Kufamba nevakuru
Pfungwa ye "chifambiso" inovhara nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinofamba dzinoshandiswa nevanhu uye zvinhu kufamba munzvimbo.
Zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, ngano, terevhizheni, uye ruzivo rwehupenyu hwemunhu kare kare zvinoratidzira kumwana pfungwa yekufamba (pedyo, kure, uye kunyange kune dzimwe nyika) uye kuti zvakakosha sei kuva nenzira inoshanda yekufamba. chekufambisa kukunda nzvimbo.
Fairy-tale characters vanobhururuka pamakapeti anobhururuka, vanosvetuka pamusoro pemakomo nemipata paSivka-Burka, bhiza remashiripiti. Nilsky anobva mubhuku rinonzi S. Camp anofamba ari musango. Eya, mwana weguta achiri mangwanani-ngwanani pachiitiko chake pachake anojairana nemabhazi, trolleybus, tramu, subways, motokari, zvitima uye kunyange ndege.
Mufananidzo wemotokari ndeimwe yemisoro inofarirwa yemifananidzo yevana, kunyanya yevakomana. Kwete netsaona, hongu. Sezvatakaona muchitsauko chapfuura, vakomana vane chinangwa uye vanoshingaira mukuongorora nzvimbo, vachitora nzvimbo dzakakura kudarika vasikana. Uye saka, mwana wekudhirowa kazhinji anoda kuratidza chitarisiko uye mudziyo wemota, ndege, chitima, kuratidza kukurumidza kugona kwayo. Kazhinji mumifananidzo yevana, motokari idzi dzose dzinenge dzisina vatyairi kana vatyairi. Kwete nekuti ivo havadiwe, asi nekuti mudiki mugadziri anozivisa muchina uye munhu anoudzora, achivabatanidza kuita mumwe. Kumwana, motokari inova chimwe chinhu chakaita sechimiro chitsva chemuviri wehupenyu hwevanhu, ichimupa kukurumidza, simba, simba, chinangwa.
Asi zvakaenzana mumifananidzo yevana yezvifambiso zvakasiyana-siyana, kazhinji pane pfungwa yekuzviisa pasi pegamba-mutasvi wei kana waanokwira. Pano panowanikwa shanduko itsva yedingindira: kugadzwa kwehukama pakati pevaviri vanobatana mukufamba, chimwe nechimwe chine hunhu hwayo — «Mutasvi anotasva Bhiza», «The Fox anodzidza kutasva Jongwe», «The Bear. anofamba neMota". Iyi ndiyo misoro yemifananidzo, apo zvakakosha kuti vanyori varatidze kuti ungabatisisa sei uye kuti ungadzora sei zvaunokwira. Bhiza, Jongwe, Mota iri mumifananidzo yakakura, ine simba kudarika vatasvi, vane hasha dzavo uye dzinofanira kudzorwa. Naizvozvo, zvisharo, nyonganyonga, tsinga, spurs yevatasvi, mavhiri ekutungamirira emotokari anonyatso kukweverwa.
Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, mwana anounganidza ruzivo mukugadzirisa uye kutonga motokari chaidzo mumhando mbiri - passive uye inoshanda.
Muchimiro chekungoita, zvakakosha kuti vana vazhinji vatarise vatyairi vezvifambiso - kubva kuna baba kana amai vavo vachityaira mota (kana iripo) kune vatyairi vakawanda ve tram, mabhazi, trolleybus, kumashure kune vana kumashure, kunyanya vakomana, rudo. kumira, uchiona mugwagwa uchienda mberi uye zviito zvose zvemutyairi, kutarisa zvisinganzwisisiki mabhatani, mabhatani, mwenje inopenya pane remote control mukombi.
Mune chimiro chinoshanda, ichi chiitiko chakazvimiririra chekugona bhasikoro, uye kwete pavana vadiki (matatu kana ane balancer), asi pabhasikoro hombe remavhiri maviri ane mabhureki. Kazhinji vana vanodzidza kuichovha muchikoro chevakuru - zera rechikoro chejunior. Bhasikoro rakadaro nderevana nzira inosiyana-siyana yekukunda nzvimbo, yakapihwa pavari. Asi izvi zvinowanzoitika kunze kweguta: munyika, mumusha. Uye muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hweguta, nzira huru yekufambisa ifambisi yevoruzhinji.
Makore mashomanana mushure mekutanga nzendo dzakasununguka, iye achava kumwana chimbo cheruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza zvemuguta, izvo zvaanozokwanisa kushandisa pakusarudza kwake uye nokuda kwezvinangwa zvake. Asi izvi zvisati zvaitika, mwana achave nenguva yakareba uye yakaoma yekuziva zvifambiso zvemudhorobha, achinzwisisa kugona kwayo, pamwe nekugumira uye njodzi.
Kugona kwayo kunotemerwa nenyaya yekuti zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji muguta zvinogona kuendesa mufambi kune chero nzvimbo. Iwe unongoda kuziva "chii chinoenda ikoko." Zvirambidzo zvinozivikanwa: zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji zvinopa rusununguko rushoma rwekufamba pane tekisi kana mota, sezvo nzira dzayo dzisina kuchinjika, kumira kunogadzikiswa kwakasimba uye inomhanya zvinoenderana nehurongwa, iyo, uyezve, isingawanzo kucherechedzwa munyika yedu. Zvakanaka, njodzi dzekutakura veruzhinji dzakabatana kwete chete nenyaya yekuti unogona kukuvara kana kuita tsaona, asi zvakatonyanya nenyaya yekuti ichi chifambiso cheveruzhinji. Pakati pevagari vanoremekedzwa panogona kunge paine hooligans, magandanga, zvidhakwa, vanopenga, vanhu vasinganzwisisike uye vasingawirirani vanotsamwisa mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
Zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji, nehunhu hwazvo, zvine hunhu huviri: kune rumwe rutivi, inzira yekufambisa munzvimbo, kune rumwe rutivi, inzvimbo yeruzhinji. Senzira yekufambisa, yakabatana nemotokari yemwana uye bhasikoro. Uye senzvimbo yeruzhinji - nzvimbo yakavharwa apo vanhu vasina kurongeka vakazviwana vari pamwe chete, vachiita bhizinesi ravo - zvekufambisa zvinowira muchikamu chimwe chete nechitoro, mugadziri webvudzi, imba yekugezera uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzekushamwaridzana uko vanhu vanouya nezvinangwa zvavo uye vanofanira kuva nazvo. humwe hunyanzvi. magariro evanhu.
Chiitiko chevana chekufamba mukutakura kwevanhu chakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana mupfungwa: yekutanga, apo vana vanofamba chete nevakuru, uye imwe gare gare, apo mwana anoshandisa chokufambisa ari oga. Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi chinogadzirisa mabasa akasiyana epfungwa evana, izvo zvichatsanangurwa zvishoma gare gare. Kunyange zvazvo vana vamene vasingawanzozivi nezveaya mabasa, kunoshuviwa kuti vabereki vave nomufungo pamusoro pawo.
Danho rekutanga, richakurukurwa muchitsauko chino, rinonyanya kuwira pazera rekutanga kuenda kuchikoro uye rinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvakanyanya, zvakadzama, uye zvakasiyana-siyana nemwana mudiki (pakati pemakore maviri nemakore mashanu). Chiitiko chepfungwa chaanowana panguva ino ndeye mosaic. Inoumbwa nekunzwa kwakawanda, kucherechedzwa, zviitiko, izvo zvinosanganiswa nguva imwe neimwe nenzira dzakasiyana, senge mukareidoscope.
Inogona kunge iri manzwiro eruoko runobata nickel-plated handrails, chigunwe chinodziya pane girazi rakaomeswa retimu, iyo munguva yechando unogona kunyungudutsa maburi uye kutarisa mumugwagwa, uye muvhuvhu dhirowa nemunwe wako girazi remhute.
Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri ruzivo rwematanho akakwirira pamusuwo, kuzununguka pasi pasi petsoka, kuzununguka kwemotokari, pazvinenge zvakakodzera kubatirira pane chimwe chinhu kuitira kuti usadonha, mukaha pakati pechitsiko nechikuva, pachiri. kutya kudonha, etc.
Izvi zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pahwindo. Uyu ndisekuru-mutyairi, kumashure kwake kuri nyore kwazvo kuzvifungidzira uri munzvimbo yake uye kugara naye ese mavisitudes ekutyaira tram, bhazi kana trolleybus.
Iyi composter, padivi payo iwe unogona kugara pasi uye kuve munhu akakosha kune wese munhu. Anogara achisvikirwa nevamwe vafambi vaine zvikumbiro zvekurovera makuponi, uye anonzwa senge ane simba, akati kondakita-munhu anoenderana naye mamiriro ezvinhu - manzwiro asingawanzo kumwana uye chiitiko chinotapira chinomusimudza mumeso ake.
Kana ari maonerwo enzvimbo yemufambi mudiki, anowanzo miririra mifananidzo yakaparadzana isinga sanganisire mufananidzo wakazara, ndoda mepu yenzvimbo, iyo ichiri kure, kure nekuumbwa. Kudzora kwenzira, kuziva kupi uye nguva yekusimuka, pakutanga kuzere mukukwanisa kwemunhu mukuru. Zviitiko zvepanzvimbo zvevana, kubva pakuona kwemunhu mukuru, zvinoshamisa kwazvo: izvo zviri kure dzimwe nguva zvinoratidzika kumwana mudiki kwete sezvinhu zvakakura zvinoonekwa kubva kure uye saka zvinoita sezvidiki, asi zvidiki chaizvo, toyi. (Chokwadi ichi, chakatsanangurwa zvakanaka mumabhuku epfungwa, chakabatana nekushaikwa kwekuziva muvana vezvinonzi constancy yekuona kwehukuru - kusimba (mukati memimwe miganhu) yekuona kwehukuru hwechinhu, zvisinei. kwechinhambwe kwacho).
Mune zvinyorwa zvangu pane imwe nyaya inofadza yemusikana pamusoro peimwe dambudziko repanyika: paaiva nemakore mana, nguva dzose paaifamba mu tram akamira pedyo nekabhu yemutyairi, akatarisa mberi uye akaedza zvinorwadza kupindura mubvunzo: sei usingaiti. t tram dzinomhanya nenjanji dzinosangana? shamwari? Pfungwa yekufanana kwematramu maviri etiramu haina kusvika kwaari.
Kana mwana mudiki akatasva nemunhu mukuru muchifambiso chevoruzhinji, anonzwisiswa nevamwe vanhu semutyairi mudiki, kureva kuti anoonekwa padanho rehupenyu hwemagariro mune basa idzva kwaari, kwete rakafanana mune zvimwe zvinhu nebasa rakanyatso hunyanzvi. mwana mumhuri. Kudzidza kuve mutyairi kunoreva kutarisana nematambudziko matsva epfungwa aunoda kugadzirisa wega (zvisinei nekuchengetwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwemunhu mukuru anoperekedza). Naizvozvo, migariro inomuka paunenge uchifamba nezvifambiso zvavose kazhinji kazhinji inova bvunzo ye<em>litmus inozivisa zvinetso zvomunhu oga zvomwana. Asi zvakaenzana, mamiriro ezvinhu aya anopa mwana ruzivo rwakakosha zvikuru, runoenda pakuvakwa kweunhu hwake.
Kirasi yose yemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro inosanganiswa nekutsva kutsva kwemwana kuti munzvimbo yeruzhinji munhu mumwe nomumwe chinhu chekuona kwevanhu vevamwe vanhu. Sezvineiwo, zvinogona kuitika kuti avo vakatenderedza munhu vari kutarisisa, zvakajeka kana zvisina kujeka kumuongorora, vachitarisira chaizvo hunhu kubva kwaari, dzimwe nguva vachiedza kumukurudzira.
Mwana anoona kuti anofanira kunge aine chokwadi uye anozviziva "social face" yakatarisana nevamwe vanhu. (Mumwe mufananidzo we“social I” waW. James, watodudzwa nesu) Kumwana, inoratidzirwa mumhinduro dzakapfava uye dzakajeka kumubvunzo wokuti: “Ndini aniko? Izvozvo zvinogutsa vamwe. Mubvunzo wakadaro haumuke mumhuri zvachose, uye yekutanga kusangana nayo pamberi pevasingazivi dzimwe nguva inokonzera kuvhunduka mumwana muduku.
Iri mukutakura (zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzevanhu), uko vanhu vari pedyo kune mumwe nemumwe, vanofamba pamwe chete kwenguva yakareba uye vachida kukurukura nemwana, mwana anowanzova chinhu chinotariswa nevasingazivi, achiedza kumudana. kutaura.
Kana isu tikaongorora ese akasiyana emibvunzo iyo vafambi vakuru vanotaurira kune mwana mutakuri, zvino iyo mitatu mikuru inobuda pamusoro maererano nekuwanda: "Uri mukomana here kana musikana?", "Une makore mangani?", "Zita rako ndiani?" Kune vanhu vakuru, murume kana mukadzi, zera uye zita ndizvo zvinonyanya kufanirwa kuverengerwa mukuzvisarudzira kwemwana. Hakusati kuri pasina kuti vamwe vanamai, vachipinza vana vavo munyika yavanhu, vavadzidzise pachine nguva mberi mhinduro dzakarurama dzemibvunzo yakadaro, vachivamanikidza kuirangarira nomusoro. Kana mwana muduku akashamiswa nemibvunzo iyi nemhinduro pakufamba, zvino zvinowanzoonekwa kuti vanowira, sezvinotaura nyanzvi dzepfungwa, mu "nzvimbo yezvinetso zvemunhu", kureva kuti apo mwana pachake haana mhinduro yakajeka. , asi pane kuvhiringidzika kana kuti kusava nechokwadi. Ipapo pane kukakavara, kunyara, kutya. Somuenzaniso, mwana haayeuki kana kusava nechokwadi nezita rake pachake, nokuti mumhuri inotaurirwa chete nemazita epamba: Bunny, Rybka, Piggy.
"Uri mukomana here kana musikana?" Uyu mubvunzo unonzwisisika uye unokosha kunyange kumwana muduku zvikuru. Anotanga kusiyanisa kare kare kuti vanhu vose vakakamurwa kuva «nasekuru» uye «natete», uye vana vangava vakomana kana vasikana. Kazhinji, pazera remakore matatu, mwana anofanira kuziva kuti murume kana mukadzi. Kuzvipa kune mumwe murume kana mukadzi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha uye zvinokosha zvikuru izvo mwana anozvisarudzira zvaanoda. Izvi ndizvo zvose hwaro hwekunzwa kwekuzivikanwa kwemukati iwe pachako - iyo yakakosha kugara kwehupenyu hwemunhu, uye rudzi rwe "kushanyira kadhi" kune vamwe vanhu.
Nokudaro, zvakakosha zvikuru kumwana kuti hutano hwake hunyatsozivikanwa nevasingazivi.
Kana vanhu vakuru vakakanganisa mukomana nekuda kwemusikana uye zvakasiyana, ichi chatova chimwe chezviitiko zvisingafadzi uye zvinonyomba kune wechidiki wechikoro, zvichikonzera kupikisa uye kutsamwa kwaari. Vana vadiki vanotarisa zvega zvechitarisiko, bvudzi, zvipfeko uye humwe hunhu sezviratidzo zvechikadzi. Nokudaro, vana vane ruzivo runorwadza rwekuvhiringidzika nevamwe vachiziva hutano hwavo, kana vachienda kune vanhu, vanowanzoedza kusimbisa zvisizvo zvehukadzi hwavo nemashoko ekupfeka kana matoyi akatorwa: vasikana vane zvidhori, vakomana vane zvombo. Vamwe vana vanototanga nzira yekufambidzana nayo ne "Ndiri mukomana, zita rangu ndini-nhingi, ndine pfuti!"
Vana vazhinji, vachiyeuka ruzivo rwavo rwokutanga rwokufamba nezvifambiso, vanowanzotaura vachidedera nezvevakwiri vevanhu vakuru vaivanetsa nekurukurirano dzorudzi urwu: “Ndiwe Kira here? Zvakanaka, pane mukomana Kira? Vasikana chete ndivo vanonzi! Kana kuti: “Kana uri musikana, nei uine bvudzi pfupi kudaro uye usina kupfeka siketi?” Kune vakuru, uyu mutambo. Vanoona zvichisetsa kunyomba mwana nokuratidza kuti chitarisiko chake kana kuti zita rake hazvienderane nemurume. Kune mwana, iyi ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa - anoshamiswa nemafungiro emunhu mukuru asingarambiki kwaari, anoedza kukakavara, achitsvaga uchapupu hwehupombwe hwake.
Saka, kana munhu achida kana kuti kwete, kutakura kwevanhu vose nguva dzose haisi nzira yekufambisa chete, asiwo munda wehukama hwevanhu. Mutakuri wechidiki anodzidza chokwadi ichi kubva pane zvakaitika kwaari kare kare. Kushandisa zvifambiso zvevanhu - hazvina basa, nemunhu mukuru kana ari oga - mwana panguva imwe chete anotanga rwendo, zvose zviri munzvimbo yepasi rakapoteredza uye munzvimbo yemagariro evanhu, nenzira yekare, inotanga. mafungu egungwa ehupenyu uXNUMXbuXNUMXb.
Pano zvingave zvakakodzera kutsanangura muchidimbu maitiro epfungwa ehukama hwevanhu vari mukutakura kwevanhu uye kutsanangura humwe hutano hwemagariro evanhu hunodzidza mwana paanofamba nevakuru vachimuperekedza.
Kubva mukati, chero chekufambisa inzvimbo yakavharwa, uko kune nzanga yevasingazivi, iyo inogara ichichinja. Chance akavaunza pamwe chete ndokuvamanikidza kuti vapinde mune humwe hukama kune mumwe nemumwe munzvimbo yevafambi. Kukurukurirana kwavo hakuzivikanwi uye kumanikidzirwa, asi kunogona kunge kwakanyanyisa uye kwakasiyana-siyana: vafambi vanogunzvana, tarisa vavakidzani vavo, vanonzwa hurukuro dzevamwe vanhu, vanotendeukira kune mumwe nemumwe nezvikumbiro kana kutaura.
Kunyange zvazvo hunhu hwomutasvi mumwe nomumwe hwakazadzwa nenyika yomukati isingazivikanwe nomunhu upi noupi, panguva imwe cheteyo mutakurwi anenge achiona zvizere, pakunzwa, ari padyo nechinhambwe chinomanikidzirwa uye anosvikirika zvikuru pakubata padhuze kupfuura kupi nokupi kumwe kupi zvako mune imwe nzvimbo yevoruzhinji. . Zvinogona kutotaurwa kuti munharaunda yevafambi, munhu mumwe nomumwe anonyanya kumiririrwa semunhu, ane humwe hukuru uye anoda nzvimbo. Muzvifambiso zveRussia zvinowanzozarisa, mutyairi, akadzvanywa kubva kumativi ese nemitumbi yevamwe vanhu, iye pachake anonzwa zvakajeka kuvapo kwe "corporeal self" yake. Anopindawo mumarudzi akasiana-siana ekurukurirano yomuviri yokumanikidzirwa navaenzi vakasiyana-siyana: anozviwana amene akadzvinyirirwa zvakasimba pavari apo vafambi vatsva vanotsikirirwa mubhazi rakazara vanhu panzvimbo inomira bhazi; anozvipinza pakati pemiviri yevamwe vanhu, achiita nzira yake yekubuda; anobata vavakidzani pamapfudzi, achiedza kukwevera pfungwa dzavo kune chokwadi chokuti anoda kuvakumbira kuti vasimbise couponi, nezvimwewo.
Saka, muviri unobatanidzwa mukusangana kwevafambi kune mumwe nemumwe. Nokudaro, mumagariro evanhu vakuru (uye kwete mwana chete), zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvemuviri wake zvinogara zvichikosha - zvepabonde nezera.
Hurume uye zera remudiwa, pamwe nechimiro chake chemuviri, zvinopesvedzera zvakanyanya kuongororwa kwemagariro uye zviito zvemutyairi paanoita sarudzo: kukanda mapfumo pasi kana kusapa chigaro chake kune mumwe, padivi peanomira kana kugara pasi. , kubva kwaari zvakafanira kubva zvishoma, kwete kudzvinyirirwa chiso nechiso. chiso kunyangwe mukupwanya kwakasimba, nezvimwe.
Pane muviri, dambudziko rinobva ramuka panzvimbo iyo muviri unogara. Munzvimbo yakavharwa yezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji, iri nderimwe remabasa ekukurumidzira emutyairi - kuwana nzvimbo yaunokwanisa kusimuka zvakanaka kana kugara pasi. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti kuzviwanira nzvimbo chinhu chinokosha chemaitiro emunhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye pazera ripi zvaro. Dambudziko iri rinomuka mukireshi, uye kuchikoro, uye pamabiko, uye mune cafe - chero kwatinoenda.
Pasinei nekureruka kuri pachena, kugona kuwana nzvimbo yako pachako kunogadzirwa mumunhu zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuti ubudirire kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, unoda hutano hwakanaka hwepakati uye hwepfungwa maererano ne "simba" remamiriro ezvinhu, iro rinokonzerwa nehukuru hwekamuri, pamwe nekuvapo kwevanhu uye zvinhu. Chinokosha apa ndiko kukwanisa kutora pakarepo nzvimbo yakatarwa yezviitiko, kukwanisa kucherechedza nguva dzose dzakakosha kune ramangwana sarudzo yenzvimbo. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kukurumidza kwekuita sarudzo kwakakosha zvakare, uye kunyangwe fungidziro yeramangwana remafambiro akananga kune chinangwa chakatarwa. Vakuru zvishoma nezvishoma, vasingazvioni, dzidzisa vana vaduku zvose izvi pakusarudza nzvimbo yekutakura. Kudzidza kwakadaro kunoitika zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemaitiro asiri ekutaura (asiri ekutaura) emunhu mukuru - kuburikidza nemutauro wekutarisa, chimiro chechiso, uye kufamba kwemuviri. Kazhinji, vacheche "vanoverenga" mutauro wemuviri wevabereki vavo zvakajeka, vachinyatsotevera kufamba kwevakuru uye kudzokorora. Nokudaro, munhu mukuru zvakananga, pasina mazwi, anoendesa kumwana nzira dzekufunga kwake kwepakati. Zvisinei, nokuda kwekukura kwekuita kwekuziva kwemwana, zvakakosha mupfungwa kuti munhu mukuru asangozviita chete, asiwo ataure nemashoko. Semuenzaniso: "Ngatimirei pano padivi kuti tisave munzira uye tisatadzise vamwe kubva." Kutaura kwakadai kwemazwi kunotamisa mhinduro yedambudziko kumwana kubva padanho rekunzwisisa-motor kusvika padanho rekuziva uye kunzwisisa kuti kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo chiitiko chemunhu anoziva. Munhu mukuru, maererano nezvinangwa zvake zvekudzidzisa, anogona kukudziridza nyaya iyi uye kuita kuti ive yakakosha uye inofadza kumwana wezera ripi zvaro.
Vana vakura vanogona kudzidziswa kuti vazive kugarisana kwenzvimbo. Semuenzaniso: "Fungidzira kuti nei mubhazi zvigaro zvevakaremara zviri pedyo nemusuwo wepamberi, uye kwete kumashure." Kuti apindure, mwana achafanira kuyeuka kuti gonhi repamberi rebhazi (mune dzimwe nyika - nenzira yakasiyana) rinowanzopinda kune vakwegura, vakaremara, vakadzi vane vana - vasina simba uye vanononoka kudarika vanhu vakuru vane hutano vanopinda pakati uye kumashure. mikova. Gonhi remberi riri pedyo nemutyairi, anofanira kuterera vasina simba, kana chimwe chinhu chikaitika, achanzwa kuchema kwavo nokukurumidza kupfuura kure.
Nokudaro, kutaura pamusoro pevanhu vari mukutakura kucharatidza kumwana chakavanzika chekuti hukama hwavo hunofananidzirwa sei musangano wesocial space yebhazi.
Uye zvichave zvinonakidza kune vechidiki vechidiki kufunga nezve nzira yekusarudza nzvimbo yekutakura ivo pachavo, kubva kwaunogona kutarisa munhu wese, uye iwe usingaonekwe iwe pachako. Kana kuti ungaona sei nemeso ako mamiriro ezvinhu akakupoteredza, wakamira wakafuratira munhu wose? Kune wechidiki, pfungwa yekuziva kwemunhu kusarudzwa kwechinzvimbo chake munharaunda yemagariro uye kuvapo kwemaonero akasiyana pairi, mukana wemitambo inonyengera navo - semuenzaniso, kushandisa chiratidziro mugirazi hwindo, nezvimwewo, iri pedyo uye inoyevedza.
Kazhinji, tinogona kutaura kuti mubvunzo wekumira kana kugara panzvimbo yeruzhinji, munhu anodzidza kugadzirisa mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana. Asi zvakare ndezvechokwadi kuti chiitiko chekuwana nzvimbo yekufambisa chinoshanduka kuva muenzaniso wekutanga, wenguva dzose uye wakajeka wekuti izvi zvinoitwa sei.
Vana vanowanzotya kudzvanyirirwa mumotokari dzine vanhu vakawanda. Vabereki vose uye vamwe vafambi vanoedza kudzivirira muduku: vanomubata mumaoko ake, vanowanzomupa chigaro, dzimwe nguva avo vakagara vanomutora pamabvi avo. Mwana mukuru anomanikidzwa kunyanya kuzvichengeta paanenge akamira nevabereki vake, asi pedyo nevamwe, kana kutevera vabereki vake pakubuda. Anosangana nezvipingamupinyi munzira yake muchimiro chemiviri yevanhu mikuru uye yakakora, musana womumwe munhu wakabudikira, makumbo mazhinji akamira sembiru, uye anoedza kupinza mumukana wakamanikana uri pakati pazvo, somufambi ari pakati pemirwi yamatombo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, mwana anoedzwa kuti aone vamwe kwete sevanhu vane pfungwa nemweya, asi semiviri mipenyu yenyama inomukanganisa munzira: “Sei vari vazhinji pano, nekuda kwavo ini ivai nenzvimbo yakakwana! Sei tete ava, vakafuta uye vakafinyama, vakamira pano zvachose, nekuda kwavo handikwanise kupfuurira!”
Munhu mukuru anofanira kunzwisisa kuti mafungiro emwana kune nyika yakamupoteredza uye vanhu, nzvimbo dzake dzekuona nyika zvishoma nezvishoma dzinokura kubva pane zvakaitika kwaari zvekugara mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana. Ichi chiitiko kumwana hachiwanzo kubudirira uye chinofadza, asi mudzidzisi akanaka anogona nguva dzose kuita chero ruzivo runobatsira kana akashanda nemwana.
Somuenzaniso, chimbofunga nezvechinoitika apo mwana ari kuenda kunobuda nemotokari yakazara. Chinhu chekubatsira mwana mukuru chinofanira kunge chiri chekuendesa ruzivo rwemwana kune zvakasiyana-siyana, yepamusoro-soro yekuona mamiriro ezvinhu aya. Dambudziko remweya remufambi mudiki, rinotsanangurwa nesu pamusoro apa, nderekuti anoona vanhu vari mumotokari pazasi uye nyore, gu.e. nhanho yezvinhu - sezvinhu zvenyama zvinovhara nzira yake. Mudzidzisi anofanira kuratidza mwana kuti vanhu vose, vari miviri yenyama, panguva imwe chete vane mweya, izvo zvinorevawo kuvapo kwechikonzero uye kukwanisa kutaura.
Dambudziko rakamuka padanho rakaderera rehuvepo hwemunhu muchimiro chemuviri mupenyu - "Handigone kudzvanya pakati pemiviri iyi" - iri nyore kugadzirisa kana tikatendeukira kune chepamusoro chepfungwa chinowanikwa mune mumwe nemumwe wedu. sechinhu chedu chikuru. Ndiko kuti, zvakakosha kuona avo vakamira - sevanhu, uye kwete semitumbi, uye kutaura navo semunhu, semuenzaniso, nemashoko: "Hamusi kubuda ikozvino here? Nditenderewo ndipfuure!” Uyezve, mumashoko anoshanda, mubereki ane mukana wokuramba achiratidza mwana wacho neruzivo rwokuzviwanira kuti vanhu vanopesvedzerwa zvinobudirira zvikuru nemashoko anoperekedzwa nezviito zvakarurama kupfuura kumanikidzirwa kwakasimba.
Mudzidzisi anoita sei panyaya iyi? Zvakawanda, zvisinei nekureruka kwekunze kwechikumbiro chake. Anoshandura mamiriro ezvinhu kumwana mune imwe nzira yekubatanidza, haisisiri yenyama-spatial, asi yepfungwa uye yetsika, nekusamubvumira kuita kune vanhu sezvinhu zvinopindira uye pakarepo anopa mwana purogiramu itsva yekuzvibata umo iyi mamiriro matsva. zvinoonekwa.
Zvinofadza kuti pakati pevatakuri vakura pane dzimwe nguva pane vanhu avo, vachishandisa nzira dziripo kwavari, vanoedza kupinza chokwadi chimwe chetecho mukuziva kweavo vakavapoteredza zvakananga kupfurikidza nezviito. Hechino humbowo:
“Apo mumwe munhu aiti gu.e. anosunda uye haanditauri semunhu, sokunge ndingori chigutsa mumugwagwa, handiite kuti ndipfuure nemaune kutozosvikira vabvunza zvine ruremekedzo!”
Nenzira, dambudziko iri, mumusimboti, rinonyatsozivikanwa kumwana wechikoro kubva kungano: vatambi vakasangana munzira (chitofu, muti wemuapuro, nezvimwewo) chete ipapo kubatsira mufambi anoshaiwa (anoda kuvanda kubva kuna Baba Yaga. ) paanovaremekedza nekubatana navo zvakakwana (pasinei nekumhanya, achaedza pie iyo sitofu inobata, idya apuro kubva pamuti weapuro - ichi chinobata, chokwadi, muedzo kwaari).
Sezvatatoona, zvinoonekwa zvemwana zvinowanzoita mosaic, mavara emanzwiro, uye haasi nguva dzose akakwana kumamiriro ezvinhu sese. Mupiro wemunhu mukuru unonyanya kukosha pakuti unokwanisa kubatsira mwana kuumba hurongwa hwekugadzirisa mukati umo zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa, kuenzanisa uye kuongorora ruzivo rwemwana.
Iyi inogona kunge iri hurongwa hwekurongeka kwenzvimbo inobatsira mwana kufamba munzvimbo - semuenzaniso, kuti asarasike pakufamba, kutsvaga nzira yekuenda kumba. Uye hurongwa hwehukama hwemagariro nenzira yekuzivana nemitemo, mitemo, kurambidzwa kwevanhu, kubatsira kunzwisisa mamiriro ezuva nezuva. Uye hurongwa hwekunamata uye hwetsika kurongeka, huripo sehumambo hwehutsika, hunova kambasi kumwana munyika yehukama hwevanhu.
Ngatidzoke zvakare kumamiriro ezvinhu nemwana ari mukutakura, achiita nzira yake mukupwanya kwevanhu kusvika pakubuda. Pamusoro peurongwa hwetsika hwatakurukura, pane chimwe chinhu chinokosha mariri chinovhura dandemutande chairo reunyanzvi hwemagariro. Aya ndiwo maitiro ekuita ayo mwana anogona kudzidza chete nekuve mutyairi muzvifambiso zvevoruzhinji, uye kwete tekisi kana mota yega. Isu tiri kutaura nezve hunyanzvi hwekudyidzana kwemuviri nevamwe vanhu, pasina izvo mutakuri weRussia, neruremekedzo rwake rwese kune vamwe uye nekugona kutaura navo nemuromo, kazhinji haakwanise kunyange kupinda kana kubuda chifambiso panzvimbo yaunoda. .
Kana tikatarisa chero munhu ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira ari mumabhazi eRussia nezvitima zvitima achifamba nenzira youngwaru kuenda kunobuda, tichaona kuti haangotauri chete anenge munhu wose waanofanira kuvhiringidza kuti achinje nzvimbo (“Ndine urombo! Rega ndipfuure! iwe unofamba zvishoma?"), kwete chete kutenda avo vakapindura zvikumbiro zvake, kwete chete kuseka mamiriro acho uye iye pachake, asiwo nehungwaru "inoyerera" vanhu nemuviri wake, achiedza kuti asavakonzeresa zvakanyanya kusagadzikana. . Kudyidzana kwemuviri kwakadai kwemunhu uyu nevanhu vanga vari munzira ndiko kwatagara tichidaidza kuti "kutaurirana kwemuviri" muchitsauko chino. Anenge mugari wese weRussia anosangana mumamiriro ekufambisa uye akatarisana nemienzaniso yehupenzi hwemuviri uye kusagadzikana, kana munhu asinganzwisisi kuti akamira munzira yemunhu wese, haanzwe kuti anofanirwa kutendeuka kuti apfuure pakati pevanhu, nezvimwe. P.
Kubudirira mukukurukurirana kwemuviri mumamiriro ezvinhu emagariro emhando inotsanangurwa pamusoro apa inobva pakukura kwekunzwira tsitsi uye kunzwa kwemuviri maererano nevamwe vanhu, kusavapo kwekutya kubata, pamwe chete nemurairo wakanaka wemuviri wega. Hwaro hwemano aya hwakaiswa muhuduku hwepakutanga. Zvinoenderana nemhando uye kupfuma kweiyo kubatwa kwemuviri kwaive pakati paamai nemwana. Kusimba uye nguva yekubatana uku kwakabatana nehunhu hwemunhu hwemhuri uye nerudzi rwetsika iyo mhuri iri. Zvadaro vanokura, vakafumiswa nehunyanzvi chaihwo hwekudyidzana kwemuviri wemwana nevanhu vakasiyana mumamiriro akasiyana. Kukura uye chimiro chechiitiko chakadaro zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda. Chimwe chazvo itsika yetsika, iyo inowanzosazivikanwa nevanhu vayo, kunyange zvazvo inozviratidza mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurera vana uye maitiro ezuva nezuva.
Vanhu vekuRussia vagara vachisiyaniswa nekugona kwavo kudyidzana munyama nepfungwa nemumwe munhu ari padhuze, kutanga kubva pakukurukurirana kwepamoyo uye kupedzisa nenyaya yekuti vakagara vachibudirira mukuita wrestling yemahara, ruoko-ku- kurwisana nemaoko, kurwisa bayonet, kutamba kweboka, etc. Muchinyakare chekare chiRussia fisticuffs chakasvika kumazuva edu, mamwe mazano ekutanga emutauro weRussia wekutaurirana anooneka zvakajeka, akaiswa mumhando yemaitiro ekurwisana.
Kutarisisa kwenyanzvi yezvepfungwa kunobva kwakwezvwa neaya echiRussia chaiwo ekushandisa nzvimbo mukudyidzana nemuvengi. Nzira inonyanya kukosha iyo varwi vose vezvibhakera zvakanyatsoshanda uye kwenguva yakareba ndeye "kunamatira" - kukwanisa kuswedera pedyo sezvinobvira kune mumwe wake uye "mutsetse" munzvimbo yake yega, kubata rhythm yekufamba kwake. Murwi weRussia haazviregi, asi, pane kudaro, anoedza kushamwaridzana kwepedyo nemuvengi, achimujaira, achiva pane imwe nguva mumvuri wake, uye kuburikidza neizvi anomuziva uye anomunzwisisa.
Kuti uwane kuwirirana kwakadaro kwemiviri miviri inokurumidza kufamba, umo imwe inoputira imwe, zvinogoneka chete pahwaro hwekugona kwakanyanya kwemunhu kupinda mukusangana kwepfungwa kusinganzwisisike nemumwe. Kugona uku kunokura pahwaro hwekunzwira tsitsi - kugadzikana kwemanzwiro uye kwemuviri uye tsitsi, pane imwe nguva ichipa manzwiro ekubatana kwemukati nemudiwa mune imwechete. Kukura kwekunzwira tsitsi kunobva mukutaurirana kweudiki naamai, uye zvino kunotsanangurwa nekusiyana uye kunaka kwekutaurirana kwemuviri nevezera nevabereki.
Muhupenyu hweRussia, zvose mumadzitateguru-varimi uye mune yemazuva ano, munhu anogona kuwana mamiriro ezvinhu akawanda evanhu anonyatsoita kuti vanhu vaswedere pedyo nepedyo uye, maererano naizvozvo, vanovandudza kukwanisa kwavo kwekusangana kwakadaro. (Nenzira iyo, kunyange tsika yemusha weRussia, iyo yakashamisa vatariri nekusava nemusoro kwayo, kuisa matumba evarimi pedyo zvikuru kune mumwe nemumwe, pasinei nekupisa nguva dzose, sezviri pachena kune mavambo akafanana epfungwa. Uye ivowo, vanobatanidzwa nemweya. uye nheyo dzetsika dzepfungwa dzevanhu pamusoro penyika yevanhu) Naizvozvo, zvisinei nekusachengetedzwa kwese kwakavakirwa pazvikonzero zvehupfumi (kushaikwa kweiyo rolling stock, zvichingodaro), kutakurwa kweRussia, kwakazara nevanhu, ndeyechinyakare kubva kune tsika uye yepfungwa maonero.
Vatorwa vanobva kuMadokero vanozivikanwa zviri nyore mukutakura kwedu zvichibva pakuti vanoda imwe nzvimbo. Kusiyana neizvi, vanoedza kusatendera mutorwa kuti aswedere pedyo, kumudzivisa kupinda munzvimbo yavo yega uye kuedza kumudzivirira nepavanogona napo: kutambanudza maoko avo nemakumbo zvakafara, chengeta chinhambwe chikuru pakupinda nekubuda, edza kudzivisa kusangana kwomuviri netsaona nevamwe.
Mumwe muAmerica aishanyira St. Petersburg nguva dzose aigara mubhazi uye aisagona kuburuka panzvimbo yake, nokuti yakanga iri yokupedzisira. Kuti asasunda pamwe chete nevamwe, aigarorega munhu wose aibuda mberi kwake ndokuchengeta chinhambwe chakakura kwazvo pakati pake nomunhu wokupedzisira aifamba pamberi pake zvokuti mhomho yavanhu vakanga vasingashiviriri vaiva paringi vakamhanyira mukati mebhazi. pasina kumirira kuti iburuke. Kwaari zvaiita sekuti kana akasangana nevanhu ava, vaizomupwanya nekumupwanya, uye kuti azviponese, akamhanya achidzokera mubhazi. Patakakurukura nezvekutya kwake naye uye tikamugadzirira basa idzva - kubata muviri nevanhu uye kuzviongorora isu pachedu kuti chii - mhedzisiro yacho yanga isingatarisirwi. Pashure pezuva rose rekufamba nechifambiso, akati nomufaro: “Nhasi ndakambundikirana uye ndakambundirana mukupwanyika nevanhu vandisingazivi zvokuti handichagona kupengenuka—zvinofadza zvikuru, zvinoshamisa—kunzwa ndiri pedyo zvikuru mutorwa, nekuti ini ndiinaye handimbobati mhuri yangu zvakanyanya.
Zvinoitika kuti kuvhurika, kuwanikwa kwemuviri, kushambadzwa kwemutakuri wezvifambiso zvedu zveveruzhinji inhamo yake uye mukana wake - chikoro cheruzivo. Mutakuri pachake kazhinji anorota ari ega uye angada kunge ari mutekisi kana mota yake. Zvisinei, hazvisi zvose zvatisingadi hazvibatsiri kwatiri. Uye zvakasiyana - hazvisi zvese zvakatinakira zvakatinakira.
Imotokari yega inopa muridzi wayo zvakawanda zvakanaka, kunyanya kusununguka uye kuchengetedzwa kwekunze. Anogaramo, sepaimba yake pamakumbo. Imba iyi ine ruzivo seyechipiri «corporeal I» - yakakura, yakasimba, inofamba inokurumidza, yakavharwa kubva kumativi ose. Aya ndiwo manzwiro anoita munhu akagara mukati.
Asi sezvazvinowanzoitika kana tikaendesa chikamu chemabasa edu kune mubatsiri-chinhu, tarasikirwa nacho, tinonzwa tisingabatsiri, panjodzi, tisina kukwana. Munhu ajaira kutyaira mota yake anotanga kuinzwa sekamba iri mudemhe. Asina motokari - netsoka kana, kunyanya, mukutakura kwevanhu - anonzwa kunyimwa izvo zvivakwa zvaiita seyake: hukuru, simba, kukurumidza, kuchengeteka, kuvimba. Anoratidzika kwaari sediki, anononoka, akavhurika zvakanyanya kune zvisingafadzi pesvedzero yekunze, asingazivi nzira yekutarisana nenzvimbo huru uye madaro. Kana munhu akadaro aine hunyanzvi hwakambogadzirwa hweanofamba netsoka uye mutyairi, saka nekukurumidza, mukati memazuva mashoma, ivo vanodzoserwa zvakare. Unyanzvi uhwu hunoumbwa muhuduku nekuyaruka uye hunopa kugadzirisa, iyo yakajairika "kusimba" kwemunhu mumamiriro ezvinhu mumugwagwa uye mukutakura. Asi ivo zvakare vane yakadzama psychological underpinning.
Kana munhu akararama zvakakwana kuburikidza nemamwe mamiriro emagariro evanhu, akajaira kwavari, izvi nokusingaperi zvinomupa purofiti yakapetwa kaviri: nenzira yekuvandudza unyanzvi hwemaitiro ekunze uye nenzira yehutano hwemukati hunoenda pakuvaka unhu hwake, kuvaka kugadzikana kwayo, kusimba kwekuzviziva uye humwe hunhu.
Mumwe mutami wokuRussia akauya pazororo achibva kuUnited States aine mwanasikana ane makore matatu, akanga atoberekerwa kunze kwenyika, anotaura nezvenguva yake yokumbotandara kuRussia: “Ini naMashenka tinoedza kufamba zvakawanda nechokufambisa, Anozvifarira zvokuti anogona kutarisa vanhu vari pedyo ipapo. Mushure mezvose, muAmerica, isu, sevamwe vose, tinotyaira nemotokari chete. Masha haaoni vamwe vanhu padhuze uye haazive nzira yekutaura navo. Achabatsira zvikuru pano. "
Nokudaro, achitsanangura mazwi aVoltaire, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa inogona kuti: kana pasina zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji zvakazadzwa nevanhu, saka zvingave zvakakosha kuigadzira uye nguva nenguva kutakura vana pairi kukudziridza unyanzvi hunokosha hwemagariro evanhu.
Bhazi, tram uye trolleybus inoshanduka kuva imwe yeaya makirasi muchikoro chehupenyu kumwana, iyo inobatsira kudzidza. Zvinodzidzwa nomwana mukuru ipapo, achienda nzendo dzakazvimirira, ticharangarira muchitsauko chinotevera.
Nzendo dzisina vanhu vakuru: mikana mitsva
Kazhinji, kutanga kwenzendo dzakazvimiririra dzemwana wemudhorobha mukutakura kwevanhu kunobatanidzwa nekudiwa kwekusvika kuchikoro. Hazvisi nguva dzose kuti vabereki vake vamuperekedze, uye kazhinji atova mugiredhi rekutanga (kureva, pazera remakore manomwe) anotanga kufamba ari oga. Kubva mugiredhi rechipiri kana rechitatu, kufamba kwakazvimirira kuenda kuchikoro kana kudenderedzwa kunova tsika, kunyangwe vanhu vakuru vanoedza kuperekedza mwana uye kusangana naye munzira yekudzoka. Nezera rino, mwana atove aunganidza ruzivo rwakanyanya mukukwira zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji, asi pamwe chete nemunhu mukuru anoperekedza, anonzwa sekudzivirirwa, vimbiso yekuchengeteka, kutsigirwa munguva dzakaoma.
Kufamba uri wega inyaya yakasiyana zvachose. Chero ani anoziva kuti kuomerwa kwakanyanya kunowedzera sei paunotanga kuita chimwe chinhu zvachose uri wega, pasina chipangamazano padyo. Muzviito zvakapfava uye zvinoita sezvichijairika, matambudziko asingafanoonekwi anoratidzwa pakarepo.
Kufamba uri wega kune njodzi nguva dzose. Mushure mezvose, munzira, munhu akazaruka maererano nenjodzi chero ipi zvayo uye panguva imwechete inorambidzwa kutsigirwa kwenzvimbo yakajairika. Chirevo chekuti: "Dzimba nemadziro anobatsira" ipfungwa yepfungwa. Sezvatakakurukura muChitsauko 2, pamusha kana kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu anosanozivikanwa, anodzokororwa, munhu anozvipfekedza amene mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinopa munhu pfungwa yezvitsigiro zvakawanda zvokunze zvinomupa kutsiga. Pano yedu «Ini» inova senge octopus, iyo yakatambanudza matende ayo nenzira dzakasiyana, yakagadzika pamatombo uye mitsetse yegungwa, uye inobudirira inopikisa ikozvino.
Mufambi-mufambi, pane zvinopesana, anoparadzana neanozivikanwa uye akagadzikana uye anozviwana ari mumamiriro ezvinhu apo zvinhu zvose zvakapoteredza zvinoshanduka, zvinyoro, zvisingagumi: maonero anoputika kunze kwemahwindo ekutakura, vanhu vasina kujaira vanopoteredza vanopinda uye vanobva. Iyo chaiyo etymology yezwi rekuti "mufambi" inoratidza kuti uyu munhu ari kufamba nepakati uye kupfuura izvo zvisina kuchinjwa uye akamira.
Kazhinji, chinhu chakavimbika uye chakagadzikana chekuchinja kwemamiriro akatenderedza mutyairi ndiye pachake, wake "Ini". Ndiyo iyo inogara iripo uye inogona kuva tsigiro uye isingazununguki yereferensi poindi mukuchinja kurongeka kwehurongwa hwekunze. Sezvo mutyairi achifamba munzvimbo yenyika ino, "Ini" yake haisisiri yakapararira mupfungwa pakati pezvinhu zvekugara kwaanogara, asi, zvakasiyana, inonyanya kukoshesa mukati memiganhu yemuviri wake. Nekuda kweizvi, iyo «Ini» inova yakanyanya kunyura, yakaunganidzwa pachayo. Saka, basa remutyairi rinoita kuti munhu anyatso kuzviziva paari maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu ekunze ari kuchinja.
Kana tikatarisa dambudziko zvakanyanya uye totora chiyero chakakura, tichawana humwe husimbiso hwenharo idzi.
Somuenzaniso, kubvira kare, kufamba, kunyanya nzendo dzokudzidza kunze kwenyika, kwave kuchionekwa sechinhu chinokosha mukurerwa kwomunhu mukuyaruka. Izvo hazvina kuitwa chete kupfumisa ruzivo rwekuziva, asiwo nekukura kwemunhu. Mushure mezvose, hudiki ndiyo nguva yekuumbwa kwehunhu, apo wechidiki anofanira kudzidza kunzwa kusimba kwemukati kwake, kutsvaga rutsigiro rwakawanda mukati make, uye kwete kunze, kuti awane pfungwa yekuzivikanwa kwake. Pane imwe nguva mune imwe nyika, uye kunyanya mune imwe nyika, yekunze tsika yemagariro, asina kufanana nevamwe, munhu anotanga kuona misiyano uye kuona mukati make zvinhu zvakawanda zvaakanga asingazivi kare. Zvinoitika kuti, mushure mekufamba rwendo rwekuona nyika yakatenderedza, mufambi ari panguva imwe cheteyo achitsvaga nzira yekuenda kwake.
Vanhu vakuru, vakatoumbwa kazhinji vanowanzobva pamba, voenda parwendo kuti vabve pane zvose zvavanoziva, vaunganidze pfungwa dzavo, vanonzwa uye vanozvinzwisisa zvizere, uye vadzokere kwavari.
Kune vamwe, zvingaratidzika kuva zvakashinga zvikuru, zvisingaenzaniswi pamwero, kuenzanisa rwendo rurefu rwomunhu mukuru uye rwendo rwokuzvimiririra rwomwana wegiredhi rokutanga kuenda kuchikoro. Asi munyika yezviitiko zvepfungwa, haisi chiyero chekunze chezviitiko chakakosha, asi kufanana kwavo kunoreva mukati. Muchiitiko ichi, zvose zviri zviviri mamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti munhu anzwe kuparadzaniswa kwake, kuvimbika kwake, kutora mutoro pachake uye kugadzirisa mabasa anokosha ane chokuita nekukwanisa kufamba munzvimbo yepanyama uye yemagariro epasi rakamupoteredza.
Ongororo yenyaya dzevana vechikoro chepuraimari nevechiri kuyaruka nezvekuti vakadzidza sei kukwira mukutakura kwemudhorobha zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kusiyanisa zvikamu zvitatu mukuita uku, chimwe nechimwe chine mabasa ayo epfungwa.
Chikamu chekutanga chekuzvimiririra kusimudzira kwezvifambiso zveveruzhinji nevana chinogona kunzi adaptive. Ichi ndicho chikamu chekujaira, kugadzirisa, kuzvigadzirisa kune zvinodiwa zvemamiriro matsva.
Panguva ino, basa remwana nderekuita zvese nemazvo uye kusvika kunzvimbo yacho pasina chiitiko. Izvi zvinoreva: sarudza bhazi rakakodzera, trolleybus kana tram nhamba, usagumburwa, usadonha, usarasikirwa nezvinhu zvako munzira, usapwanyika nerukova rwevakuru uye buruka pakamira chaipo. . Mwana anoziva kuti anofanira kuyeuka mitemo yakawanda: iwe unofanirwa kusimbisa tikiti, kutenga tikiti kana kuratidza kadhi rekufamba, kana uchiyambuka mugwagwa unofanirwa kutarisa kuruboshwe kune imwe nzvimbo, uye kune imwe nzvimbo kurudyi (kunyangwe iye akayambuka mugwagwa. kazhinji haayeuke zvakasimba kuti ndekupi kurudyi uye kupi kuruboshwe) uye nezvimwe.
Iko kugona kuita nemazvo basa remutyairi uye kunzwa uine chivimbo uye kudzikama panguva imwe chete kunoda kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwakawanda hunofanirwa kuunzwa kune automatism. Kana tikanyora anonyanya kukosha mabasa epfungwa ayo mutyairi wechidiki anofanira kutarisana nawo, saka isu tichashamiswa nekuwanda kwavo uye kuoma kwavo.
Boka rekutanga remabasa rine chekuita nenyaya yekuti chifambiso chinoramba chichifamba munzvimbo mune yayo yekumhanyisa hutongi, iyo mufambi anofanira kujairana nayo. Nokudaro, anofanirwa kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pekufamba kwekufambisa mumunda wekucherechedza nguva dzose.
Mukutakura kwenyika, anofanira kutarisa izvo zvinoonekwa kubva pahwindo. Tiri kuenda kupi? Ndoenda rinhi? Kana iyi iri nzira yenguva dzose yekufamba yemwana (sezvinowanzoitika), saka anofanira kuyeuka uye kukwanisa kuziva zviratidzo zvekunze kunze kwehwindo - mharadzano, dzimba, zviratidzo, zviziviso - izvo zvaanogona kufamba, kugadzirira mberi kwe kubuda. Dzimwe nguva vana vanowedzera kuverenga zvimiso munzira.
Munjanji, mutakurwi anoedza kunyatsoteerera chiziviso chezita rechiteshi chinotevera. Pamusoro pezvo, ane masekonzi mashoma ekuziva shongedzo yechiteshi kana chitima chave kutomira. Kuoma kukuru kumwana ndiko kuenderera mberi kwekutevera kwakadaro. Vana vaneta nekugara vachisanganisirwa mukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze - izvi zvakavaomera zvikuru. Asi zvinotyisa kupfuudza kumira kwako. Zvinoratidzika kuvana vadiki vakawanda kuti vachaendwa navo hakuna anoziva kuti kupi uye kubva ikoko hazvizobviri kuwana nzira yokudzokera.
Kana munhu mukuru akarasikirwa nemabhengi munzira, saka kazhinji zviri nyore kuti abvunze vavakidzani vake: chii chaiva kana kuti chichava chekumira, kupi kuti uende, kana iwe uchida kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo?
Kune vana vakawanda, izvi zvinenge zvisingabviri. Pano vakatarisana neboka rechipiri remabasa - zvemagariro-yepfungwa - izvo mutyairi anofanirawo kugadzirisa. Zvinotyisa zvikuru kutendeukira kune wausingazivi muchifambiso. Dzimwe nguva zviri nyore kuchema uye saka kukwezva kutarisa kwevanogona kubatsira. Vanhu vakapoteredza mwana vanoita sevari masimba ose, vane simba, vasinganzwisisiki, vane ngozi vasingatarisirwi muzviito zvavo. Kuenzaniswa navo, mwana anonzwa asina simba, muduku, asina simba, ari pasi - sembeva pamberi pegomo. Inzwi rake rinonyara, risinganzwisisiki kazhinji harinzwiki nemunhu chero upi zvake paanobvunza chinyararire mubvunzo wepamutemo: "Mava kuenda zvino?", "Ndingapfuura here?" Asi kazhinji vana vadiki vanotya kubata vanhu vakuru mukutakura. Vanotyiswa nepfungwa chaiyo yekutanga kuonana - zvakaita sekuburitsa genie mubhodhoro kana kukwenya hofori nepfumo: hazvizivikanwe zvichaitika.
Kana mwana achifamba ari oga, asina vezera rake vanopa ushingi, matambudziko ake ose anowedzera paruzhinji: anotya kuita chimwe chinhu chakaipa, kuunza kutsamwa kwevanhu vakuru kana kungoteerera kwavo kwepedyo, nekuda kwekuti anokwanisa kuvhiringidzika kunyange mukati. zvaanoziva uye zvaanoziva kuita. Manzwiro ekushaya simba uye kutya kwekusangana, pamwe nehunyanzvi husina kuvandudzwa hunowanzo kukudziridzwa panguva dzenzendo nevabereki, dzimwe nguva zvinotungamira kune chokwadi chekuti mwana haangogone kuita nzira yekubuda neshoko (matauriro akaita sekuti "Regai enda”), asi zvakare anotya kunyange kusvina pakati pemiviri yevamwe vanhu kuti vaburuke pakamira chaipo, kana wanga usina nguva yekuve pamberi pekubuda.
Kazhinji unyanzvi hwakakodzera hwemagariro evanhu hunovandudzwa neruzivo: zvinotora nguva - uye mwana achatarisa zvakasiyana zvachose. Asi pane zviitiko apo matambudziko akadaro ekugadzirisa chikamu anopfuurira mukuyaruka, uye kunyange gare gare. Izvi zvinoitika mumagariro evanhu vasina kugadziriswa avo, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, vakachengeta matambudziko emwana wavo "Ini" asina kugadziriswa, asingazivi kuti chii chokuvimba nacho, uye anotya nyika yakaoma yakapoteredza.
Munhu mukuru akakwana anogona kudzokorora mamwe ematambudziko echikamu chekugadzirisa uye anonzwa akawanda ematambudziko emwana mutakuri kana akazviwana ari mukutakura veruzhinji kune imwe nzvimbo kuti awane mari, mune prim England kana exotic Dhaka, kune imwe nyika ine mutauro usina kunaka. anozivikanwa, uye haazivi mitemo yepamba.
Iye zvino ngatiedzei kupindura mubvunzo: ndeupi unyanzvi hupi hunoumbwa mumwana muchikamu chekutanga chekuzvimiririra kubudirira kwekutakura?
Chekutanga, iyo seti yehunyanzvi inovimbisa kubatanidzwa kwepfungwa mumamiriro ezvinhu uye kugona kuchengetedza kutarisisa kweakawanda ezvakatipoteredza paramita anogara achichinja mune yavo modhi: iyo nyika kunze kwemahwindo, vanhu vakavapoteredza, kuvhunduka. uye kudengenyeka kwemotokari, mameseji emutyairi, nezvimwe.
Chechipiri, maonero ekuonana nezvinhu zvakakupoteredza uye vanhu anogadzirwa uye anosimbiswa, hunyanzvi hwekuonana kwakadai hunoonekwa: unogona kubata, kubata, kugara pasi, zviise pawakakunakira iwe uye kwausingakanganise vamwe. inogona kubata vamwe nemimwe mibvunzo uye zvikumbiro, nezvimwe.
Chechitatu, ruzivo rwemitemo yemagariro iyo vanhu vanoteerera mumamiriro ekufambisa inoumbwa: izvo mutyairi ane kodzero yekuita uye izvo zvisiri izvo, kuti vanhu vanowanzoita sei mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Chechina, imwe nhanho yekuzviziva inooneka, kugona kuzvipindura (uye kwete vamwe vanhu, sezvazvaive muhuduku) kumubvunzo wekuti "ndini ani?" mumashanduro ayo akasiyana-siyana. Mwana anotanga kusvika kune imwe nhanho kuzviona semunhu akazvimiririra mumuviri, wemagariro, wepfungwa uye haarasikirwe nekusangana naye mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo. Uye izvi zvinoitika kwete chete nevana. Somuenzaniso, rimwe jaya rinomira pamusuo chaiwo muchitima chinofamba napasi uye harioni kuti rakabata gonhi iri netsoka yaro, richiridzivisa kuvharika. Katatu inzwi paredhiyo rinokumbira kusunungura masuo, sezvo chitima chisingagoni kufamba. Jaya harizvitoreri izvi. Pakupedzisira, vafambi vakatsamwa vanoti kwaari: sei wakabatirira gonhi netsoka yako? Murume wechidiki anoshamisika, kunyara uye pakarepo anobvisa gumbo rake.
Pasina pfungwa yekugadzikana uye kuvimbika kwemunhu, chokwadi chekuvapo kwemunhu mumamiriro ezvinhu evanhu, chimiro chemunhu mairi, kodzero dzemunhu nemikana, hapazovi nehwaro hweunhu hunovimbisa kutanga kwezvikamu zviviri zvinotevera.
Sezvatatoona, vana vanowanzowana unyanzvi hwose uhwu zvishoma nezvishoma, neruzivo - hupenyu hunovadzidzisa ivo pachavo. Asi mudzidzisi anofunga, uye muzviitiko zvakakosha, chiremba wepfungwa, mushure mekucherechedza mwana, anogona kumupa rubatsiro rwakakosha kana akateerera kune izvo zviitiko zvechiitiko chake zvakazove zvisina kukwana kurarama nemwana. Uyezve, pachava nemapoinzi maviri akakosha: kuzviziva uye mafungiro akanaka pakuonana nenyika yekunze.
Vana vanogara muchikamu chekugadzirisa, avo vari kungotanga kukwira mukutakura ivo pachavo, vanowanzotarisa zvakanyanya ivo pachavo nezviito zvavo uye vanonyanya kunetseka. Zvisinei, mwana akadzikama uye ane chivimbo anonzwa ari mubasa remufambi, kunyanya, achibvisa matambudziko ne "Ini" yake, anotanga kuona zviri kuitika kumativi ose. Nokudaro inotanga chikamu chechipiri chekuwana kwemwana ruzivo rwevatakuri, iyo inogona kunzi inoratidza. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, chinzvimbo chemucherechedzi zvakanaka uye kwenguva refu chinozivikanwa kumwana. Iye zvino, semutyairi, anonzwa akasununguka zvakakwana kuti atarise zvakanyanya kune nyika kunze kwehwindo uye kune vanhu vari mukati mekutakura. Hutsva hwechikamu chekutarisa chiri muchokwadi chekuti kufarira kwekutarisa kwemwana kunotendeuka kubva pakuita zvishoma kuita kutsvaga. Mwana iye zvino haabatiki kwete chete nezvekusaita gomba rakadzika-dzika munyika ino, asi nenyika pachayo yakadaro - chimiro chayo uye zviitiko zviri kuitika imomo. Kunyange mwana haasisiri kungobata tikiti yake muruoko rwake, achitya kurasikirwa nayo, asi anoongorora nhamba pairi, anowedzera matatu ekutanga uye matatu ekupedzisira kutarisa: kamwe-kamwe mari ichaenderana, uye iye achafara.
Munyika kunze kwehwindo, anotanga kuona zvakawanda: ndeapi migwagwa yaanotyaira, ndeapi mamwe maitiro ekufambisa ari kuenda nenzira imwechete, uye ndezvipi zvinhu zvinonakidza zviri kuitika mumugwagwa. Kumba, anoudza vabereki vake achidada kuti anonyatsoziva hurongwa hwebhazi rake, raakatarisa newachi, kuti nhasi akwanisa kukurumidza kutora imwe nhamba uye kutyaira kuda kuenda kuchikoro apo bhazi rake rakaparara. Iye zvino iwe unogona kazhinji kunzwa nyaya kubva kwaari pamusoro pezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvemumugwagwa uye nyaya dzinonakidza.
Kana vabereki vachinyatsoonana nemwana uye vachitaura naye kakawanda, vangaona kuti kukura kwaanoita, ndipo paanonyanya kutarisa vanhu vari mubhazi. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka mushure memakore mapfumbamwe - zera apo mwana anotanga kufarira zvinangwa zvezviito zvevanhu. Vamwe vana vanonyatsounganidza zvinhu zverudzi rwe "Human Comedy", zvitsauko zvega zvevanofara kuudza vanhu vakuru vanofarira pakudya kwemasikati kana kudya kwemanheru. Zvino zvinogona kuitika kuti mwana anonyatsodzidza marudzi akasiyana-siyana emagariro evanhu, anonyatsoteerera kune ese mamiriro ezvinhu apo vatambi vari vanhu vanokosha kwaari (semuenzaniso, vabereki vane vana), anoona vakanyadziswa uye vanodzvinyirirwa uye vanoda kukurukura matambudziko ekururamisira. , magumo, hondo pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa. munyika yevanhu.
Munhu mukuru anoona kuti kufamba mukutakura kuri kuita chikoro chaicho chehupenyu, uko mwana weguta, kunyanya munguva dzedu dzinonetsa, anoburitsa karaidoscope yese yezviso nemamiriro ezvinhu, mamwe aanoona nekukurumidza, nepo mamwe aanocherechedza kwenguva yakareba. nguva - semuenzaniso, vafambi venguva dzose. Kana munhu mukuru achikwanisa kuva munhu ane mutsa uye anokurudzira interlocutor, saka muhurukuro idzi, achishandisa muenzaniso wekukurukura mamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu anokosha kumwana, munhu mukuru anogona kushanda mupfungwa kuburikidza nemisoro yakawanda inokosha pamwe chete naye. Zvinosuruvarisa, vabereki vanowanzoona zviitiko zvehupenyu hwemwana sekutaura kusina maturo kusina kukodzera kuteerera, kana kungofanana nemamiriro ezvinhu anosetsa asina chirevo chakadzama.
Sezvo mwana anokura, miitiro mitsva yetsika inooneka mukati mokutanga kuyaruka. Chikamu chechitatu chekuvandudzwa kwekutakura chiri kuuya, chinogona kunzi kuedza uye kugadzira. Muchikamu chino, chido chekuedza uye kusada kuva muranda wemamiriro ezvinhu zvinooneka zvakajeka. Tinogona kutaura kuti mwana atogadziridzwa zvakakwana kuti asachinja zvakare.
Iri idanho idzva muhukama hwake nenyika, inozviratidza nenzira dzakasiyana, asi vese vane chimwe chinhu chakafanana - chishuwo chekuva munhu anoshingaira, anobvunza uye nekuchenjera kutonga nzira dzekufambisa dziripo kwaari nekuda kwezvinangwa zvake. . Kwete kwavanondiendesa, asi kwandichaenda.
Iyi inoshingaira uye yekugadzira mafungiro inogona kuzviratidza mukuda kwechokwadi kwemwana kubatanidza nzira dzakasiyana dzekutakura uye kusarudza nzira dzakawanda uye dzakawanda kubva pane imwe nzvimbo "A" kusvika ku "B". Saka, sekunge kuitira kuchengetedza nguva, mwana anofamba nemabhazi maviri uye trolleybus apo zvinokwanisika kusvika nyore nyore neimwe nzira yekufambisa. Asi anosvetuka kubva pakamira kuti amire, achinakidzwa nesarudzo, kugona kwake kusanganisa nzira uye kuita sarudzo. Mukomana wechikoro pano akafanana nekamwana kane zvinyoreso zvisere mubhokisi, uye anoda chaizvo kudhirowa neimwe yadzo kuti anzwe kuti ava kukwanisa kushandisa maturusi ose anawo.
Kana kuti, anonoka kusvika pachidzidzo chechirungu chakavanzika, anozivisa mudzidzisi nemufaro kuti nhasi awana mumwe mutsva, watova mukana wechitatu wekutakura kuti asvike kumba kwake.
Panguva ino yekukura kwemwana, kutakura kunova kwaari kwete nzira yekufambisa munharaunda yemaguta, asiwo chimbo chekuziva kwayo. Mwana paakanga achiri mudiki, zvaive zvakakosha kuti asarasikirwe neimwe nzira yechokwadi chete. Iye zvino anofunga nenzira yakasiyana zvakasiyana: kwete nenzira dzakasiyana, dzakaiswa semikoridho kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, - iye zvino anoona nzvimbo yose yepakati pamberi pake, iyo iwe unogona kuzvimiririra kusarudza nzira dzakasiyana dzekufamba.
Kuonekwa kwechiratidzo chakadaro kunoratidza kuti muuchenjeri mwana akasimuka danho repamusoro - ane pfungwa dze "mepu dzenharaunda" dzinopa kunzwisisa kwekuenderera kwenzvimbo yepasi rakapoteredza. Zvinonakidza kuti mwana anokurumidza kuunza izvi zvakawanikwa zvehungwaru kuhupenyu kwete chete muhunhu hutsva hwemashandisirwo ekufambisa, asiwo murudo rwunopenya rwusingatarisirwe rwekudhirowa mamepu akasiyana-siyana nemadhayagiramu.
Inogona kuva chinyorwa chenguva dzose chemusikana ane makore gumi nemaviri, akasiiwa kuna amai vake muzhizha pa dacha, achiratidza kuti ndeupi weshamwari dzake dzaakashanyira, uye achibatanidza chirongwa chenharaunda, iyo miseve inoratidza nzira. kumba kweshamwari iyi.
Inogona kunge iri mepu yeimwe nyika yengano, uko mwana nguva nenguva anofamba mufungidziro dzake, kana "Mepu yePirates" ine hunyanzvi hwekududza pfuma yakavigwa, yakasungirirwa kunzvimbo chaiyo.
Kana kuti zvichida kudhirowa kwekamuri yavo, zvisingatarisirwi kuvabereki, nemufananidzo wezvinhu zviri mairi mu "top view" fungidziro.
Kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekubudirira kwehungwaru kwakadaro kwemwana wekutanga kuyaruka, kusakwana kwematanho apfuura ekunzwisisa kwemwana kwenzvimbo kunova pachena. Yeuka kuti vana vanotanga kufunga munzvimbo, zvichienderana neboka renzvimbo. "Nzvimbo" dzakasiyana-siyana dzinozivikanwa nemwana pakutanga sezvitsuwa zvinozivikanwa kwaari mugungwa rehupenyu. Asi mupfungwa dzemwana mudiki, iyo pfungwa chaiyo yemepu setsanangudzo yenzvimbo yenzvimbo idzi dzine hukama kune imwe neimwe haipo. Ndiko kuti, haina topological scheme yenzvimbo. (Pano tinogona kuyeuka kuti nzvimbo yengano yenyika yemunhu wekare, senyika yekusaziva kwemunhu wemazuva ano, yakavakirwa papfungwa dzevana uye zvakare ine "nzvimbo" dzakaparadzana, pakati pezvisina chinhu zvakare.
Zvadaro, pakati penzvimbo dzakaparadzana dzemwana, makoridhe marefu akatambanudzwa - nzira, dzinoratidzwa nekuenderera mberi kwekosi.
Uye chete ipapo, sezvataona, iyo pfungwa yekuenderera kwenzvimbo inooneka, iyo inotsanangurwa kuburikidza nepfungwa "mepu dzenzvimbo."
Uku ndiko kutevedzana kwematanho mukukura kwepfungwa dzevana pamusoro penzvimbo. Zvisinei, nekuyaruka, havasi vana vose vanosvika pamwero wemepu dzepfungwa. Chiitiko chinoratidza kuti kune vanhu vakuru vakawanda munyika vanofunga munzvimbo sevana vaduku vechikoro, kuburikidza nemigwagwa yemigwagwa inozivikanwa kwavari kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, uye pamwe sevana vaduku, vachiinzwisisa semuunganidzwa we "nzvimbo".
Mwero wekukura kwepfungwa dzevakuru (pamwe chete nedzemwana) pamusoro penzvimbo inogona kuongororwa nezvakawanda zvekutaura kwake nezviito. Kunyanya, nenzira iyo munhu anokwanisa kutsanangura nemuromo kune mumwe nzira yaanogona kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Munhu mukuru anofanira kufunga nezvehutano hwake uye mano munyaya iyi paanoedza, semudzidzisi, kubatsira mwana mubasa rakaoma rekunzwisisa chimiro chenzvimbo yenyika yakamupoteredza.
Sezvineiwo, vana pachavo havana kuzvarwa mune izvi. Kazhinji kazhinji vanobatana. Kufarira kwavo kwekuziva kwenzvimbo kunoratidzwa muzviitwa zvekuongorora zvavanoita neshamwari. Zvakangofanana, vasikana nevakomana vanofarira kukwira zvifambiso munzira yese - kubva mhete kuenda kune mhete. Kana kuti vanogara pasi pane dzimwe nhamba kuti vaone kuti vachaiunza kupi. Kana kuti vanobuda nepakati voenda netsoka kuti vaongorore migwagwa yavasingazivi, vatarise muzvivanze. Uye dzimwe nguva vanoenda neshamwari kuti vafambe mupaki iri kure mune imwe nzvimbo kuti vaunze zvitsva kuhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye kunzwa rusununguko rwavo uye kugona kukunda nzvimbo. Ndiko kuti, kambani yevana inoshandisa zvifambiso zveveruzhinji kugadzirisa akati wandei matambudziko avo epfungwa.
Zvinoitika kuti vabereki nekushamisika uye kubvunda kwemoyo vanodzidza nezve idzi nzendo dzevana vavo. Vanoda kushivirira kwakawanda, kungwara kwezvematongerwo enyika uye panguva imwe chete kusimba kuitira kuti vasvike pakubvumirana uye kuwana mikana yakadaro yekugutsa chido chavo chehucheche chezviwanikwa uye zvepfungwa zvekuvaraidzwa kuitira kuchengetedza vimbiso yekuchengeteka kwavo.
Ehe, nzendo dzakabatana nemumwe wevabereki dzinoberekawo muchero kumwana, apo vaviri vevaongorori - vakuru nevadiki - vakangwarira kuenda kunzvimbo itsva, vachikwira munzvimbo dzausingazivi, dzakachengeterwa uye dzisinganzwisisike makona, kwaunogona kuita zvisingatarisirwi zviwanikwa. , hope up, tambai mese. Zvinobatsira zvikuru pakuzorora kufunga nemwana ane makore 10-12 mepu yenzvimbo yaaiziva kwaari, kuwana nzvimbo nemigwagwa yakaongororwa panguva yekufamba.
Kukwanisa kuenzanisa mufananidzo wakananga weiyo nzvimbo dzemumaguta umo mwana pachake anga aripo, uye mufananidzo wekufananidzira wemamiriro akafanana pamepu, inopa mhedzisiro yakakosha: mumisikirwo yenzvimbo yemwana, vhoriyamu yehungwaru uye rusununguko rwe. zviito zvine musoro zvinoonekwa. Inowanikwa kuburikidza nekugara pamwe chete kwehupenyu, hunogara huchifamba, hunooneka hunomiririrwa mufananidzo wenzvimbo yakajairika uye yayo yemamiriro (yechiratidzo) chirongwa muchimiro chemepu. Kana ruzivo rwakafanana rwemamiriro ekunze rwunotsanangurwa kumwana uye rwunonzwisiswa naye mumitauro miviri kamwechete - mumutauro wemifananidzo yepfungwa uye muchimiro chechiratidzo - ane nzwisiso chaiyo yechimiro chenzvimbo. Kana mwana akakwanisa kushandura zvakasununguka ruzivo rwenzvimbo kubva mumutauro wemifananidzo mhenyu kupinda mumutauro wemasaini wemepu, zvirongwa, madhayagiramu (uye zvakasiyana), nzira inoenda kumarudzi ese ehunyanzvi hwekuita uye hwepfungwa-hune musoro hwenzvimbo inomuvhurira. . Kugona uku kunobatanidzwa nechikamu chekukura kwepfungwa icho mwana anopinda mukutanga kuyaruka. Muchokwadi, vana vanotiudza nezvekuonekwa kwehunyanzvi uhu pavanotanga kubatanidzwa mukudhirowa mamepu.
Basa remunhu mukuru nderekucherechedza danho remwana rekukura munjere uye nekumutsigira zvine chinangwa nekupa maitiro ezviitwa zvinonakidza kumwana.
Zvakanaka kana mudzidzisi achinzwa izvo mwana akasimba mukati, uye kwaanoshaya ruzivo, haaunganidzi ruzivo rwehupenyu hwekusangana nekunze kwenyika, uye haasarudze pane zviito zvakazvimirira. Mukuzadza mapeji akadaro, mwana anogona kazhinji kubatsirwa nenzira dzakajeka uye dzechisikigo mukati megadziriro yemamiriro ezvinhu anozivikanwa kwaari, ayo anogona kuiswa nenzira dzisingatarisirwi nekuisa mabasa matsva. Asi makore mashanu kana gumi achapfuura, uye munhu anoregeredza, kunyange atova munhu mukuru, munhu achagadzirisa zvinorwadza matambudziko akafanana ehuduku ekusangana nenyika yekunze. Zvisinei, zvakatonyanya kumuomera kuwana rubatsiro.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti zvikamu zvehunyanzvi zvekutakura zvine kurongeka kwakanyatsotsanangurwa, asi hazvina kusungirirwa kune mamwe mazera ehuduku. Pakati pevazivisi vedu vakuru pane vanhu vaichema-chema kuti "zvese zvanonoka zvichienzaniswa nevamwe."
Musikana akabva kumapurovhinzi, zvese mukuyaruka uye mukuyaruka, anoenderera mberi nekugadzirisa matambudziko ekutanga, anogadzirisa chikamu: anodzidza kusanyara, kusatya vanhu, kunzwa "sevamwe vese" mukutakura. .
Mumwe mukadzi muduku ane makore 27 anoshamiswa kushuma chishuvo chake chemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi chokuziva, kuti: “Bhazi rinozoendepi pashure pokunge ndaburuka?” - uye chisarudzo chake chekukwira bhazi iri kuenda kumhete, sezvinoitwa nevana pazera remakore gumi kana gumi nemaviri. “Sei ndisingazivi chinhu pamusoro pezvakandipoteredza? Vabereki vangu havana kundirega ndichienda, uye ndaitya zvose zvandaisaziva.”
Uye zvakasiyana, kune vanhu vakuru avo, sevana, vanoramba vachigadzira nzira yekugadzira yekusimudzira zvifambiso uye nharaunda yedhorobha uye vanozvimisira mabasa matsva ekutsvagisa zvinoenderana nekwavanogona vanhu vakuru.
Mumwe anofarira kutyaira mota dzakasiyana. Anofadzwa nemaitiro e "kubata" mutyairi akagadzirira kupa kusimudza, zvinonakidza kuziva chimiro chemutyairi nenzira yaanotyaira nayo motokari. Akaedza dzinenge mhando dzese dzemota uye anodada nenyaya yekuti akaenda kunoshanda mutangi remafuta, muamburenzi, mumotokari inotakura mari, mupurisa wemotokari, murubatsiro rwehunyanzvi, mune zvekudya, uye. nekuda kwekutenda mashura chete havana kushandisa masevhisi emariro chaiwo. Mumwe munhu anochengeta nzira dzechikomana dzekuongorora nzvimbo, asi dzinounza hwaro hwakasimba hwedzidziso kwavari. Akadaro mumwe muzvinabhizimisi weDanish akauya kuRussia kuzovaka zvivakwa zvezvivakwa: migwagwa mikuru, mabhiriji, nhandare dzendege, nezvimwewo. Nguva yake yaaifarira mumaawa ake emahara yaive yekufamba nezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji. Aidadisa kuti akashanyira zvachose zviteshi zvose zvemuSt. Panguva imwecheteyo, haana kufambiswa zvakanyanya nekufarira kwehunyanzvi sekuda kuziva, kufara kubva mukuita kwacho uye kugutsikana kuti munhu chete akaona zvese kwete pamepu uye akafamba kwese kwese kwete mumotokari yake, asi pamwe chete. nevagariwo zvavo-vafambi, vanogona kufunga kuti anoziva guta raakagara.
Nyaya pamusoro penzira dzevana dzekudzidzira nekushandisa zvifambiso zvichange zvisina kukwana kana tisingatauri chimwe chinhu chehukama hwemwana nemotokari.
Kufamba mumotokari yedu yeruzhinji kunogara kuchovha kuenda kusingazivikanwe: haugone kuve nechokwadi chekuti uri kutonga mamiriro ezvinhu, kuti uchasvika kwauri kuenda, uye kuti hauzobatiki munzira, kuti hapana chichaitika. munzira. Mukuwedzera, kazhinji, mutakuri munhu ari munharaunda yepakati. Haachisiri pano (kwaakabva) uye haasati avapo (kwaienda nenzira). Nokudaro, anowanzofunga uye kunyange kufungidzira nezveramangwana riri kumugadzirira paanosvika. Kunyanya kana akaenda kunzvimbo yakakosha sechikoro, kana kubva kuchikoro aine dhayari rizere nemamaki akasiyana, anoenda kumba. Zvinoita sekuti ndosaka muchivanhu chevana subculture muine makuhwa akasiyana anoitwa nevana mukutakura. Isu takatotaura kufembera pamatikiti emhanza nekuwedzera uye nekuenzanisa nhamba dzekutanga nhatu uye dzekupedzisira nhamba dzenhamba yetikiti. Iwe unogona zvakare kuterera kune nhamba yemotokari yauri kufamba nayo. Iwe unogona kufungidzira nenhamba dzemotokari mumugwagwa kana kufungidzira nhamba yemotokari dzerumwe ruvara rwaunoda kuverenga mumugwagwa kuti zvese zvifambe. Vana vanofungidzira kunyange nemabhatani emajasi avo.
Kufanana nevanhu vekare, vana vanowanzotendeukira kuzviito zvemashiripiti kana zvichidikanwa kupesvedzera chinhu kana mamiriro kuitira kuti zvive mukufarira mwana. Rimwe rebasa remashiripiti rinosangana nemwana anenge mazuva ese nderekukumbira chekufambisa kuti akurumidze kusvika kwavari kuenda. Kana tsaona dzisingafadzi dzinogona kuitika munzira, mwana anowedzera kushingaira kuedza "kujekesa" mamiriro ezvinhu achimufarira. Vaverengi vakuru vanogona kushamiswa nechokwadi chokuti imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kukosha dzekutakura, iyo inotora simba rakawanda repfungwa remwana, inosimudza. Mwana anowanzozviwana ari oga naye uye dzimwe nguva anomanikidzwa kuvaka hurongwa hwakaoma hwezvibvumirano zverudo nerevheti kuitira kuti arege kunamatira pakati pepasi, izvo vana vanotya.
Semuyenzaniso, mumwe musikana wemakore masere okuberekwa aigara mumba makanga mune maviri parallevator - imwe "mutyairi" imwe uye yakawanda "mutoro" imwe. Musikana wacho aitofanira kuchovha mumwe kana mumwe. Vakaramba vakamira nguva nenguva. Achicherechedza maitiro ezvikwiriso, musikana wacho akasvika kumhedziso yokuti iwe kazhinji unonamira mune lifti yausina kumbofamba nayo kwenguva refu, uye izvi zvinoitika nokuti lifti inotsamwa uye inogumburwa nemutakuri nekuregeredza. Nokudaro, musikana wacho akagadza mutemo kuti atange asvika kune lifti yaaisazoenda. Musikana akakotama kwaari, akamukwazisa uye, achiremekedza mukwiridzi nenzira iyi, akatasva imwe nemweya wakadzikama. Maitiro acho akazoita zvemashiripiti, asi zvakatora nguva yakareba uye dzimwe nguva zvaikwezva pfungwa dzevaivepo. Naizvozvo, musikana wacho akarerutsa: akakwira pane imwe revheti, uye akanyengetera ari oga nenzira yakafanana kune imwe, akamukumbira ruregerero nokuda kwokusaishandisa, uye akavimbisa nomwoyo wose kuti aizoitasva pazuva raitevera revhiki. Aigara achichengeta vimbiso yake uye aive nechokwadi kuti ndosaka asina kumbomira muelevator, kusiyana nevamwe vanhu.
Sezvatatotaura, hukama hwechihedheni nenyika yakasikwa uye ine chinangwa chakapoteredza kazhinji unhu hwevana. Kazhinji kacho, vanhu vakuru havazivi kunyange chikamu chidiki cheiyo yakaoma sisitimu yekudyidzana iyo mwana anogadzika nehunhu hwezvinhu zvakakosha kwaari.