuku: maererano nekuverenga kwake, iye, achitya, aizodzivisa rwendo rweusiku nekubvisa mufananidzo, uye naizvozvo nguva dzose. akanyengetera ari pamubhedha asati arara ... Martin akanyengetera kuti asaona nzira inokwezva yaiva pamusoro pake. Achirangarira nguva iyoyo muhuduku hwake, akazvibvunza kuti zvakaitika chaizvoizvo here kuti akambosvetuka kubva pamusoro wemubhedha achienda kumufananidzo, uye kana iyi yakanga iri mavambo erwendo rwomufaro uye runorwadza rwakazova upenyu hwake hwose. Akaita seacharangarira kutonhora kwenyika, kusvibira kwesango, makombama enzira, akayambuka apa neapo nemudzi wehumpback, kupenya kwehunde, kwaakapfuura akamhanya asina shangu, uye mweya werima unoshamisa. izere nemikana yakanakisa.