Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) mufananidzo uye tsananguro

Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake)

• Tricholoma nauseosum;
• Nauseous armory;
• Armillaria matsutake.

Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) ihowa yerudzi rweTricholome.

Tsanangudzo yekunze yefungus

Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) ine muviri unobereka muchero une chivharo nedzinde. Nyama yaro yakachena muruvara, inoratidzwa nekunhuhwirira kunonaka kwezvinonhuwira, zvakafanana nekunhuhwirira kwesinamoni. Chivharo chine ruvara rwebrown, uye muhowa hunenge hwaibva uye hwakanyanya, huso hwahwo hunotsemuka uye huturu hwehowa huchena hunodongorera nemupakatsemuka uku. Mukutaura kwehupamhi hwayo, chivharo chehowa iyi yakakura kwazvo, ine denderedzwa-convex chimiro, tubercle yehupamhi hukuru inooneka zvakajeka pairi. Kumusoro kwechivharo kwakaoma, pakutanga kuchena-chena kana kusviba, kwakatsetseka. Gare gare, zvikero zvefibrous zvinoonekwa pairi. Micheto yevhavha yehowa yakasungirirwa zvishoma; fiber uye chifukidzo chakasara zvinowanzoonekwa pazviri.

Iyo hymenophore yemuviri wechibereko inomiririrwa nemhando yelamellar. Mahwendefa anoratidzirwa nekrimu kana ruvara ruchena, iyo inoshanduka kuita tsvuku ine simba rakasimba pavari kana kukanganisa. Mushroom pulp yakakura kwazvo uye yakaoma, inoburitsa kunhuhwirira kwepear-sinamoni, inonaka yakapfava, inosiya inovava mushure.

Gumbo rehowa rakakora uye rakakura, kureba kwaro kunogona kubva pa9 kusvika 25 cm, uye ukobvu ndeye 1.5-3 cm. Inowedzera kusvika pachigadziko nenzira yekirabhu. Dzimwe nguva, pane zvinopesana, inogona kuderedza. Iyo inoratidzirwa ne-off-white color uye isina kuenzana brown fibrous mhete. Kufukidzwa kwehupfu kunoonekwa pamusoro payo, uye chikamu chezasi chegumbo rehowa chakafukidzwa newalnut-brown fibrous scales.

Gumbo rinoratidzwa nemuvara wakasviba uye kureba hukuru. Zvakaoma zvikuru kuibvisa pasi.

Habitat uye fruiting nguva

Matsutake mushroom, ane zita rinoshandurwa kubva kuJapan semupine mushroom, inokura zvikuru muAsia, China neJapan, North America neNorthern Europe. Inokura pedyo netsoka dzemiti, kazhinji ichivanda pasi pemashizha akawa. Chimiro chehuhu hwematsutake symbiosis nemidzi yemiti ine simba inokura mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Saka, semuenzaniso, muNorth America, fungus ndeye symbiosis nepine kana fir, uye muJapan - ine tsvuku tsvuku. Inofarira kukura pavhu risina kubereka uye rakaoma, inoumba ring-type colonies. Zvinofadza, sezvo rudzi urwu rwehowa hunokura, ivhu riri pasi pe mycelium nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero rinoshanduka richena. Kana kamwe kamwe kubereka kwevhu kunowedzera, nzvimbo yakadaro inova isina kukodzera kuwedzera kukura kweMatsutake (Tricholoma matsutake). Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana nhamba yematavi anodonha uye mashizha ekare anowedzera.

Fruiting matsutake inotanga munaGunyana, uye inoenderera kusvika Gumiguru. Panharaunda yeFederation, rudzi urwu rwefungus runowanikwa muSouthern Urals, Urals, Far East uye Primorye, Eastern uye Southern Siberia.

Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) imhando yemycorrhizal yemuoki nepine, inowanikwa muoki-pine uye masango emipaini. Miti yemichero yefungus inowanikwa chete mumapoka.

Edibility

Matsutake howa (Tricholoma matsutake) inodyiwa, uye unogona kuishandisa chero ipi zvayo nzira, mbishi uye yakabikwa, yakabikwa kana yakakangwa. Iyo howa inoratidzwa nekunaka kwakanyanya, dzimwe nguva yakabikwa kana munyu, asi kazhinji inodyiwa nyowani. Inogona kuomeswa. Iyo pulp yemuviri we fruiting ndeye elastic, uye kuravira kwakananga, sezvakaita kunhuhwirira (matsutake inonhuwira seresin). Inofarirwa zvikuru nemagourmets. Matsutake anogona kuomeswa.

Mhando dzakafanana, maitiro akasiyana kubva kwavari

Muna 1999, masayendisiti kubva kuSweden, Danell naBergius, vakaita ongororo yakaita kuti zvikwanise kunyatsoona kuti howa hweSweden Tricholoma nauseosum, yaimboonekwa semhando yakafanana neyeJapan matsutake, ihwo hwakasiyana hwakasiyana hwehowa. Mhedzisiro yepamutemo yekuenzanisa DNA yakabvumira kuwedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwekutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemhando iyi yehowa kubva kuScandinavia kuenda kuJapan. Uye chikonzero chikuru chekudiwa kwakadaro kwechigadzirwa kwaiva kuravira kwayo kunonaka uye kunhuhwirira kwakanaka kwehowa.